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The 1758 Victory of Khorgos, a 1774 engraving by Jacques-Philippe Le Bas (1707-1783), after Jean-Denis Attiret (1702-1768). Musée Guimet, Paris.[24]
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Soviet border guards near Korgas (1984)
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Korgas port gate
Khorgos (from Russian: Хоргос), officially known as Korgas[2] (from Uyghur: قورغاس), is a county-level city in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China. It straddles the country's border with Kazakhstan;[3] on the Kazakh side of the border is a city also named Horgos in Russian and Korgas in Kazakh.
Khorgos or Qorghas
Korgas, Khorgas, Horgos , Qorghas | |
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Khorgos or Qorghas Location in Xinjiang Khorgos or Qorghas Khorgos or Qorghas (Xinjiang) Khorgos or Qorghas Khorgos or Qorghas (China) | |
Coordinates: 44°12′45″N 80°24′35″E / 44.21250°N 80.40972°E | |
Country | China |
Autonomous region | Xinjiang |
Autonomous prefecture | Ili |
Municipal seat | Qarasu Subdistrict |
Area | |
• Total | 1,675 km2 (647 sq mi) |
Population (2020)[1] | |
• Total | 71,466 |
• Density | 43/km2 (110/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard Time[a]) |
Website | www |
Khorgos | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chinese name | |||||||
Simplified Chinese | 霍尔果斯市 | ||||||
Traditional Chinese | 霍爾果斯市 | ||||||
| |||||||
Uyghur name | |||||||
Uyghur | قورغاس شەھىرى | ||||||
| |||||||
Russian name | |||||||
Russian | Хоргос | ||||||
Romanization | Khorgos | ||||||
Kazakh name | |||||||
Kazakh | قالاسى قورعاس Қорғас қаласы Qorğas qalası |
Khorgos area is a hub of the New Eurasian Land Bridge, 200 km from the Alataw Pass, the historically important Dzungarian Gate, with a cross-border visa-free special economic zone for trade and shopping (ICBC), a dry port for transporting goods and two new cities, one on either side of the border.[4][5]: 24
In 1851, the Russian Empire signed an agreement with Qing China to have Khorgos and Tacheng opened as port of entries along the Qing-Russian border.[6]
In 1977, the 61st Regiment Farm fire in Khorgos killed 694 and injured 161.[7][8] It is one of the worst human-made disasters in China by death toll.
The Jinghe–Yining–Khorgos railway was completed in late 2009 and as of 2012 provides train service from Ürümqi and Yining to Khorgos.[9]
Passenger trains from Ürümqi started on July 1, 2010; however, they initially only ran to Yining and not all the way to Khorgos.[10][11] In December 2013, one of the daily Ürümqi-Yining passenger trains was extended to Khorgos. The travel time from Khorgos to Yining then was just over an hour.[12]
In December 2011, a 293-kilometre (182 mi) railway from the Khorgos border crossing to Zhetygen terminal (near Almaty) was completed; on December 2, 2012, the tracks from the Chinese and Kazakhstan sides of the borders were connected.[13] For some months, the railway on the Kazakh side was still operating in a test mode.[14] The railway border crossing (port of entry) at Khorgos became operational in the late 2012;[15]) the first regular trains from the two countries crossed the border on December 22, 2012.[13] Thus, Khorgos, an international dry port, connects land-locked Kazakhstan to the sea port of Lianyungang in China.[16]
The railway border crossing is expected to handle up to 15 million tons of freight per year initially, the volume rising to 30 million tons per year in the long run,[13] opening up the second Europe-China rail link via Kazakhstan.[17]
Khorgos is a major break of gauge interchange. 41-ton gantry cranes are used to move shipping containers between standard gauge Chinese trains and Russian gauge Kazakh trains,[18] connecting to Altynkol railway station on a spur line of Kazakhstan Temir Zholy.
In June 2017, the Ürümqi Railway Bureau of the China Railway started daily passenger service from Ürümqi to Astana via Khorgos.[19]
As of at least 2024, Khorgos is the second-largest dry port in the world.[20]: 57
In 2017, Boshihao Electronics, a robot manufacturing company, moved production from Shenzhen to Khorgos.[21]
Climate data for Korgas (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.9 (30.4) |
2.0 (35.6) |
11.1 (52.0) |
20.3 (68.5) |
25.4 (77.7) |
29.4 (84.9) |
31.3 (88.3) |
30.6 (87.1) |
25.9 (78.6) |
18.0 (64.4) |
8.5 (47.3) |
1.3 (34.3) |
16.9 (62.4) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.8 (21.6) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
5.6 (42.1) |
13.6 (56.5) |
18.6 (65.5) |
22.7 (72.9) |
24.6 (76.3) |
23.8 (74.8) |
19.0 (66.2) |
11.6 (52.9) |
3.4 (38.1) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
10.9 (51.7) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −9.5 (14.9) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
1.1 (34.0) |
8.3 (46.9) |
12.9 (55.2) |
17.1 (62.8) |
19.0 (66.2) |
17.9 (64.2) |
13.2 (55.8) |
6.6 (43.9) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
6.1 (43.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 19.4 (0.76) |
19.2 (0.76) |
17.2 (0.68) |
28.3 (1.11) |
24.8 (0.98) |
33.7 (1.33) |
26.5 (1.04) |
17.3 (0.68) |
11.9 (0.47) |
20.7 (0.81) |
26.9 (1.06) |
20.9 (0.82) |
266.8 (10.5) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 8.6 | 8.1 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 7.8 | 8.6 | 8.2 | 5.8 | 4.2 | 5.2 | 7.2 | 8.8 | 86 |
Average snowy days | 9.9 | 9.5 | 3.9 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.8 | 5.1 | 10.1 | 40.3 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 69 | 69 | 59 | 49 | 46 | 47 | 46 | 43 | 43 | 52 | 65 | 71 | 55 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 160.8 | 175.6 | 234.7 | 266.9 | 319.8 | 325.1 | 344.1 | 329.5 | 285.7 | 240.3 | 161.1 | 144.4 | 2,988 |
Percent possible sunshine | 55 | 58 | 62 | 65 | 69 | 70 | 74 | 78 | 78 | 72 | 57 | 53 | 66 |
Source: China Meteorological Administration[22][23] |
Khorgos is divided into 4 subdistricts, 1 ethnic township, and 2 township-equivalent regions.
Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Kazakh (Arabic script) | Kazakh (Cyrillic script) | Administrative division code | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subdistricts | ||||||||
Qarasu Subdistrict | 卡拉苏街道 | Kǎlāsū Jiēdào | قاراسۇ كوچا باشقارمىسى | qarasu kocha bashqarmisi | قاراسۋ كوشە باسقارماسى | 654004001 | ||
Ya-Ou East Road Subdistrict | 亚欧东路街道 | Yà'ōudōnglù Jiēdào | ەۆرو-ازيا شىعىس جولى كوشە باسقارماسى | 654004002 | ||||
Ya-Ou West Road Subdistrict | 亚欧西路街道 | Yà'ōuxīlù Jiēdào | ەۆرو-ازيا باتىس جولى كوشە باسقارماسى | 654004003 | ||||
Industrial Park Subdistrict | 工业园区街道 | Gōngyèyuánqū Jiēdào | سانائەت رايونى كوچا باشقارمىسى | sana'et rayoni kocha bashqarmisi | 654004004 | |||
Ethnic township | ||||||||
Ichëgashen Township (Ichëgashen Sibe Ethnic Township) |
伊车嘎善乡 (伊车嘎善锡伯族乡) |
Yīchēgāshàn Xiāng (Yīchēgāshàn Xíbózú Xiāng) |
ئىچېگاشەن شىبە يېزىسى | Ichëgashen shibe yëzisi | يچىگاشان سىبە اۋىلى | 654004200 | (Xibe) ᡞᠴᡝ ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ ᠰᡞᠪᡝ ᡤᡡᠰᠠ ice gašan sibe gūsa |
Others:
Straddling the Kazakh-Chinese border, a collection of cranes, railways, and buildings rises out of a barren stretch of desert surrounded by towering mountains to form the backbone of the Khorgos Gateway
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