Lactobacillus_jensenii Knowpia

Lactobacillus jensenii
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Bacillota
Class:	Bacilli
Order:	Lactobacillales
Family:	Lactobacillaceae
Genus:	Lactobacillus
Species:	L. jensenii
Binomial name
	Lactobacillus jensenii; Falsen et al. 1999

Lactobacillus jensenii is a normal inhabitant of the lower reproductive tract in healthy women.^[1]^[2]^[3] L. jensenii makes up 23% of vaginal microflora that is naturally occurring. It is also found on the skins of grapes at the time of their harvest.^[4]^[5]^[6] L. jensenii is sometimes used in producing fermented foods.^[7]

Lactobacillus jensenii produces enzymes that cause hydrolase release from the liver. Hydrolase aids in the digestion of food in the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Lactobacillus jensenii and other Lactobacillus species that produce hydrogen peroxide, (most notably L. crispatus), have been correlated with a decreased rate of bacterial vaginosis, gonorrhea- and HIV-acquisition and pelvic inflammatory disease.^[4]^[8] A stable colonization with these species, as opposed to dominantly L. iners, is associated with better reproductive outcomes, e.g. a decreased rate of preterm birth.^[8]

Discovery edit

Lactobacillus jensenii was discovered by F. Gasser, M. Mandel, and M. Rogosa in 1969. Although sharing many characterization criteria, L. jensenii differed from the similar Lactobacillus leichmannii in a gel electrophoresis analysis of their respective lactic dehydrogenases.^[9] The species was named in honour of Sigurd Orla-Jensen, a Danish microbiologist and a pioneer of biotechnology.

Characterization edit

Lactobacillus jensenii is Gram-positive, rod-shaped, negative for catalase and oxidase, and anaerobic. The organism can grow on blood agar.^[6]

Morphology edit

Colonies of L. jensenii are circular, colorless, small, and translucent.^[6]

Infection edit

Bloodstream infection by Lactobacilli is rare but often fatal, with 30% of endocarditis cases caused by the genus resulting in patient mortality.^[7] While L. jensenii takes advantage of nonimmunocompetence in patients, immunocompetent cases have also been observed.^[7]

Treatment edit

In the rare occurrence of infection, L. jensenii can be treated with teicoplanin and meropenem.^[7]

References edit

^ Nardis, C.; Mastromarino, P.; Mosca, L. (September 2013). "Vaginal microbiota and viral sexually transmitted diseases". Annali di Igiene. 25 (5): 443–56. doi:10.7416/ai.2013.1946. PMID 24048183.
^ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 9781455748013; Access provided by the University of Pittsburgh{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
^ Prince, Amanda L.; Antony, Kathleen M.; Chu, Derrick M.; Aagaard, Kjersti M. (2014). "The microbiome, parturition, and timing of birth: more questions than answers". Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 104–105: 12–19. doi:10.1016/j.jri.2014.03.006. ISSN 0165-0378. PMC 4157949. PMID 24793619.
^ ^a ^b May A. D. Antonio; Stephen E. Hawes; Sharon L. Hillier (12 November 1999). "The Identification of Vaginal Lactobacillus species and the Demographic and Microbiologic Characteristics of Women Colonized by These Species". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 180 (6): 1950–1956. doi:10.1086/315109. PMID 10558952.
^ Hidemi S. Yasamoto; Qiang Xu; Raina N. Fichorova (8 January 2013). "Homeostatic properties of Lactobacillus jensenii engineered as a live vaginal anti-HIV microbicide". BMC Microbiology. 13 (4): 4. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-13-4. PMC 3605260. PMID 23298379.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Lactobacillus jensenii". The Regents of the University of California, Davis campus. 18 August 2014. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Piera Assunta Fradiani; Andrea Petrucca; Fiorentina Ascenzioni; Giandomenico Di Nucci; Antonella Teggi; Silvia Bilancini; Paolo Cipriani (28 January 2010). "Endocarditis caused by Lactobacillus jensenii in an immunocompetent patient" (PDF). Journal of Medical Microbiology. 59 (5): 607–609. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.017764-0. PMID 20133416. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 December 2016.
^ ^a ^b Mitchell, Caroline; Manhart, Lisa E.; Thomas, Kathy; Fiedler, Tina; Fredricks, David N.; Marrazzo, Jeanne (2012). "Behavioral Predictors of Colonization with Lactobacillus crispatus or Lactobacillus jensenii after Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis: A Cohort Study". Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2012 (Special Issue on The Infections of Lower Genital Tract): 1–6. doi:10.1155/2012/706540. ISSN 1064-7449. PMC 3369434. PMID 22693410.
^ F. Gasser; M. Mandel; M. Rogosa (29 April 1970). "Lactobacillus jensenii sp. nov., a New Representative of the Subgenus Thermobacterium" (PDF). Journal of General Microbiology. 62 (2): 219–222. doi:10.1099/00221287-62-2-219. PMID 5493596. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 December 2016.