Summary
The Alismatales (alismatids) are an order of flowering plants including about 4500 species. Plants assigned to this order are mostly tropical or aquatic. Some grow in fresh water, some in marine habitats.
The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the angiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses - as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.[1]
23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[2] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.[3]
The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[4]
11 families are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.
Alismataceae edit
Family Alismataceae,[4] (7 species)
Alisma edit
- Alisma plantago-aquatica L. not indigenous, invasive
Burnatia edit
- Burnatia enneandra P.Micheli, indigenous
Echinodorus edit
Genus Echinodorus:[4]
- Echinodorus cordifolius (L.) Griseb. not indigenous, invasive
- Echinodorus tenellus (Mart. ex Schult.f.) Buchenau, not indigenous, invasive
Limnophyton edit
Genus Limnophyton:[4]
- Limnophyton obtusifolium (L.) Miq. indigenous
Sagittaria edit
Genus Sagittaria:[4]
- Sagittaria latifolia Willd. not indigenous, invasive
- Sagittaria platyphylla (Engelm.) J.G.Sm. not indigenous, cultivated. invasive
Aponogetonaceae edit
Family Aponogetonaceae,[4] (9 species)
Aponogeton edit
Genus Aponogeton:[4]
- Aponogeton angustifolius Aiton, endemic
- Aponogeton desertorum Zeyh. ex A.Spreng. indigenous
- Aponogeton distachyos L.f. endemic
- Aponogeton fugax J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, endemic
- Aponogeton junceus Lehm. indigenous
- Aponogeton junceus Lehm. subsp. natalense (Oliv.) Oberm. accepted as Aponogeton natalensis Oliv.
- Aponogeton junceus Lehm. subsp. rehmannii (Oliv.) Oberm. accepted as Aponogeton rehmannii Oliv.
- Aponogeton natalensis Oliv. endemic
- Aponogeton ranunculiflorus Jacot Guill. & Marais, indigenous
- Aponogeton rehmannii Oliv. indigenous
- Aponogeton stuhlmannii Engl. indigenous
Araceae edit
Arum edit
- Arum italicum Mill. not indigenous, cultivated, invasive
Colocasia edit
- Colocasia antiquorum Schott var. esculenta Schott accepted as Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, not indigenous, invasive
- Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, not indigenous, cultivated, invasive
Epipremnum edit
Genus Epipremnum:[4]
- Epipremnum aureum (Linden & Andre) G.S.Bunting, not indigenous, cultivated, invasive
Gonatopus edit
- Gonatopus angustus N.E.Br. indigenous
- Gonatopus boivinii (Decne.) Engl. indigenous
Monstera edit
- Monstera deliciosa Liebm. not indigenous, cultivated, invasive
Pistia edit
- Pistia stratiotes L. not indigenous, cultivated, invasive
Stylochaeton edit
Genus Stylochaeton:[4]
- Stylochaeton natalensis Schott, indigenous
Syngonium edit
- Syngonium podophyllum Schott, not indigenous, cultivated, invasive
Zamioculcas edit
Genus Zamioculcas:[4]
- Zamioculcas zamiifolia (Lodd.) Engl. indigenous
Zantedeschia edit
Genus Zantedeschia:[4]
- Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng. indigenous
- Zantedeschia albomaculata (Hook.) Baill. indigenous
- Zantedeschia albomaculata (Hook.) Baill. subsp. albomaculata indigenous
- Zantedeschia albomaculata (Hook.) Baill. subsp. macrocarpa (Engl.) Letty, indigenous
- Zantedeschia albomaculata (Hook.) Baill. subsp. valida Letty, accepted as Zantedeschia valida (Letty) Y.Singh
- Zantedeschia elliottiana (W.Watson) Engl. endemic
- Zantedeschia jucunda Letty, endemic
- Zantedeschia odorata P.L.Perry, endemic
- Zantedeschia pentlandii (R.Whyte ex W.Watson) Wittm. endemic
- Zantedeschia rehmannii Engl. indigenous
- Zantedeschia valida (Letty) Y.Singh, endemic
Cymodoceaceae edit
Family Cymodoceaceae,[4]
Halodule edit
- Halodule uninervis (Forssk.) Asch. indigenous
Thalassodendron edit
Genus Thalassodendron:[4]
- Thalassodendron ciliatum (Forssk.) Hartog, indigenous
Hydrocharitaceae edit
Family Hydrocharitaceae,[4]
Egeria edit
- Egeria densa Planch. not indigenous, invasive
Elodea edit
- Elodea canadensis Michx. not indigenous, invasive
Halophila edit
- Halophila ovalis (R.Br.) Hook.f.indigenous
- Halophila ovalis (R.Br.) Hook.f. subsp. ovalis indigenous
Hydrilla edit
- Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, not indigenous, invasive
Lagarosiphon edit
Genus Lagarosiphon:[4]
- Lagarosiphon cordofanus Casp. indigenous
- Lagarosiphon major (Ridl.) Moss ex Wager, indigenous
- Lagarosiphon muscoides Harv. indigenous
- Lagarosiphon verticillifolius Oberm. indigenous
Najas edit
- Najas graminea Delile, indigenous
- Najas graminea Delile, var. graminea, indigenous
- Najas horrida A.Braun ex Rendle, indigenous
- Najas marina L. ex Magnus, indigenous
- Najas marina L. ex Magnus subsp. armata (H.Lindb.) Horn, indigenous
- Najas setacea (A.Br.) Rendle, indigenous
Ottelia edit
- Ottelia exserta (Ridl.) Dandy, indigenous
- Ottelia ulvifolia (Planch.) Walp. indigenous
- Ottelia vernayi Bremek. & Oberm. accepted as Ottelia ulvifolia (Planch.) Walp.
Vallisneria edit
Genus Vallisneria:[4]
- Vallisneria aethiopica Fenzl, accepted as Vallisneria spiralis L.
- Vallisneria spiralis L., indigenous
Juncaginaceae edit
Family Juncaginaceae,[4]
Triglochin edit
Genus Triglochin:[4]
- Triglochin buchenaui Kocke, Mering, Kadereit, indigenous
- Triglochin bulbosa L. indigenous
- Triglochin bulbosa L. subsp. bulbosa, endemic
- Triglochin bulbosa L. subsp. calcicola Mering, Kocke & Kadereit, indigenous
- Triglochin bulbosa L. subsp. quarcicola Mering, Kocke & Kadereit, endemic
- Triglochin bulbosa L. subsp. tenuifolia (Adamson) Horn, endemic
- Triglochin elongata Buchenau accepted as Triglochin bulbosa L.
- Triglochin milnei Horn, indigenous
- Triglochin striata Ruiz & Pav. indigenous
Lemnaceae edit
Lemna edit
- Lemna aequinoctialis Welw. indigenous
- Lemna gibba L. indigenous
- Lemna minor L. indigenous
Spirodela edit
- Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. indigenous
- Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps. indigenous
Wolffia edit
- Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Horkel ex Wimm. indigenous
- Wolffia globosa (Roxb.) Hartog & Plas, indigenous
Wolffiella edit
Genus Wolffiella:[4]
- Wolffiella denticulata (Hegelm.) Hegelm. endemic
- Wolffiella welwitschii (Hegelm.) Monod, indigenous
Limnocharitaceae edit
Family Limnocharitaceae,[4]
Hydrocleys edit
Genus Hydrocleys:[4]
- Hydrocleys nymphoides (Willd.) Buchenau, not indigenous, invasive
Tenagocharis edit
Genus Tenagocharis:[4]
- Tenagocharis latifolia (D.Don) Buchenau, accepted as Butomopsis latifolia (D.Don) Kunth
Potamogetonaceae edit
Family Potamogetonaceae,[4]
Althenia edit
- Althenia filiformis F.Petit, indigenous
Potamogeton edit
Genus Potamogeton:[4]
- Potamogeton crispus L. indigenous
- Potamogeton nodosus Poir. indigenous
- Potamogeton octandrus Poir. indigenous
- Potamogeton pectinatus L. indigenous
- Potamogeton pusillus L. indigenous
- Potamogeton richardii Solms, indigenous
- Potamogeton schweinfurthii A.Benn. indigenous
- Potamogeton subjavanicus Hagstr. accepted as Potamogeton pusillus L.
- Potamogeton thunbergii Cham. & Schltdl. accepted as Potamogeton nodosus Poir. indigenous
- Potamogeton trichoides Cham. & Schltdl. indigenous
- Potamogeton venosus A.Benn. accepted as Potamogeton schweinfurthii A.Benn.
Pseudoalthenia edit
Genus Pseudoalthenia:[4]
- Pseudoalthenia aschersoniana (Graebn.) Hartog, endemic
Zannichellia edit
Genus Zannichellia:[4]
- Zannichellia palustris L. indigenous
Ruppiaceae edit
Family Ruppiaceae,[4]
Ruppia edit
- Ruppia cirrhosa (Petagna) Grande, indigenous
- Ruppia maritima L. indigenous
Zosteraceae edit
Family Zosteraceae,[4]
Nanozostera edit
Genus Nanozostera:[4]
- Nanozostera capensis (Setch.) Toml. & Posl. accepted as Zostera capensis Setch.
Zostera edit
- Zostera capensis Setch. indigenous
References edit
- ^ Doyle, J. A.; Donoghue, M. J. (1986). "Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of the angiosperms - an experimental cladistic approach". Botanical Review. 52 (4): 321–431. doi:10.1007/bf02861082.
- ^ Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019). "Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
- ^ "Vegetation of South Africa". PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az "species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 27 September 2020.