Summary
Kathleen 'Kee' MacFarlane[1] (born 1947)[2] is an American social worker known for involvement in the high-profile McMartin preschool trial in the 1980s. She was the Director of Children's Institute International.[3] She developed the concept of the anatomically correct doll for children to use during interviews concerning abuse and played a significant role in the McMartin trial. MacFarlane has been criticized for her methods of interrogating small children.[4] Charges against the defendants eventually were dropped.
Kee MacFarlane | |
|---|---|
| Born | Kathleen MacFarlane 1947 (age 76–77) |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Social worker |
| Known for | Role in the McMartin preschool trial |
Professional training edit
She received a bachelor's degree in fine arts at Denison University in Ohio and later received her master's degree in social work.[5] After graduation, MacFarlane became a lobbyist for the National Organization for Women[6] and grant evaluator for the National Center for Child Abuse and Neglect,[7] later becoming the Director of Children's Institute International (CII).[3] In the time leading up to the McMartin preschool trial, MacFarlane described herself as a psychotherapist but lacked any professional licenses.[2]
Involvement in the McMartin preschool trial edit
As part of her job at CII, MacFarlane interviewed 400 children for the McMartin preschool trial using anatomically correct dolls and hand puppets. MacFarlane believed that the children suffered from child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome, and would deny sexual abuse without special techniques designed to encourage disclosure.[7] The interview techniques[8] MacFarlane used during the investigation into the allegations were highly suggestive and invited children to pretend or speculate about supposed events.[9][10] By spring of 1984, it was claimed that 360 children had been abused.[11] Astrid Heppenstall Heger performed medical examinations and took photos of what she believed to be minute scarring which she stated was caused by anal penetration. Critics have alleged that the questioners repetitively asked the children leading questions which, it is said,[12] always yields positive responses from young children, making it impossible to know what the child actually experienced. Others believe that the questioning itself may have led to false memory syndrome among the children who were questioned. Ultimately only 41 of the original 360 children testified during the grand jury and pretrial hearings, and fewer than a dozen testified during the actual trial.[13]
MacFarlane went on to testify before Congress that she believed there was an organized, nationwide conspiracy of individuals and "orthodox satanic groups" sexually abusing children, although she never presented evidence of who any of the individuals were nor proof of any orthodox satanic groups.[14]
Publications edit
Books and book chapters edit
- MacFarlane, K; Bulkley J (1982). "Treating Child Sexual Abuse: An Overview of Current Program Models". In Conte JR; Shore DA (eds.). Social Work and Child Sexual Abuse. Haworth Press. ISBN 978-0-917724-98-5.
- MacFarlane, K; Waterman J (1998). Sexual Abuse of Young Children: Evaluation and Treatment. The Guilford Press. ISBN 978-0-89862-703-9.
- Cunningham, C; MacFarlane, K (1996). When Children Abuse: Group Treatment Strategies for Children With Impulse Control Problems. Safer Society Press. ISBN 978-1-884444-23-4.
Videos edit
- MacFarlane K, Feldmeth JR, Saywitz KJ (1986). Response Syllabus: The Clinical Interview. New York: The Guilford Press. ISBN 978-0-89862-940-8.
- The Clinical Interview; with Joanne Ross Feldmeth, Karen Saywitz (1988)
Footnotes edit
- ^ Butler EW; Fukurai H; Dimitrius J; Kroothwas R (2001). Anatomy of the McMartin child molestation case. University Press of America. pp. 68. ISBN 978-0-7618-1983-7.
- ^ a b Timnick, L (1988-09-19). "Interviewer's Methods Seen as Key Issue in Preschool Case". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 2013-01-31. Retrieved 2009-08-01.
- ^ a b "Testimony by Kee MacFarlane". University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law. August 8, 1988. Archived from the original on 2009-08-08. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
- ^ In Pursuit of Satan — The Police and the Occult, Robert D. Hicks, Prometheus Books, Pg 190.
- ^ Snedeker 1995 p. 13.
- ^ Van Til, Reinder (1997). Lost daughters: recovered memory therapy and the people it hurts. Grand Rapids, Mich: William B. Eerdmans. pp. 134. ISBN 978-0-8028-4272-5.
- ^ a b De Young, Mary (2004). The day care ritual abuse moral panic. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Company. pp. 28–9. ISBN 978-0-7864-1830-5.
- ^ Snedeker 1995 p. 188.
- ^ Schreiber, Nadja; Lisa Bellah; Yolanda Martinez; Kristin McLaurin; Renata Stok; Sena Garven; James Wood (2006). "Suggestive interviewing in the McMartin Preschool and Kelly Michaels daycare abuse cases: A case study". Social Influence. 1 (1): 16–46. doi:10.1080/15534510500361739. S2CID 2322397.
- ^ Garven, S; Wood JM; Malpass RS; Shaw JS (1998). "More than suggestion: the effect of interviewing techniques from the McMartin Preschool case". Journal of Applied Psychology. 83 (3): 347–59. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.83.3.347. PMID 9648524. S2CID 16766571.
- ^ Snedeker 1995 p. 127.
- ^ Fischer, M (1989-09-25). "A Case of Dominoes?". Los Angeles Magazine. p. 132.
- ^ Zirpolo, K; Nathan D (2005-10-30). "I'm Sorry; A long-delayed apology from one of the accusers in the notorious McMartin Pre-School molestation case". Los Angeles Times Magazine. Archived from the original on 2009-03-15. Retrieved 2009-09-08.
- ^ Frankfurter, David (2006). Evil incarnate: rumors of demonic conspiracy and ritual abuse in history. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. pp. 57. ISBN 978-0-691-11350-0.
References edit
- Nathan, D; Snedeker M (1995). Satan's Silence: Ritual Abuse and the Making of a Modern American Witch Hunt. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-87975-809-7.