Summary
Sergeant Leonard Herbert Emsden DCM was an observer and gunner aboard Royal Aircraft Factory FE.2b two-seater airplanes. He began scoring aerial victories during March 1917, continued winning through Bloody April, and capped his career as a flying ace with three victories on 1 May 1917. He was credited with a total of eight confirmed aerial triumphs.[1]
Leonard Herbert Emsden | |
|---|---|
| Born | 13 November 1893 Bosmere, Suffolk, England |
| Died | 11 November 1976 (aged 82) |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service/ | British Army |
| Years of service | 1914–1918 |
| Rank | Sergeant |
| Unit | No. 25 Squadron RFC |
| Awards | Distinguished Conduct Medal |
Early life edit
His birthplace is known to be Bosmere, Suffolk, England.[1] His parents were Laura Gant and John Arthur Emsden, who were married in Elmsett, Suffolk, England in 1888. Leonard was the middle child of five in this family, having two elder sisters and two younger brothers. They were orphaned when their father died on 7 February 1898.[2] Laura Emsden would remarry within a year, and supply another daughter to the brood.[3]
World War I edit
Emsden volunteered to join the military in 1914 during World War I to serve his country, and was sent to France in 1915. As a sergeant with the Bedfordshire Regiment, and after 79 commissioned officers were killed in one day, he personally led three bayonet charges up Hill 60 at the Second Battle of Ypres, taking his objective at the third attempt. He also served with distinction at the battles of the Somme, Cambrai, and St. Quentin. Having survived those battles, he volunteered for the Royal Flying Corps.[4]
He ended up in the Royal Flying Corps as an aircraft mechanic in No. 25 Squadron. He became a gunner on the unit's Royal Aircraft Factory FE.2b pusher aircraft.[5] As the gunner's duties were described:
- "When you stood up to shoot, all of you from the knees up was exposed to the elements. There was no (safety) belt to hold you. Only your grip on the gun and the sides of the nacelle stood between you and eternity. Toward the front of the nacelle was a hollow steel rod with a swivel mount to which the gun was anchored. This gun covered a huge field of fire forward.... You had nothing to worry about except being blown out of the aircraft by the blast of air or tossed out bodily if the pilot made a wrong move. There were no parachutes..."[6]
From March through May 1917, Emsden was an Air Mechanic 2nd Class assigned to observer/gunner's duty.[7] He was already an ace on 1 May, when he scored two victories on a morning sortie and a third one in the afternoon. He was wounded in action in the hand. His valorous feats would earn him the Distinguished Conduct Medal,[5] which was gazetted on 18 June 1917:
- 65935 2nd Class Air Mech. L. H. Emsden, R.F.C.
- For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. He has displayed the utmost gallantry and skill as an observer in aerial combats, continually bringing down his opponents with great skill and daring.[8]
Emsden would subsequently be promoted to corporal, then to sergeant[5] before returning home.
List of aerial victories edit
| No. | Date/time | Aircraft | Foe | Result | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 March 1917 @ 1115 hours |
Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2b Serial number 7693 |
LVG two-seater | Destroyed | Courrières, France | Pilot: Reginald Malcolm. Victory shared with William Drummond Matheson and observer, two other air crews |
| 2 | 17 March 1917 @ 1115 hours |
Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2b s/n 6940 |
Albatros D.III fighter | Set afire in midair | Between Oppy, Pas-de-Calais and Beaumont, France | Pilot: H. E. Davis |
| 3 | 17 March 1917 @ 1725 hours |
Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2b s/n 7683 |
Albatros D.III fighter | Driven down out of control | Arras, France | Pilot: James Leith Leith |
| 4 | 6 April 1917 @ 1045 hours |
Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2b s/n 4847 |
Halberstadt fighter | Destroyed | East of Vimy, France | Pilot: B. King |
| 5 | 13 April 1917 @ 1930 hours |
Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2b s/n A6383 |
Albatros D.III fighter | Destroyed | Hénin-Liétard, France | Pilot: Reginald Malcolm |
| 6 | 1 May 1917 @ 0620 hours |
Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2b s/n 7672 |
Albatros D.III fighter | Destroyed | Izel-lès-Hameau, France | Pilot: Reginald Malcolm |
| 7 | 1 May 1917 @ 0645 hours |
Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2b s/n 7672 |
Albatros D.III fighter | Captured | West of Lens, France | Pilot: Reginald Malcolm |
| 8 | 1 May 1918 @ 1800 hours |
Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2b s/n 7672 |
Albatros D.III fighter | Set afire in midair | Bois-Bernard, France | Pilot: Reginald Malcolm |
References edit
- ^ a b "Leonard Herbert Emsden". The Aerodrome. 2014. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
- ^ http://www.raylong.plus.com/monique/d255.html#P36774 Retrieved 27 November 2011. Archived 26 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ http://www.raylong.plus.com/monique/d285.html#P36663 Retrieved 27 November 2011. Archived 26 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Shropshire Star. 3 November 2000.
{{cite news}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ a b c d Franks et.al. (1997), p.85.
- ^ Libby (2000), pp. 136–137.
- ^ Guttman & Dempsey (2009), p.71.
- ^ "No. 30135". The London Gazette (Supplement). 18 June 1917. p. 6009.
Bibliography edit
- Franks, Norman; Guest, Russell F. & Alegi, Gregory (1997). Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. London, UK: Grub Street. ISBN 978-1-898697-56-5.
- Libby, Frederick (2000). Horses Don't Fly. Arcade Publishing. ISBN 978-1-55970-526-4.
- Guttman, Jon & Dempsey, Harry (2009). Pusher Aces of World War I. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-417-6.