Summary
Oberleutnant Karl Patzelt (1893-1918) was an Austro-Hungarian World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories. Entering World War I as an officer in an infantry regiment, he distinguished himself during the first two years of the war. Decorated twice for valor, he was also honored by a rare early promotion in rank. A serious wound inflicted on 16 June 1916 hospitalized him. While recuperating, he transferred to aviation service. Trained and posted as a technical officer for Flik 29J in Romania, he volunteered to fly as an observer with Andreas Dombrowski. On their missions, Patzelt would benefit from Dombrowski's tuition as a pilot, while downing two enemy aircraft with the observer's gun. In October, Patzelt was transferred to the Italian Front to observe at the Battle of Caporetto. By mid-November 1917, he was flying with a fighter squadron, Flik 42J. He would score three more victories before being killed in action on 4 May 1918.
Karl Patzelt | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 3 February 1893 Craiova, Romania |
| Died | 4 May 1918 (aged 25) Vidor, Italy |
| Allegiance |  Austro-Hungarian Empire |
| Service/ | Flying services |
| Rank | Oberleutnant |
| Unit | Flik 29J, Flik 34, Flik 42J, Flik 68J. |
| Commands held | Flik 68J. |
| Battles/wars | Battle of Komarow (As Leutnant of the 22nd Regiment) 1914, Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive 1915 (as Oberleutnant), Brusilov Offensive 1916, Battle of Caporetto 1917 (as officer-observer of Flik34), |
| Awards | Order of the Iron Crown 3rd Class with War Decoration and Swords, Military Merit Cross, Military Merit Medal (Bronze and Silver), German Iron Cross 2nd Class |
Early life edit
Karl Patzelt was born on 3 February 1893. His birthplace was erroneously recorded as Crajova, Bohemia; no such place exists in Bohemia. In actuality, Patzelt was born in Craiova, Romania, and his legal domicile was the same as his father's, Mladá Boleslav, Bohemia. Patzelt spoke German, Romanian, and Czech.[1] He was orphaned young. When he was old enough, he chose a military career.[2]
Infantry service edit
When World War I began, Patzelt was an officer in the 22nd Schützen Regiment on the Russian Front. He fought in the Battle of Komarów. During the subsequent Austro-Hungarian retreat, he was wounded on 21 November 1914. He returned from hospital to fight in the Carpathian Mountains and the Gorlice–Tarnów offensive in early 1915. In March 1915, he was awarded the Military Merit Cross with War Decorations and Swords.[citation needed] On 23 March 1915, he received a rare early, out-of-turn promotion to Oberleutnant (First Lieutenant). Six months later, he was awarded a Bronze Military Merit Medal.[3][4]
Patzelt's health had not fully recouped, so in mid-August 1915, he was assigned to train the regimental reserves. By Spring 1916, he had healed and was reassigned to lead a unit of shock troops. He led this unit in defensive warfare against a Russian offensive until he was seriously wounded on 16 June 1916. During this extended stay in hospital, he decided to transfer to aviation service.[4]
Aerial Service edit
Once recovered from his latest wound, Patzelt applied for a transfer to aviation duty. In Autumn 1916, he received enough training to become a technical officer with Flik 29, which was posted to Romania. The opposition there was not limited to Romanian fliers, it also included Russian and French pilots.[4]
Patzelt began a full schedule of flying combat as an observer, earning his observer's badge in April 1917. While flying as an observer, on 5 February 1917, and again on 21 June, he scored aerial victories while being piloted by Andreas Dombrowski. Under Dombrowski's coaching, Patzelt began learning to fly. During this period, he was awarded the Silver Military Medal; he also garnered the Prussian Iron Cross.[4][5]
In early October, he was transferred to Flik 34. He flew as an observer during the Battle of Caporetto, which was waged from 24 October to 7 November. Somehow he continued pilot training while still serving as an observer. Once he mastered piloting, he was forwarded to a fighter squadron, Flik 42J,[5] in mid-November 1917. On the 23rd, he shared a victory with Karl Teichmann. Six days later, he shared a victory with Franz Gräser and Ernst Strohschneider. On 29 December 1917, on one of his 40 combat sorties for the month, he shot down a seaplane for his fifth victory. While with Flik 42J, Patzelt was granted his highest honor, the Order of the Iron Crown, Third Class with War Decoration and Swords.[4][5]
Karl Patzelt was killed in action on 4 May when his Albatros D.III was shot down during a skirmish over Montello, a hill in the Treviso province of Italy. Though most sources credit British ace Gerald Birks with Patzelt's death,[5][6] one charges Italian ace Giovanni Nicelli with the kill.[7] However, official records still list Patzelt as missing in action.[6]
References edit
- ^ Rajlich 2014, p. 260.
- ^ Franks, Guest & Alegi 1997, p. 195.
- ^ Franks, Guest & Alegi 1997, pp. 195–196.
- ^ a b c d e O'Connor 1994, p. 209.
- ^ a b c d Franks, Guest & Alegi 1997, p. 196..
- ^ a b O'Connor 1994, p. 210.
- ^ Varriale 2007, p. 67.
Bibliography edit
- Franks, Norman; Guest, Russell; Alegi, Gregory (1997). Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. Grub Street. ISBN 978-1898697565.
- O'Connor, Martin (1994). Air Aces of the Austro-Hungarian Empire 1914 - 1918. Flying Machines Press. ISBN 978-0-9637110-1-4.
- Varriale, Paolo (2007). Italian Aces of World War 1. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1846034268.
- Rajlich, Jiří (2014). Na křídlech Světové války - Epizody ze života českých aviatiků v rakousko-uherském letectvu [On the Wings of the World War - Episodes from the Lives of Czech Aviators in the Austro-Hungarian Airforce] (in Czech). Cheb: Svět křídel. ISBN 978-80-87567-48-7.