The list of IBM products is a partial list of products, services, and subsidiaries of International Business Machines (IBM) Corporation and its predecessor corporations, beginning in the 1890s.[1]
IBM 526 Printing Summary Punch, ca. 1948, with French keyboard layout
Context
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Products, services, and subsidiaries have been offered from International Business Machines (IBM) Corporation and its predecessor corporations since the 1890s.[1] This list comprises those offerings and is eclectic; it includes, for example, the AN/FSQ-7, which was not a product in the sense of offered for sale, but was a product in the sense of manufactured—produced by the labor of IBM. Several machines manufactured for the Astronomical Computing Bureau at Columbia University are included, as are some machines built only as demonstrations of IBM technology. Missing are many RPQs, OEM products (semiconductors, for example), and supplies (punched cards, for example). These products and others are missing simply because no one has added them.
IBM sometimes uses the same number for a system and for the principal component of that system. For example, the IBM 604 Calculating Unit is a component of the IBM 604 Calculating Punch. And different IBM divisions used the same model numbers; for example IBM 01 without context clues could be a reference to a keypunch or to IBM's first electric typewriter.
Number sequence may not correspond to product development sequence. For example, the 402 tabulator was an improved, modernized 405.[2]
IBM uses two naming structures for its modern hardware products. Products are normally given a three- or four-digit machine type and a model number (it can be a mix of letters and numbers). A product may also have a marketing or brand name. For instance, 2107 is the machine type for the IBM System Storage DS8000. While the majority of products are listed here by machine type, there are instances where only a marketing or brand name is used. Care should be taken when searching for a particular product as sometimes the type and model numbers overlap. For instance the IBM storage product known as the Enterprise Storage Server is machine type 2105, and the IBM printing product known as the IBM Infoprint 2105 is machine type 2705, so searching for an IBM 2105 could result in two different products—or the wrong product—being found.
IBM introduced the 80-column rectangular hole punched card in 1928. Pre-1928 machine models that continued in production with the new 80-column card format had the same model number as before. Machines manufactured prior to 1928 were, in some cases, retrofitted with 80-column card readers and/or punches thus there existed machines with pre-1928 dates of manufacture that contain 1928 technology.
This list is organized by classifications of both machines and applications, rather than by product name. Thus some (few) entries will be duplicated. The 1420, for example, is listed both as a member of the 1401 family and as a machine for Bank and finance.
IBM product names have varied over the years; for example these two texts both reference the same product.
Mechanical Key Punch, Type 1 (in Machine Methods of Accounting, IBM, 1936)
Mechanical Punch, Type 001 (in IBM Electric Punched Card Accounting Machines: Principles of Operation, IBM, 1946)
This article uses the name, or combination of names, most descriptive of the product. Thus the entry for the above is
IBM 001: Mechanical Key Punch
Products of The Tabulating Machine Company can be identified by date, before 1933 when the subsidiaries were merged into IBM.
IBM dictation machines are always referenced by family and model name and never by machine type. In fact the models are sometimes mistakenly taken to be machine types. There are three brand names and several well known models:
IBM Executary dictation equipment line (1960-1972).
IBM Executary Model 211 Dictation Machine (6165-211)
IBM Executary Model 212 Transcribing Machine (6166-212)[77]
IBM also sold a range of copier supplies including paper rolls (marketed as IBM General Copy Bond), cut sheet paper (marketed as IBM multi-system paper) and toner.
The IBM line of Copier/Duplicators, and their associated service contracts, were sold to Eastman Kodak in 1988.[82]
IBM 7622: IBM 7080 Signal Control (vacuum tube peripherals)
IBM 7631: IBM 7080 File Control
IBM 7640: IBM 7080 Hypertape Control
IBM 7800: IBM 7080 Power Converter
IBM 7801: IBM 7080 Power Control
IBM 7908: IBM 7080 Data Channel (8 bit)
IBM 7090 series: 7040, 7044, 7090, 7094, 7094 II
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IBM 7040: Low-cost version of 7094; 1963[6] Included an extension to the 7090/7094 instruction set to handle character string(s) thus improving the speed of commercial applications (COBOL).
IBM 1401: IBM 7040 card, printer, magnetic tape, tele-processing input/output[135]
IBM 7044: Low-cost version of 7094; 1963[6] This was a high performance version of the 7040 with the same extensions to the 7090/7094 instruction set; it also attached 7094 I/O devices.
IBM 2020: System/360 Model 20 Central Processing Unit; almost a 360: 1966
IBM 2022: System/360 Model 22 Central Processing Unit; small range 360
IBM 2025: System/360 Model 25 Central Processing Unit; small range 360
IBM 2030: System/360 Model 30 Central Processing Unit; small range 360
IBM 2040: System/360 Model 40 Central Processing Unit; small range 360
IBM 2044: System/360 Model 44 Central Processing Unit; scientific 360; business with special feature
IBM 2050: System/360 Model 50 Central Processing Unit; mid range 360
IBM 2060: System/360 Models 60 and 62 Central Processing Unit; mid-range 360; announced but never released
IBM 2064: System/360 Models 64 and 66 Central Processing Unit; mid range 360; multi-processor with virtual memory (DAT); announced but never released
IBM 2065: System/360 Model 65 Central Processing Unit; mid range 360: used by NASA in Apollo project
IBM 2067: System/360 Model 67 Central Processing Unit; mid range 360; multi-processor with virtual memory (DAT)
IBM 2070: System/360 Model 70 Central Processing Unit; high range 360; announced but never released
IBM 2075: System/360 Model 75 Central Processing Unit; high range 360
IBM 2085: System/360 Model 85 Central Processing Unit; high range 360
IBM 5450: Display console used with Model 85 (80 characters x 35 lines)
IBM 2091: System/360 Model 91 Central Processing Unit; high range 360
IBM 2095: System/360 Model 95 Central Processing Unit; high range 360
IBM 2195: System/360 Model 195 Central Processing Unit; high range 360
IBM 3031: System/370-compatible mainframe; high range (first series to incorporate integral, i.e., internal, stand-alone channels, these being stripped-down 3158-type CPUs, but operating in "channel mode", only)
IBM 3017: Power Distribution Unit/Motor Generator (3031 processor complex)
IBM 3032: System/370-compatible mainframe; high range (first series to incorporate integral, i.e., internal, stand-alone channels, these being stripped-down 3158-type CPUs, but operating in "channel mode", only)
IBM 3027: Power and Coolant Distribution Unit (3032 processor complex)
IBM 3033: System/370-compatible multiprocessor complex; high range; 1977 (first series to incorporate integral, i.e., internal, stand-alone channels, these being stripped-down 3158-type CPUs, but operating in "channel mode", only)
IBM 3037: Power and Coolant Distribution Unit (3033 processor complex)
IBM 3036: Dual-display (operator's) console, shipped with 303X
IBM 3038: Multiprocessor Communication Unit for 3033 MP
IBM 3042: Attached processor for 3033 Model A
IBM 3081: System/370-compatible dual-processor mainframe; high range; models: D, G, G2, GX, K (1981), K2, KX (2 = enhanced version); 1980
IBM 3082: Processor Controller
IBM 3087: Coolant Distribution Unit
IBM 3089: Power Unit
IBM 3083: System/370-compatible mainframe, single processor 3081; high range; models: B (1982), B2, BX, CX, E (1982), E2, EX, J (1982), J2, JX
IBM 3084: System/370-compatible Quad-processor mainframe; high range; 3081 + 3081 with same serial number, but two on/off switches; models: Q 2-way, Q 2-way2, QX 2-way, Q 4-way, Q 4-way2, QX 4-way; 1982
IBM 3090: System/370 mainframe; high range; J series supersedes S series. Models: 150, 150E, 180, 200 (1985), 400 2-way (1985), 400 4-way (1985), 600E (1987), 600S (1988). A 400 actually consists of two 200s mounted together in a single frame. Although it provides an enormous computing power, some limits, like CSA size, are still fixed by the 16MB line in MVS.
IBM 3097: Power and Coolant Distribution Unit
IBM 3115: System/370 Model 115 Central Processing Unit; small range
IBM 3125: System/370 Model 125 Central Processing Unit; small range
IBM 3135: System/370 Model 135 Central Processing Unit; small range
IBM 3145: System/370 Model 145 Central Processing Unit; small range
IBM 3155: System/370 Model 155 Central Processing Unit; mid range; without virtual memory [DAT] unless upgraded to 155-II
IBM 3165: System/370 Model 165 Central Processing Unit; mid range; without virtual memory [DAT] unless upgraded to 165-II
IBM 3066: Display console used with Models 165 and 166 (80 characters x 35 lines)
IBM 3138: System/370 Model 138 Central Processing Unit; small range;
IBM 3148: System/370 Model 148 Central Processing Unit; small range;
IBM 3158: System/370 Model 158 Central Processing Unit; mid range;
IBM 3168: System/370 Model 168 Central Processing Unit; high range;
IBM 3066: Display console used with Models 165 and 166 (80 characters x 35 lines)
IBM 3195: System/370 Model 195 Central Processing Unit; high range; without virtual memory [DAT]
IBM 5160 Model 588: PC XT/370, a PC XT with a special add-in card containing an Intel 8087 math coprocessor and two modified Motorola 68000 chips to execute/emulate the System/370 instructions—1983.
IBM 5085: Graphics Processor. Part of IBM 5080 Graphics System for System/370.
IBM 5088: Graphics Channel Controller. Part of IBM 5080 Graphics System for System/370.
IBM 6090: High-end graphics system for the System/370
IBM 6153: Advanced monochrome graphics display
IBM 6154: Advanced color graphics display
IBM 6155: Extended monochrome graphics display
Data storage units
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Core storage
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IBM 2360: Processor Storage for the (never shipped) IBM System/360 models 60 and 64
IBM 2361: Large Capacity Storage for the IBM System/360 models 50, 60, 62, 65, 70, and 75
IBM 2362: Processor Storage for the (never shipped) IBM System/360 models 62, 66, 68 and 70
IBM 2365: Processor Storage for the IBM System/360 models 65, 67, 75 and 85
IBM 2385: Processor Storage for the IBM System/360 model 85
IBM 2395: Processor Storage for the IBM System/360 models 91 and 95
Direct-access storage devices
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In IBM's terminology beginning with the System/360 disk and such devices featuring short access times were collectively called DASD. The IBM 2321 Data Cell is a DASD that used tape as its storage medium. See also history of IBM magnetic disk drives.
IBM 3290: Gas panel display terminal with 62x160 screen configurable with one to four logical screens, each of which could be further subdivided into partitions under software control; 1983
IBM 3192: Monochrome display station, configurable to 80 columns (24, 32 or 43 rows), 132 columns (27 rows). Record and playback keystrokes function. All configuration done through keyboard.
IBM 3486: 3487, 3488 "Info Window" twinax displays
IBM 2215: 15" Multisync Color Monitor with Digital Controls 65 kHz for Asia Pacific
IBM 4707: Monochrome monitor for Wheelwriter word processor
IBM 5144: PC convertible monochrome display
IBM 5145: PC convertible color display
IBM 5151: IBM PC Display—Monochrome (green) CRT monitor, designed for MDA (1981)
IBM 5152: IBM PC Graphics Printer (technically this was an Epson MX-80 dot matrix printer (1979), but it was IBM-labelled (1981)
IBM 5153: IBM PC Color Display—CRT monitor, designed for CGA (1983)
IBM 5154: IBM Enhanced Color Display—for EGA (1984)
IBM 5161: Expansion Unit for the IBM PC, a second chassis that was connected via ISA bus extender and receiver cards and a 60-pin cable connector; the Expansion Unit had its own power supply with enough wattage to drive up to two hard drives (the IBM 5150's original power supply was insufficient for hard drives)[167] (1981–1987?)
BART (Bay Area Rapid Transport) fare collection machines; 1972[200]
Telecommunications
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International Time Recording Co. Series 970: Telephone System (1930s)[67]
SAIS (Semi-Automatic Intercept System): Added automated custom intercept messages to the Bell System's operator-based centralized intercept system, using a computer-controlled magnetic drum audio playback medium. Late 1960s.
Some software listings are for software families, not products (Fortran was not a product; Fortran H was a product).
Some IBM software products were distributed free (no charge for the software itself, a common practice early in the industry). The term "Program Product" was used by IBM to denote that the software is generally available[NB 2] at an additional charge.[202] Prior to June 1969, the majority of software packages written by IBM were available at no charge to IBM customers; with the June 1969 announcement, new software not designated as "System Control Programming" became Program Products, although existing non-system software remained available for free.[202]
Operating systems
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AIX, IBM's family of proprietary UNIX OS's (Advanced Interactive eXecutive) on multiple platforms
CP-67 May refer to either a package for the 360/67 or only to the Control program of that package.
CP/CMS Another name for the CP-67 package for the 360/67; predecessor to VM.
VM, sometimes called VM/CMS (Virtual Machine/Conversational Monitor System) Successor systems to CP-67 for the S/370 and later machines. First appeared as Virtual Machine Facility/370 and most recently as z/VM.
VM/SE Virtual Machine/System Extension, also known as System Extension Program Product (SEPP). An enhancement to Virtual Machine Facility/370, replaced by VM/SP.
VM/BSE Virtual Machine/Basic System Extension, also known as Basic System Extension Program Product (BSEPP). An enhancement to Virtual Machine Facility/370, providing some of the facilities of VM/se, replaced by VM/SP.
VM/SP Virtual Machine/System Product, replacing VM/SE and the base for all future VM versions.
VM/XA Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture 31-bit VM
IBM Advanced Text Management System (ATMS) A CICS-based successor to ATS, ATMS served as the text entry system for STorage And Retrieval System (STAIRS)
IBM Assistant Series (Filing Assistant, Reporting Assistant, Graphing Assistant, Writing Assistant and Planning Assistant)
IBM Workplace Web Content Management (IWWCM) Web content management for WebSphere Portal and Domino servers (Presence Online dba Aptrix bought by IBM in 2003)
ICCF Interactive Computing and Control Facility. An interactive editor that runs under CICS on DOS/VSE. Now included as part of "VSE Central Functions."
NCCF Network Communications Control Facility. A network monitoring and control subsystem
Watson Customer Engagement
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The Watson Customer Engagement (commonly known as WCE and formerly known as IBM Commerce) business unit supports marketing, commerce, and supply chain software development and product offerings for IBM. Software and solutions offered as part of these three portfolios by WCE are as follows:
Service Bureau Corporation (SBC) was a subsidiary of IBM formed in 1957 to operate IBM's former service bureau business as an independent company. In 1973 sold to Control Data Corporation.
^ abcdefghijkFierheller, George A. (2014). Do not fold, spindle or mutilate: the "hole" story of punched cards(PDF). Stewart Pub. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-894183-86-4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. An accessible book of recollections (sometimes with errors), with photographs and descriptions of many unit record machines.
^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiLars Poulsen collected a list of IBM unit record machine types and names.
"It was collected over a period of several years from the alt.folklore.computers USENET group. I started out with the ones I knew, and slowly people contributed more items, until we have what you see. I could not point you to a single—or even a few—lists with attributions; it was a community effort." – Lars Poulsen That list is here
^ ab"IBM 29 card punch". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on September 9, 2006.
^"IBM 31 Alphabetical Duplicating Punch". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on January 24, 2005.
^"IBM Type 032 Alphabetical Printing Punch". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on March 21, 2005.
^ abcdefghLinnekin, Leroy Corliss (1938). The Scope of Punched Card Accounting. Boston University, College of Business Administration - Thesis.
^Taube, Mortimer (1962). "M. Taube: Experiments with the IBM-9900 and a discussion of an improved Comac as suggested by these experiments". Journal of Chemical Documentation. 2: 22–26. doi:10.1021/c160004a007.
^Jerry Norman. "The Coordinate and Uniterm Indexing Systems".
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^"IBM 85 collator". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on February 7, 2008.
^"IBM 087". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on October 11, 2013.
^"IBM 514". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on March 10, 2007.
^"IBM 523 gang summary punch". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on February 7, 2008.
^ ab"International Time Recording Co. catalog" (PDF)., 1935 or earlier
^"IBM 1956: History of the Time Equipment Division and its Products" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 14, 2006.
^"IBM: CONSOLIDATED LISTING OF IBM TIME & WEIGHING EQUIPMENT" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 3, 2006.
^"IBM 1958: Press release announcing the sale of the domestic time equipment (clocks et al.) business to Simplex Time Recorder Company" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 9, 2006.
^"Remote Control Keyboard". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on January 19, 2005.
^"IBM Model 01 electric typewriter". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on January 22, 2005.
^ abcdefghijkl"IBM Archives: IBM typewriter milestones". www.ibm.com. 2003-01-23. Retrieved 2022-11-20.
^"Model A Standard Electric Typewriter". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on January 22, 2005.
^"IBM Selectric Typewriter". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on April 8, 2006.
^"IBM Executary Model 212". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on February 8, 2008.
^ abcd"IBM Service List" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
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^"New I.B.M. Copier". The New York Times. May 14, 1982. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
^ abc"IBM Series III Copier/Duplicator Model 85" (Announcement letter). 1986-06-16.
^"1988". IBM Archives: 1980s. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on December 16, 2004.
^ abcdePugh, Emerson W. (1995). Building IBM: Shaping an Industry and Its Technology. MIT. ISBN 978-0-262-16147-3.
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^"IBM 1958: Press release announcing the sale of the domestic time equipment (clocks et al.) business to Simplex Time Recorder Company" (PDF) (Press release). IBM. 1958. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 9, 2006.
^Catalog of Copyright Entries. Third Series: 1962: July–December
By Library of Congress. Copyright Office, p.1518
^"The IBM Lectern". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on January 19, 2005.
^"IBM Radiotype". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on January 19, 2005.
^"Scanistor". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on December 29, 2004.
^"IBM Shoebox". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on January 19, 2005.
^"IBM Ticketograph". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on January 19, 2005.
^"IBM Toll Collection System". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on January 19, 2005.
^"IBM Wireless Translation System". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on January 19, 2005.
^"IBM Instruments Hydrogen Peroxide Analyzer". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on January 19, 2005.
^"IBM Industrial Products PW 200 Percussive Welder". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on January 19, 2005.
^"IBM Industrial Scale". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on January 6, 2005.
^ ab"FAQ's for Products and Services". IBM Archives. IBM. Archived from the original on December 17, 2004.
^"Electric scoreboards (1949)". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on August 20, 2010.
^"IBM 610 Auto-Point Computer". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on September 10, 2006.
^"650 Photo album". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on March 12, 2005.
^"IBM 355 Disk Storage". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on January 14, 2005.
^"IBM 533 Card Read Punch". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on November 20, 2005.
^"IBM 537 Card Read Punch". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on November 30, 2005.
^"IBM 652 Control Unit". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on November 20, 2005.
^"IBM 653 Auxiliary Unit". IBM Archives. IBM. 2003-01-23. Archived from the original on November 29, 2005.
^"IBM 650 Data Processing System Bulletin: Immediate Access Storage, Indexing Register, Automatic Floating-Decimal Arithmetic, and Magnetic Tape" (PDF). IBM. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
^"IBM 650 MDDPM Additional Features: Indexing Accumulators, Floating-Decimal Arithmetic" (PDF). IBM. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
^"IBM 655 Power Unit". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on November 20, 2005.
^"IBM 650 installation With IBM 727 Magnetic Tape Unit and IBM 355 Disk Storage". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on November 21, 2005.
^"IBM 838 Inquiry Station". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on November 22, 2005.
^"IBM 701". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on December 28, 2004.
^"IBM 706 Electrostatic storage unit". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on January 22, 2005.
^ abc"IBM 711 Punched card reader". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on December 17, 2004.
^ abc"IBM 716 Printer". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on January 22, 2005.
^ abc"IBM 721 Punched card recorder". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on January 22, 2005.
^"IBM 726 magnetic tape reader/recorder". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on September 10, 2006.
^ abcdefgh"IBM 727 Magnetic tape unit". IBM Archive. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on January 22, 2005.
^"IBM 731 Magnetic drum reader/recorder". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on January 22, 2005.
^"IBM 736 Power frame #1". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on January 22, 2005.
^ abc"IBM 737 Magnetic core storage unit". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on January 19, 2005.
^ abc"IBM 740 Cathode ray tube output recorder". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on January 19, 2005.
^"IBM 741 Power frame #2". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on January 22, 2005.
^"IBM 746 Power distribution unit". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on January 22, 2005.
^"IBM 753 Magnetic tape control unit". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on January 22, 2005.
^"702 Data Processing System". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on April 21, 2005.
^"704 Data Processing System". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on January 14, 2005.
^"705 Data Processing System". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on January 14, 2005.
^"Reference Manual, IBM 705 Data Processing System" (PDF). IBM. 1959. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
^"709 Data Processing System". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on January 14, 2005.
^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstu"IBM 1401 and 1460 Bibliography" (PDF). A24-1495-4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
^ ab"IBM 1401 System Summary" (PDF). IBM. September 1964. pp. 9–10. A24-1401-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
^"7090 Data Processing System". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on January 21, 2005.
^ ab"IBM 2361 core storage unit". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on January 19, 2005.
^"System/34". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on January 22, 2005.
^ abc
Elliott, Jim (2004-08-17). "The Evolution of IBM Mainframes and VM" (PDF). SHARE Session 9140. Retrieved 2007-10-21. Slide 28: "9672 to zSeries".
^
"IBM zEnterprise BC12 (zBC12) extends modern mainframe capabilities for enterprises of all sizes to help cut costs, improve service, and fuel innovation for business growth" (Announcement letter). 23 July 2013. IBM
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^"IBM PS/1". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on April 1, 2007.
^"ThinkPads". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on January 21, 2005.
^IBM World Trade. "IBM 1017 Paper Tape Reader, 1018 Paper Tape Punch, 2826 Paper Tape control Offer Increased Capabilities" (PDF). bitsavers.org. Retrieved June 16, 2024.
^IBM System/370 System Summary(PDF). IBM. December 1975. p. 7-51. GA22-7001-4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
^"Microfilm Newsletter 09-1969 002". Issuu. 5 August 2019. Retrieved 2020-07-03.
^ abAdministrative Management 1969-04: Vol 30 Iss 4. Dalton Communications, Inc. 1969. p. 45 – via Internet Archive.
^IBM Corporation (1961). 1401 DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM BULLETIN : 1404 PRINTER(PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2020-03-02.
^"IBM 3800 printer". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on January 22, 2005.
^R. C. Miller (May 1984). "Introduction to the IBM 3800 Printing Subsystem Models 3 and 8". IBM Journal of Research and Development. 28 (3): 252–256. doi:10.1147/rd.283.0252.
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^ abIBM 50 Magnetic Data Inscriber, Component Description. IBM. 1969. A27-2725-2.
^System z End-to-End Extended Distance Guide(PDF). IBM. March 2014. p. 160. Physical layer switches for computer communication have been used for a long time. For example, the IBM 2914 bus-and-tag crosspoint switch was available in the 1970s.
^IBM 3174 Establishment Controller Introduction(PDF) (First ed.). IBM. April 1989. p. 2-21. GA27-3750-0.
^IBM Booklet 520-1122, titled IBM 1015, 2250, 2260 Displays: inside has 1015 Inquiry Display Terminal, 2260 Display Station, 2250 Display Unit
^"IBM 1015" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
^"Systems Reference Library IBM System/360" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. may be attached to an IBM 1016 Control Unit or an IBM 1414 Input/Output Synchonizer
^"IBM 2217 Multiprotocol Concentrator Release 3 and Multiport Feature Supports Client/Server Protocols". ibm.com (Announcement letter). IBM. October 8, 1996. Retrieved January 19, 2025.
^Longo, Alexander A.; Giunti, Frank E. (August 8–10, 1972). A Sequential Evaluation of Computer Assisted Instruction in US Army Basic Electronics Training. Annual Convention of the Association for the Development of Instructional Systems. Cap Rouge, Quebec.
^"The IBM 4020 Military Computer" (PDF). IBM Federal Systems Division. 31 October 1959. Retrieved September 28, 2009.
^"Gemini computer". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on December 17, 2004.
^"Saturn guidance computer". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on January 19, 2005.
^"Saturn instrument unit". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on January 19, 2005.
^"IBM and Skylab". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on January 19, 2005.
^"IBM and the Space Shuttle". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on January 19, 2005.
^"TRACTOR". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on January 19, 2005.
^"IBM 1001 DATA TRANSMISSION SYSTEM (Dec, 1961)". Modern Mechanix. Archived from the original on 2020-07-23. Retrieved 2020-07-23.
^"IBM 1710 industrial control system". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on March 11, 2007.
^"IBM 1800 data acquisition and control system". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on June 5, 2008.
^ abc"IBM Series/1". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on January 3, 2013.
^"IBM Maritime Applikcation/Bridge System" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
^Data Processor 1974-02: Vol 17 Iss 1. International Business Machines Corporation. 1974. p. 5 – via Internet Archive.
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^"1985". IBM Archives: 1980s. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on December 16, 2004.
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