List_of_Cucurbitales_of_South_Africa Knowpia

The Cucurbitales are an order of flowering plants, included in the rosid group of dicotyledons with a cosmopolitan distribution, particularly diverse in the tropics. The order includes shrubs and trees, together with many herbs and climbers. One major characteristic of the Cucurbitales is the presence of unisexual flowers, mostly pentacyclic, with thick pointed petals (whenever present).^[1] The pollination is usually performed by insects, but wind pollination is also present (in Coriariaceae and Datiscaceae).

The order consists of roughly 2600 species in eight families. The largest families are Begoniaceae (begonia family) with around 1500 species and Cucurbitaceae (gourd family) with around 900 species. These two families include the only economically important plants. Specifically, the Cucurbitaceae (gourd family) include some food species, such as squash, pumpkin (both from Cucurbita), watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris), and cucumber and melons (Cucumis). The Begoniaceae are known for their horticultural species, of which there are over 130 with many more varieties.

The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the angiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses - as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.^[2]

23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.^[3] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.^[4]

The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).^[5]

Two families are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.

Begoniaceae edit

Family: Begoniaceae,^[5]

Begonia edit

Genus Begonia:^[5]

Begonia cucullata Willd. not indigenous, naturalised
Begonia dregei Otto & A.Dietr. endemic
Begonia geranioides Hook.f. endemic
Begonia hirtella Link, not indigenous, naturalised
Begonia homonyma Steud. endemic
Begonia sonderiana Irmsch. indigenous
- Begonia sonderiana Irmsch. var. transgrediens Irmsch. accepted as Begonia sonderiana Irmsch. present
Begonia sutherlandii Hook.f. indigenous
- Begonia sutherlandii Hook.f. subsp. sutherlandii, indigenous

Cucurbitaceae edit

Family: Cucurbitaceae,^[5]

Acanthosicyos edit

Genus Acanthosicyos:^[5]

Acanthosicyos horridus Welw. ex Hook.f. indigenous
Acanthosicyos naudinianus (Sond.) C.Jeffrey, indigenous

Citrullus edit

Genus Citrullus:^[5]

Citrullus ecirrhosus Cogn. indigenous
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai, indigenous

Coccinia edit

Genus Coccinia:^[5]

Coccinia adoensis (A.Rich.) Cogn. indigenous
Coccinia hirtella Cogn. indigenous
Coccinia mackenii Naudin ex C.Huber, indigenous
Coccinia palmata (Sond.) Cogn. accepted as Coccinia mackenii Naudin ex C.Huber, present
Coccinia quinqueloba (Thunb.) Cogn. endemic
Coccinia rehmannii Cogn. indigenous
Coccinia sessilifolia (Sond.) Cogn. indigenous
Coccinia variifolia A.Meeuse, endemic

Corallocarpus edit

Genus Corallocarpus:^[5]

Corallocarpus bainesii (Hook.f.) A.Meeuse, indigenous
Corallocarpus dissectus Cogn. indigenous
Corallocarpus schinzii Cogn. indigenous
Corallocarpus triangularis Cogn. indigenous

Ctenolepis edit

Genus Ctenolepis:^[5]

Ctenolepis cerasiformis (Stocks) Hook.f. indigenous

Cucumella edit

Genus Cucumella:^[5]

Cucumella aspera (Cogn.) C.Jeffrey, accepted as Cucumis asper Cogn.
Cucumella bryoniifolia (Merxm.) C.Jeffrey, accepted as Cucumis bryoniifolius (Merxm.) Ghebret. & Thulin, indigenous
Cucumella cinerea (Cogn.) C.Jeffrey, accepted as Cucumis cinereus (Cogn.) Ghebret. & Thulin, indigenous
Cucumella clavipetiolata J.H.Kirkbr. accepted as Cucumis clavipetiolatus (J.H.Kirkbr.) Ghebret. & Thulin

Cucumis edit

Genus Cucumis:^[5]

Cucumis africanus L.f. indigenous
Cucumis anguria L. indigenous
- Cucumis anguria L. var. longaculeatus J.H.Kirkbr. indigenous
Cucumis ficifolius A.Rich., indigenous
Cucumis heptadactylus Naudin, endemic
Cucumis hirsutus Sond. indigenous
Cucumis humifructus Stent, indigenous
Cucumis kalahariensis A.Meeuse, indigenous
Cucumis maderaspatanus L. indigenous
Cucumis meeusei C.Jeffrey, indigenous
Cucumis melo L. indigenous
- Cucumis melo L. subsp. agrestis (Naudin) Pangalo, indigenous
- Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo, indigenous
Cucumis metuliferus E.Mey. ex Naudin, indigenous
Cucumis myriocarpus Naudin, indigenous
- Cucumis myriocarpus Naudin subsp. leptodermis (Schweick.) C.Jeffrey & P.Halliday, indigenous
- Cucumis myriocarpus Naudin subsp. myriocarpus, indigenous
Cucumis oreosyce H.Schaef. indigenous
Cucumis prophetarum L., indigenous
Cucumis quintanilhae R.Fern. & A.Fern. indigenous
Cucumis rigidus E.Mey. ex Sond. indigenous
Cucumis sagittatus Peyr. indigenous
Cucumis zeyheri Sond. indigenous

Diplocyclos edit

Genus Diplocyclos:^[5]

Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C.Jeffrey, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive

Gerrardanthus edit

Genus Gerrardanthus:^[5]

Gerrardanthus macrorhizus Harv. ex Hook.f. indigenous
Gerrardanthus tomentosus Hook.f. endemic

Kedrostis edit

Genus Kedrostis:^[5]

Kedrostis africana (L.) Cogn. indigenous
Kedrostis capensis (Sond.) A.Meeuse, indigenous
Kedrostis crassirostrata Bremek. indigenous
Kedrostis foetidissima (Jacq.) Cogn. indigenous
Kedrostis hirtella (Naudin) Cogn. accepted as Kedrostis leloja (Forssk.) C.Jeffrey, indigenous
Kedrostis leloja (Forssk.) C.Jeffrey, indigenous
Kedrostis limpompensis C.Jeffrey, accepted as Kedrostis limpopoensis C.Jeffrey, present
Kedrostis limpopoensis C.Jeffrey, indigenous
Kedrostis nana (Lam.) Cogn. indigenous
- Kedrostis nana (Lam.) Cogn. var. nana, endemic
- Kedrostis nana (Lam.) Cogn. var. schlechteri (Cogn.) A.Meeuse, endemic
- Kedrostis nana (Lam.) Cogn. var. zeyheri (Schrad.) A.Meeuse, endemic
Kedrostis psammophylla Bruyns, endemic

Lagenaria edit

Genus Lagenaria:^[5]

Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. indigenous
Lagenaria sphaerica (Sond.) Naudin, indigenous

Momordica edit

Genus Momordica:^[5]

Momordica balsamina L. indigenous
Momordica boivinii Baill. indigenous
Momordica cardiospermoides Klotzsch, indigenous
Momordica charantia L. not indigenous, naturalised
Momordica foetida Schumach. indigenous
Momordica repens Bremek. indigenous

Mukia edit

Genus Mukia:^[5]

Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M.Roem. accepted as Cucumis maderaspatanus L. indigenous

Oreosyce edit

Genus Oreosyce:^[5]

Oreosyce africana Hook.f. accepted as Cucumis oreosyce H.Schaef. indigenous

Peponium edit

Genus Peponium:^[5]

Peponium caledonicum (Sond.) Engl. indigenous
Peponium mackenii (Naudin) Engl. endemic

Pilogyne edit

Genus Pilogyne:^[5]

Pilogyne marlothii (Cogn.) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes, indigenous
Pilogyne parvifolia (Cogn.) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes, indigenous

Trochomeria edit

Genus Trochomeria:^[5]

Trochomeria debilis (Sond.) Hook.f. indigenous
Trochomeria hookeri Harv. indigenous
Trochomeria macrocarpa (Sond.) Hook.f. indigenous
- Trochomeria macrocarpa (Sond.) Hook.f. subsp. macrocarpa, indigenous
Trochomeria sagittata (Harv. ex Sond.) Cogn. indigenous

Zehneria edit

Genus Zehneria:^[5]

Zehneria marlothii (Cogn.) R.Fern. & A.Fern. accepted as Pilogyne marlothii (Cogn.) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes, indigenous
Zehneria parvifolia (Cogn.) J.H.Ross, accepted as Pilogyne parvifolia (Cogn.) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes, indigenous
Zehneria scabra (L.f.) Sond. subsp. scabra, accepted as Pilogyne scabra (L.f.) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes, indigenous

References edit

^ Matthews ML, Endress PK (2004). "Comparative floral structure and systematics in Cucurbitales (Corynocarpaceae, Coriariaceae, Tetramelaceae, Datiscaceae, Begoniaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Anisophylleaceae)". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 145 (2): 129–185. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2003.00281.x.
^ Doyle, J. A.; Donoghue, M. J. (1986). "Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of the angiosperms - an experimental cladistic approach". Botanical Review. 52 (4): 321–431. doi:10.1007/bf02861082. S2CID 44844947.
^ Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019). "Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
^ "Vegetation of South Africa". PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v "species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 27 September 2020.