Nova Scotia lifeflight is an air ambulance service that provides critical care transport for patients in Nova Scotia and the neighbouring provinces. It is part of the Emergency Health Services (EHS) system that delivers pre-hospital emergency care in the province.

Nova Scotia lifeflight was established in 1996, but its origins can be traced back to the 1960s when the Canadian Forces’ No. 413 Squadron provided medical air transportation in the Maritimes under the military’s aid to the civil power provisions. The squadron used search and rescue aircraft such as the CH-113 Labrador helicopter and the CC-115 Buffalo and CC-130 Hercules fixed-wing aircraft to transport patients from remote areas or between hospitals^[2]

In 1996, the Nova Scotia Department of Health launched the first dedicated air ambulance service in the Maritimes in partnership with CHC Helicopter Corporation and the Shock Trauma Air Rescue Society (STARS). The service was initially called EHS Air Medical Transport and used a Sikorsky S-76 helicopter and a Beechcraft King Air 200 fixed-wing aircraft to provide critical care transport for patients. The service also had specialized teams of paramedics, nurses, and physicians who could provide advanced life support and trauma care.^[3]

In 2001, STARS decided not to renew its contract with EHS, citing philosophical differences over management and fundraising. The service was renamed EHS LifeFlight and continued to operate under CHC Helicopter Corporation until 2008, when Emergency Medical Care Inc. (EMC) won the operating contract. EMC is a subsidiary of Medavie Health Services, which also operates ground ambulance services in Nova Scotia under contract for EHS.^{[4] [5] [6] [7] [8]}

In 2008, EHS LifeFlight also replaced its helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft with newer models. The helicopter was upgraded to a Sikorsky S-76C+ and the fixed-wing aircraft was changed to a Hawker 800XP. The new aircraft had more advanced features and capabilities, such as night vision, weather radar, and satellite communication.

In 2017, EHS LifeFlight added a second fixed-wing aircraft, a PAL Aerospace Beechcraft 1900, to provide non-critical care transport for patients from Yarmouth and Sydney to Halifax. The new service reduced the travel time and increased the comfort for patients, as well as freed up ambulances and paramedics for local emergency calls.^[9]

From the start of the air ambulance service on May 13, 1996, to December 31, 2003, there were 3,682 LifeFlight missions. Since then, the service has continued to grow and evolve, providing critical care transport for thousands of patients every year. As of 2020, EHS LifeFlight had completed over 15,000 missions. ^[10]

LifeFlight operates around the clock, every day of the year, to provide air medical transport for critically ill or injured patients. It has two bases in Halifax: the QEII Health Sciences Centre for adult patients and the IWK Health Centre for pediatric and neonatal patients. LifeFlight’s main function is to transfer patients who need advanced medical treatment from one hospital to another, usually to a major referral hospital or trauma centre in Halifax or Saint John.

LifeFlight has access to 82 helicopter-approved landing zones in Nova Scotia, certified by Transport Canada, as well as additional heliports in Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick. In case of a motor vehicle collision, LifeFlight can also land and take off from the highway if safe and feasible. In rural areas of Nova Scotia, LifeFlight can use volunteer fire departments and Department of Natural Resources depots as landing sites if there is enough rotor clearance.

LifeFlight’s primary mode of air ambulance transport is a Sikorsky S-76-C helicopter, owned and operated by Canadian Helicopters Limited. LifeFlight has two of these helicopters, one as a backup, since January 2017, when EHS signed a $105 million 15-year contract with the company. These helicopters are certified by Transport Canada to land on H1 helipads, which are located on hospital rooftops. The only hospitals in the Maritimes with rooftop helipads are the IWK Health Centre, the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, and the Digby General Hospital. Before 2017, LifeFlight used a Sikorsky S-76-A helicopter, which was not allowed to land on rooftop helipads after Transport Canada changed its regulations in 2016. LifeFlight’s secondary mode of air ambulance transport is a Beechcraft King Air 200 fixed-wing aircraft, which is used for longer distances or when the helicopter is unavailable.^[11]

LifeFlight has received several awards and honours for its air medical services, such as:

• The Air Medical Safety Award from the Association of Air Medical Services in 2009 for its outstanding commitment to safety culture and practices.^[12]
• The Innovation in Health Care Award from the Canadian College of Health Service Executives in 2010, for developing and implementing the LifeFlight Transport Medicine Program, which provides standardized training and certification for its crew members.^[13]
• The Sikorsky Humanitarian Service Award from Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation in 2012, for its remarkable achievements in saving lives and alleviating human suffering through its helicopter missions.^[14]