Josh Kroenke was born on May 7, 1980.^[4] His father is Stan Kroenke and his mother, Ann Walton Kroenke.^[5][6] Through his mother, he is a member of the Walton family, one of the richest families in the world, who founded Walmart and still own a controlling interest.^[7] He has a sister, Whitney Kroenke Burditt. He grew up in Columbia, Missouri, and attended Rock Bridge High School.^[1] He graduated from the University of Missouri, where he received a full basketball scholarship.^[1] While in college, Kroenke found himself involved in a scandal which led to the resignation of Larry Eustachy, the coach of the Iowa State basketball team. In 2003, Eustachy, a friend of Josh's father Stan Kroenke, attended a student party with Josh in Columbia, Missouri.^[8] Photos of Eustachy drinking with college students at the party later surfaced^[9] and led to his resignation^[10] from his position at Iowa State.

Kroenke serves as the President of both the National Basketball Association's Denver Nuggets and the National Hockey League's Colorado Avalanche.^{[1][5][6][11]}

In 2013, he was appointed by his father, the majority shareholder, to the board of English football club Arsenal as a non-executive director.^[12] As directors of Arsenal, the Kroenkes have garnered significant antipathy from supporters, who feel that they have no ambition and are merely using the club for their own profit at the expense of the team's competitiveness.^[13]

In April 2021, Arsenal were announced as a founding member of the European Super League, a closed competition, without relegation or promotion, as in American professional sports leagues. Arsenal and the other five English clubs involved backed out within days after a strong backlash. Following the club's aborted attempt to join a new European club competition, Arsenal fans called for the Kroenke family to sell the club, ^{[14][15][16][17]} to which the Kroenke family responded that they are not willing to sell.^[18]

Kroenke resides in Denver, Colorado.^[5] Kroenke purchased an 1,885 square feet (175.1 m²) condo for $1.4 million in 2007. Prior to his move to Denver, Kroenke lived in New York City. He and his sister, Whitney Kroenke Burditt, purchased a 1,735 square feet (161.2 m²) condominium, with a 400 square feet (37 m²) roof deck, a small balcony and views of the Empire State Building for $2.7 million in 2005.^[19] They sold it in 2007 for $2.45 million—below both the initial listed price of $2.995 million and their final asking price of $2.55 million.^[19]