Limiting_parallel Knowpia

In neutral or absolute geometry, and in hyperbolic geometry, there may be many lines parallel to a given line $l$ through a point $P$ not on line $R$ ; however, in the plane, two parallels may be closer to $l$ than all others (one in each direction of $R$ ).

The two lines through a given point P and limiting parallel to line R.

Thus it is useful to make a new definition concerning parallels in neutral geometry. If there are closest parallels to a given line they are known as the limiting parallel, asymptotic parallel or horoparallel (horo from Greek: ὅριον — border).

For rays, the relation of limiting parallel is an equivalence relation, which includes the equivalence relation of being coterminal.

If, in a hyperbolic triangle, the pairs of sides are limiting parallel, then the triangle is an ideal triangle.

Definition edit

The ray Aa is a limiting parallel to Bb, written:

Aa|||Bb

A ray $Aa$ is a limiting parallel to a ray $Bb$ if they are coterminal or if they lie on distinct lines not equal to the line $AB$ , they do not meet, and every ray in the interior of the angle $BAa$ meets the ray $Bb$ .^[1]

Properties edit

Distinct lines carrying limiting parallel rays do not meet.

Proof edit

Suppose that the lines carrying distinct parallel rays met. By definition they cannot meet on the side of $AB$ which either $a$ is on. Then they must meet on the side of $AB$ opposite to $a$ , call this point $C$ . Thus $\angle CAB+\angle CBA<2{\text{ right angles}}\Rightarrow \angle aAB+\angle bBA>2{\text{ right angles}}$ . Contradiction.

References edit

^ Hartshorne, Robin (2000). Geometry: Euclid and beyond (Corr. 2nd print. ed.). New York, NY [u.a.]: Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-98650-0.

[1] Hartshorne, Robin (2000). Geometry: Euclid and beyond (Corr. 2nd print. ed.). New York, NY [u.a.]: Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-98650-0.

[1]

Summary

Definition edit

Properties edit

Proof edit

See also edit

References edit