At the University of Göttingen and at the Humboldt University of Berlin, he devoted himself to mathematics and philosophy, was appointed to the chair of philosophy at the University of Königsberg in 1872, and three years later to a similar chair at the University of Marburg.

Among his more important writings are:

• Grundlinien einer Theorie des Bewusstseins (Outlines of a theory of consciousness, 1870)
• Zur Beurteilung des Kriticismus (On judging criticism, 1875)
• Reine Logik (Pure logic, 1879)
• Sein und Erkennen (To be and to recognize, 1880)
• Die Grundprobleme der Logik (Fundamental problems in logic, 1882)
• Geschichte der Philosophie (History of philosophy, 1892–94)
• Untersuchungen über Hauptpunkte der Philosophie (Investigations on the main points of philosophy, 1900)
• System des objektiven Idealismus (A system of objective idealism, 1903)

• This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Bergmann, Julius" . Encyclopedia Americana.

• Works by or about Julius Bergmann at Internet Archive