The Society describes its mission as to:^[6]

• Celebrate, recognise, preserve, protect, and encourage excellence in all scholarly disciplines, and in the professions, industry and commerce, the arts and public service.
• Promote the advancement of learning, scholarship, and the dissemination and application of the results of academic enquiry and research.
• Act as an independent source of expert scholarly advice and comment on matters affecting the research, scholarship and well-being of Wales and its people, and to advance public discussion and interaction on matters of national and international importance.

The Learned Society of Wales was established in 2010 (more than 225 years after the establishment of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, for example, and nearly 350 years after the establishment of the Royal Society in London). The creation of a national academy of learning was a subject of interest and discussion in Wales for some years before then but the idea was taken forward practically only in 2008, when a group of some twenty independent scholars representing the major academic disciplines came together to address the lack of a learned academy in Wales. They formed themselves into a Shadow Council for what they decided should become the Learned Society of Wales and identified further eminent scholars (almost all of them Fellows of the Royal Society or of the British Academy) who, along with the original group, became the society's sixty Founding Fellows.

In February 2010, Sir John Cadogan was elected to serve as the Society's Inaugural President and Chair of Council and, on 18 May 2010, having operated in shadow form for some months before then, the Learned Society of Wales was incorporated as a company limited by guarantee. One week later, on 25 May 2010, the Society was formally launched during a ceremony held at the National Museum in Cardiff.^[7]

The University of Wales provided a grant, office space and other infrastructure facilities at the outset and has continued to support the society. Since 2015/17, all of the country's universities have been providing financial support. Their grants are treated as contributions towards the core costs of the society and as part of its unrestricted funds, thereby ensuring the Society remains fully independent. In 2015/16, grants from the universities comprised nearly three-quarters (£217,000) of the Society's income.^{[citation needed]}

Main pages: Category: Fellows of the Learned Society of Wales

The Learned Society of Wales has over 680 Fellows, distinguished individuals from all branches of learning.

Election to fellowship is a public recognition of academic excellence.

The Society harnesses the expertise of the Fellowship to help promote awareness of how the sciences and the arts, humanities and social sciences benefit society. Fellows assist the Society in its work by serving on its various committees and working groups and by representing us nationally and internationally.

Fellowship of the Society is open to Welsh residents, those born in Wales or with a particular connection to Wales, who have a "demonstrable record of excellence and achievement" in academia, or who have made a distinguished contribution to knowledge in their professional field.^[8]

Fellows of the Learned Society of Wales are entitled to refer to themselves as such and use the initials FLSW after their name.

Fellows are elected following a rigorous process of peer review. Nominations are proposed, and seconded, by existing Fellows of the Society. The nomination papers of each candidate are then considered by the relevant Scrutiny Committee, prior to further consideration by the Council and submission to the Fellowship as a whole for confirmation and formal election.

Scrutiny Committees, made up of Fellows, operate in the following areas:

• Medicine and Medical Sciences
• Cellular, Molecular, Evolutionary, Organismal and Ecosystem Sciences
• Chemistry, Physics, Astronomy and Earth Sciences
• Computing, Mathematics and Statistics
• Engineering
• Language, Literature and the history and theory of the Creative and Performing Arts
• History, Philosophy and Theology
• Economic and Social Sciences, Education and Law
• General

Elections have been held each year since the Inaugural Election of Fellows in 2011, when 119 new Fellows joined the Society's ranks, and, as of 2019, the Society has more than 500 Fellows.

The Fellows are all prominent figures who represent a high level of international expertise and knowledge within their respective academic disciplines and professions. The Fellowship includes some of Wales's leading scholars, many of whom are also Fellows of other UK learned societies, including the Royal Society, the British Academy, the Academy of Medical Sciences, the Royal Academy of Engineering, the Academy of Social Sciences, the Institute of Physics, the Royal Society of Chemistry, and the Royal Historical Society. Two of the Fellows are Nobel Laureates.

• 2010–14 Sir John Cadogan^[9]
• 2014–2020 Sir Emyr Jones Parry^[10]
• 2020–present Professor Hywel Thomas^[10]

Past Fellows include:^[11]

• John Davies^[12]
• R. Geraint Gruffydd
• Noel Lloyd, CBE
• Brynley F. Roberts
• Meic Stephens
• Gwyn Thomas
• Howard Thomas
• Chris Williams^[13]

Current Fellows include:^[11]

• Barbara Adam
• Catherine Barnard
• Hagan Bayley
• Deirdre Beddoe
• Kirsti Bohata
• Tom Crick
• David Crystal
• Menna Elfyn
• Ilora Finlay, Baroness Finlay of Llandaff
• Haley Gomez
• Andrew Green
• Mererid Hopwood
• Medwin Hughes
• Ronald Hutton
• Rhiannon Ifans
• Sir Simon Jenkins
• Ann John
• Ruth King
• Geraint F. Lewis
• Gwyneth Lewis
• David Lloyd Jones, Lord Lloyd-Jones
• John Loughlin
• Peredur Lynch
• Laura McAllister
• Kenneth O. Morgan
• Dame Elan Closs Stephens
• Dame Helen Stokes-Lampard
• Meena Upadhyaya
• Alasdair Whittle
• Rowan Williams, Baron Williams

• UK Young Academy

• Learned Society of Wales website