In the Colonial period, Kanjaris were listed under the Criminal Tribes Act, 1871, as a tribe "addicted to the systematic commission of non-bailable offenses."^[3]

India edit

The Kanjari were denotified in 1952, when the Criminal Tribes Act was replaced by the Habitual Offenders Act, but the community carries considerable social stigma, mainly due to the association of their culture with traditions distinct from mainstream Indian culture.^[4] Kanjaris are also known as Gihar which is not notified.^{[citation needed]}

The 2011 Census of India for Uttar Pradesh showed the Kanjari with a population of 115,968.^[5]

Pakistan edit

In Pakistan, two distinct communities go by the name Kanjari. Over the centuries they became associated with the profession of peripatetic craftsmen and entertainers, best known for the terracotta toys they produce. The term 'Kanjar' is more generally used to refer to a person of low moral character than as a reference to the tribe.^{[6][7][page needed]}

The Kanjaris are sometimes associated with the Lahore neighborhood.They are a pagan South Asian "hindu" tribe later some converted to Islam and sikh and his famous bazaar was inhabited and later flourished under influence of Kanjaris of Lucknow and Kanjaris of other parts of northern India. For centuries Lucknow was a hub for affluent families would send their children to be educated in Lucknow. This has been home to a large community of Kanjari for centurie. A recent study found that: "A Kanjari hears the music of tabla and ghungroo from the day of her birth and must begin her formal education before her non-Kanjari friends start going to school."^[8]

Although nomadic, the Kanjari follow a set route and often maintain a relationship with the villages they visit. Many of the men work as agricultural labourers. Their tents are made from split bamboo or munji grass, and their encampments can be found at the edges of villages, as well as in urban areas such as Faisalabad and Lahore.^[1]

They are the subject of the Hindi story Indrajal (Magic in English), by Jaishankar Prasad.

In the Lollywood film Bol, prominent character Saqa Kanjari, financially helps a fanatic hakim after the latter bribes the police to bury the honour killing of his son. The hakim in return had to bear a daughter for Saqa Kanjar's daughter Meena.

• Gihara