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Limax 
Summary
Limax is a genus of air-breathing land slugs in the terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk family Limacidae.
| Limax | |
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| Limax maximus | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Heterobranchia |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Family: | Limacidae |
| Subfamily: | Limacinae |
| Genus: | Limax Linnaeus, 1758[1] |
| Species | |
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at least 33, see text | |
| Synonyms | |
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List
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The generic name Limax literally means "slug".
Some species, such as the leopard slug (L. maximus) and the tawny garden slug (Limacus flavus), are considered garden pests.[2]
The genus Limax sensu stricto is probably monophyletic.[3]
Distribution edit
This genus is native to Europe, but at least one species (L. maximus) has been introduced into North America.
Species edit
The genus Limax includes at least 33 species:[4]
- Limax aeolianus Giusti, 1973
- Limax albipes Dumont & Mortillet, 1853
- Limax amaliae Bettoni, 1870
- Limax bielzii Seibert, 1873
- Limax brandstetteri Falkner, 2008[5]
- Limax camerani Lessona & Pollonera, 1882
- Limax canapicianus Pollonera, 1885
- Limax cephalonicus Simroth, 1886
- Limax ciminensis Pollonera, 1890
- Limax cinereoniger Wolf, 1803 (syn. Limax alpinus Férussac, 1822)[6]
- Limax conemenosi Böttger, 1882
- Limax corsicus Moquin-Tandon, 1855
- Limax dacampi Menegazzi, 1854
- Limax dacampi dacampi Menegazzi, 1855
- Limax dobrogicus Grossu & Lupu, 1960
- Limax doriae Bourguignat, 1861
- Limax engadinensis Heynemann, 1863
- Limax erythrus Bourguignat, 1864
- Limax gerhardti Niethammer, 1937
- Limax giovannellae Falkner & Niederhöfer, 2008
- Limax giustii Falkner & Nitz, 2010
- Limax graciadeii Gerhardt, 1940
- Limax graecus Simroth, 1889
- Limax granosus Bérenguier, 1900
- Limax hemmeni Rähle, 1983
- Limax ianninii Giusti, 1973
- Limax ilvensis Falkner & Nitz, 2010
- Limax lachensis Bérenguier, 1900
- Limax luctuosus Moquin-Tandon, 1855
- Limax maximus Linnaeus, 1758 - great grey slug
- Limax millipunctatus Pini, 1885
- Limax monolineatus Bettoni, 1870
- Limax monregalensis Lessona & Pollonera, 1882
- Limax pironae Pini, 1876
- Limax polipunctatus Pollonera, 1888
- Limax punctulatus Sordelli, 1871
- Limax redii Gerhardt, 1933
- Limax samensis Heim & Nitz, 2009[6]
- Limax squamosus Bérenguier, 1900
- Limax strobeli Pini, 1876
- Limax subalpinus Lessona, 1880
- Limax tschapecki Simroth, 1886
- Limax veronensis Lessona & Pollonera, 1882
- Limax vizzavonensis Falkner & Nitz, 2010
- Limax wohlberedti Simroth, 1900
- Limax wolterstorffi Simroth, 1900
- Limax zilchi Grossu & Lupu, 1960
Subgenus Limacus (more often today treated as its own genus) edit
- Limax ecarinatus Boettger, 1881: synonym of Limacus maculatus (Kaleniczenko, 1851)
- Limax flavus Linnaeus, 1758 yellow garden slug, tawny garden slug: synonym of Limacus flavus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms edit
- Limax marginatus Müller, 1774 is a synonym for Lehmannia marginata (Müller, 1774)
- Limax valentianus Férussac, 1822 is a synonym for Ambigolimax valentianus (Férussac, 1822)
- Limax nyctelius Bourguignat, 1861 is now placed in the genus Letourneuxia but the name has been used for Lehmannia carpatica (Bourguignat, 1861) and Ambigolimax waterstoni Hutchinson, Reise & Schlitt, 2022[7]
References edit
- ^ Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. pp. [1-4], 1-824. Holmiae. (Salvius).
- ^ Ebeling. W. Chapter 12: Miscellaneous Pests. Archived 2013-06-06 at the Wayback Machine Urban Entomology. Department of Entomology. UC Riverside. 2002.
- ^ Klee, B. 2006 Towards a phylogeny of Limax (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Archived 2008-11-21 at the Wayback Machine The Malacologist. Molluscan Forum 2006.
- ^ Species in genus Limax. AnimalBase. Accessed 5 May 2009.
- ^ Falkner, G. (2008). Limax (Limax) brandstetteri n. sp. – ein neuer Hochgebirgsschnegel aus den Abruzzen (Gastropoda: Limacidae). Limax (Limax) brandstetteri n. sp. – a new high mountain slug from the Abruzzi Mountains (Gastropoda: Limacidae). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie. 1: 133-142.
- ^ a b Nitz, B., et al. (2009). Towards a new standard in slug species descriptions: the case of Limax sarnensis Heim & Nitz n. sp. (Pulmonata: Limacidae) from the Western Central Alps. Journal of Molluscan Studies 75(3): 279-294. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyp030.
- ^ Hutchinson, John M.C.; Reise, Heike; Schlitt, Bettina (30 June 2022). "Will the real Limax nyctelius please step forward: Lehmannia, Ambigolimax, or Malacolimax? No, Letourneuxia!". Archiv für Molluskenkunde. 151 (1): 19–41. doi:10.1127/arch.moll/151/019-041. S2CID 250188836.