Summary
Julie Hayden (c. 1857 – August 21, 1874), sometimes Julia Hayden, was an American seventeen-year-old Black school teacher murdered by members of the White Man's League within days of starting a teaching position at a school for Black children in Tennessee.
Early life and education edit
Hayden grew up in Spring Hill in Maury County, Tennessee.[1][2] She attended Central Tennessee College in Nashville, a teachers' college for Black students.[1]
Murder edit
Hayden moved from Nashville to Hartsville in Trousdale County, Tennessee to "educate black people".[3][1] At the time teaching Black people to read was "interpreted as a challenge to white control".[3]
At the time of the murder, Hayden was staying with Emery Lowe and his wife, Pink, as a boarder.[4] Three days after her arrival in Hartsville, on August 21 at 2:00 am, the Lowe home was invaded by members of the White Man's League, who chased her through the house and shot and killed her.[1][3][4] According to Harper's Weekly, "Her murderers escaped, nor is it likely that the death of Julia Hayden will ever be avenged, unless the nation insists upon the extermination of the White Man's League."[3][1]
In August 1874, the Republican Banner reported that the Superintendent of Public Instruction, Colonel John Fleming, had requested Robert S. Smith, the Trousdale County Superintendent, provide a report on the murder.[5] In September 1874, Black citizens of Spring Hill, where Hayden's family lived, petitioned Tennessee Governor John C. Brown to find and arrest the murderers.[4]
Charges were filed against Pat Lyons and J. Bowen Saunders.[4] During the trial, Saunders admitted that he had killed two Black people.[6] In October 1874 the accused were released on $3500 bail.[7]
According to Alan Friedlander and Richard Allen Garber, Hayden "became the poster child of southern violence".[8]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e Hapgood, Norman; Harvey, George Brinton Mcclellan; Bangs, John Kendrick; Nelson, Henry Loomis; Schurz, Carl; Davis, Richard Harding; Foord, John; Schuyler, Montgomery; Conant, Samuel Stillman; Alden, Henry Mills; Curtis, George William; Bonner, John (October 3, 1874). "Louisiana and the Rule of Terror". Harper's Weekly: 813 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ "Julia Hayden, Teacher, Murdered". The New Northwest. September 25, 1874. p. 4. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
- ^ a b c d Harris, Michael D. (2003). Colored pictures : race and visual representation. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 58–60. ISBN 0-8078-2760-6. OCLC 50006525.
- ^ a b c d "The Hayden Assassination". The Tennessean. September 9, 1874.
- ^ "The Murder of Julie Hayden". Republican Banner. August 29, 1874. p. 4. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
- ^ "Crime in Tennessee". The Weekly Clarion. Jackson, Mississippi. September 17, 1874. p. 1.
- ^ "Notes and Comments". The St. Albans Daily Messenger. October 20, 1874. p. 2. Retrieved August 23, 2021.
- ^ Friedlander, Alan; Gerber, Richard Allan (January 1, 2019). Welcoming Ruin: The Civil Rights Act of 1875. BRILL. doi:10.1163/9789004384071_007. ISBN 978-90-04-35914-7. S2CID 198014518.