Canada has numerous Indian reserves for First Nations people, which were mostly established by the Indian Act of 1876 and have been variously expanded and reduced by royal commissions since. They are sometimes incorrectly called by the American term "reservations".[1][2][3][4]
Name as used by Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada |
First Nation(s) | Ethnic/national group |
Tribal council |
Treaty | Area | Population[144] | Notes & references | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ha | acre | 2016 | 2011 | % difference | ||||||
Big Hole Tract 8 (North Half)[145] | Metepenagiag Miꞌkmaq | Miꞌkmaq | North Shore Micmac District Council | n/a | 1,396.2 | 3,450.1 | ||||
Big Hole Tract 8 (South Half)[146] | Eel Ground | Miꞌkmaq | North Shore Micmac District Council | n/a | 1,740.2 | 4,300.1 | 48 | 34 | 41.2% | |
Buctouche 16[147] | Buctouche MicMac | Miꞌkmaq | North Shore Micmac District Council | n/a | 62.3 | 153.9 | 96 | 85 | 12.9% | |
Buctouche Micmac Band Extension[148] | Buctouche MicMac | Miꞌkmaq | North Shore Micmac District Council | n/a | 89.6 | 221.4 | ||||
Devon 30[149] | Saint Mary's | Wolastoqiyik | Wolastoqey Tribal Council | n/a | 125.9 | 311.1 | 1,038 | 864 | 20.1% | |
Eel Ground 2[150] | Eel Ground | Miꞌkmaq | North Shore Micmac District Council | n/a | 1,072.8 | 2,650.9 | 532 | 448 | 18.8% | |
Eel River 3[151] | Eel River Bar | Miꞌkmaq | North Shore Micmac District Council | n/a | 122.0 | 301.5 | 329 | 320 | 2.8% | |
Esgenoôpetitj[152] | Esgenoopetitj | Miꞌkmaq | Mawiw Council Incorporated | n/a | 985.4 | 2,435.0 | 1,179 | 1,046 | 12.7% | |
Fort Folly 1[153] | Fort Folly | Miꞌkmaq | North Shore Micmac District Council | n/a | 56.1 | 138.6 | 40 | 48 | -16.7% | |
Indian Island 28[154] | Indian Island | Miꞌkmaq | North Shore Micmac District Council | n/a | 38.4 | 94.9 | 138 | 97 | 42.3% | |
Indian Point 1[155] | Metepenagiag Miꞌkmaq | Miꞌkmaq | North Shore Micmac District Council | n/a | 41.2 | 101.8 | ||||
Indian Ranch[156] | Eel River Bar | Miꞌkmaq | North Shore Micmac District Council | n/a | 45.7 | 112.9 | 89 | 60 | 48.3% | |
Kingsclear 6[157] | Kingsclear | Maliseet | Wolastoqey Tribal Council | n/a | 374.7 | 925.9 | 493 | 490 | 0.6% | |
Metepenagiag Urban Reserve 3[158] | Metepenagiag Miꞌkmaq | Miꞌkmaq | North Shore Micmac District Council | n/a | 19.9 | 49.2 | ||||
Metepenagiag Urban Reserve 8[159] | Metepenagiag Miꞌkmaq | Miꞌkmaq | North Shore Micmac District Council | n/a | 3.6 | 8.9 | ||||
Metepenagiag Uta'nk[160] | Metepenagiag Miꞌkmaq | Miꞌkmaq | North Shore Micmac District Council | n/a | 1.1 | 2.7 | ||||
Moose Meadows 4[161] | Eel River Bar | Miꞌkmaq | North Shore Micmac District Council | n/a | 404.7 | 1,000.0 | ||||
Oinpegitjoig[162] | Pabineau | Miꞌkmaq | North Shore Micmac District Council | n/a | 18.6 | 46.0 | ||||
Oromocto 26[163] | Oromocto | Wolastoqiyik | Wolastoqey Tribal Council | n/a | 100.7 | 248.8 | 282 | 286 | -1.4% | |
Pabineau 11[164] | Pabineau | Miꞌkmaq | North Shore Micmac District Council | n/a | 429.1 | 1,060.3 | 134 | 141 | -5% | |
Pokemouche 13[165] | Esgenoopetitj | Miꞌkmaq | Mawiw Council Incorporated | n/a | 151.4 | 374.1 | ||||
Red Bank 4[166] | Metepenagiag Miꞌkmaq | Miꞌkmaq | North Shore Micmac District Council | n/a | 1,457.0 | 3,600.3 | 309 | 352 | -12.2% | |
Red Bank 7[167] | Metepenagiag Miꞌkmaq | Miꞌkmaq | North Shore Micmac District Council | n/a | 1,011.7 | 2,500.0 | ||||
Renous 12[168] | Eel Ground | Miꞌkmaq | North Shore Micmac District Council | n/a | 10.0 | 24.7 | ||||
Richibucto 15[169] | Elsipogtog | Miꞌkmaq | Mawiw Council Incorporated | n/a | 1,956.2 | 4,833.9 | 1,937 | 1,985 | -2.4% | |
Soegao No. 35[170] | Elsipogtog | Miꞌkmaq | Mawiw Council Incorporated | n/a | 130.1 | 321.5 | ||||
St Basile 10[171] | Madawaska Maliseet | Maliseet | Wolastoqey Tribal Council | n/a | 344.8 | 852.0 | 214 | 205 | 4.4% | |
St. Mary's 24[172] | Saint Mary's | Wolastoqiyik | Wolastoqey Tribal Council | n/a | 1.0 | 2.5 | ||||
Tabusintac 9[173] | Esgenoopetitj | Miꞌkmaq | Mawiw Council Incorporated | n/a | 3,268.7 | 8,077.1 | 10 | 10 | 0% | |
The Brothers 18[174] | Kingsclear Madawaska Maliseet Tobique Woodstock |
Maliseet | Wolastoqey Tribal Council Wolastoqey Tribal Council Mawiw Council Incorporated — |
n/a | 4.0 | 9.9 | ||||
Tobique 20[175] | Tobique | Maliseet | Mawiw Council Incorporated | n/a | 2,724.0 | 6,731.2 | 968 | 1,039 | -6.8% | |
Woodstock 23[176] | Woodstock | Maliseet | — | n/a | 159.8 | 394.9 | 327 | 345 | -5.2% |
Name as used by Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada |
First Nation(s) | Ethnic/national group | Tribal council | Treaty | Area | Population[177] | Notes | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ha | acre | 2016 | 2011 | % difference | ||||||
Natuashish 2[178] | Mushuau Innu | Naskapi | — | n/a | 4,267.3 | 10,544.7 | 936 | 931 | 0.5% | |
Samiajij Miawpukek[179] | Miawpukek | Miꞌkmaq | — | n/a | 2,839.0 | 7,015.3 | 956 | 920 | 3.9% | |
Sheshatshiu 3[180] | Sheshatshiu Innu | Innu | — | n/a | 804.0 | 1,986.7 | 1,023 | 1,314 | -22.1% |
The Inuit self-governing region of Nunatsiavut, the unrecognized Inuit territory of NunatuKavut and Nitassinan, the ancestral homeland of the Innu, are also located in Labrador. The Qalipu Mi'kmaq,[181] a Miꞌkmaq people, have passed the final stages of obtaining Status under the Indian Act, and since 2011 has been a recognized band in Newfoundland.
Name as used by Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada |
First Nation(s) | Ethnic/national group |
Tribal council |
Treaty | Area | Population[226] | Notes & references | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ha | acre | 2016 | 2011 | % difference | ||||||
Hay River Dene 1[227] | K'atlodeeche | Slavey | Dehcho First Nations | 8 | 13,517.4 | 33,402.2 | 309 | 292 | 5.8% | |
Salt Plains 195[228] | Salt River #195 | Dene | Akaitcho Territory Government | 8 | 44.7 | 110.5 | 0 | 0 | % | The Salt River First Nation also has Fitzgerald No. 196, a 3,715.0 ha (9,180 acres) reserve in Alberta.[229] |
Salt River No. 195[230] | Salt River #195 | Dene | Akaitcho Territory Government | 8 | 40,353.3 | 99,715.2 | The Salt River First Nation also has Fitzgerald No. 196, a 3,715.0 ha (9,180 acres) reserve in Alberta.[231] |
There are only three actual Indian reserves in the Northwest Territories, Hay River Dene 1, Salt River 195 and Salt Plains 195. All other places are Indian settlements. The Smith's Landing First Nation is, according to INAC, headquartered in the NWT but are listed as an Alberta First Nations. Not included are Enterprise (predominantly non-Aboriginal (57.1%), 23.8% First Nations, 9.5% Métis, 9.5% Inuit[232]) and Norman Wells (predominantly non-Aboriginal (58.3%), 25.8% First Nations, 11.3% Métis, 2.0% Inuit and 3.9% other Aboriginal[233]). Also not included are the Inuvialuit communities of Paulatuk, Sachs Harbour Tuktoyaktuk and Ulukhaktok. Of these only Tuktoyaktuk reported a First Nations presence (1.7%).[234]
Name as used by Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada |
First Nation(s) | Ethnic/national group |
Tribal council |
Treaty | Area | Population[235] | Notes | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ha | acre | 2016 | 2011 | % difference | ||||||
Lennox Island 1[236] | Lennox Island | Miꞌkmaq | Epekwitk Assembly of Councils | n/a | 535.1 | 1,322.3 | 323 | 293 | 10% | |
Lennox Island No.6[237] | Lennox Island | Miꞌkmaq | Epekwitk Assembly of Councils | n/a | 9.7 | 24.0 | ||||
Lennox Island Reserve No. 5[238] | Lennox Island | Miꞌkmaq | Epekwitk Assembly of Councils | n/a | 18.8 | 46.5 | ||||
Morell 2[239] | Abegweit | Miꞌkmaq | Epekwitk Assembly of Councils | n/a | 74.1 | 183.1 | 22 | 24 | -8.3% | |
Rocky Point 3[240] | Abegweit | Miꞌkmaq | Epekwitk Assembly of Councils | n/a | 4.9 | 12.1 | 51 | 49 | 4.1% | |
Scotchfort 4[241] | Abegweit | Miꞌkmaq | Epekwitk Assembly of Councils | n/a | 113.1 | 279.5 | 200 | 148 | 35.1% |
Name as used by Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada |
First Nation(s) | Ethnic/national group |
Tribal council |
Treaty | Area | Population[242] | Notes & references | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ha | acre | 2016 | 2011 | % difference | ||||||
Akwesasne 15[243] | Mohawks of Akwesasne | Mohawk | n/a | 3,646.8 | 9,011.4 | 1,202 | Also in Ontario (Akwesasne 59) and New York, United States (St. Regis Mohawk Reservation) | |||
Betsiamites[244] | Pessamit Innu Band | Innu | Mamuitun Tribal Council | n/a | 25,205.0 | 62,282.9 | 2,256 | 2,420 | -6.8% | |
Cacouna 22[245] | Première Nation Wolastoqiyik (Malécite) Wahsipekuk | Maliseet | n/a | 0.9 | 2.2 | |||||
Communauté Atikamekw De Manawan[246] | Atikamekw of Manawan | Atikamekw | Conseil de la Nation Atikamekw | n/a | 773.0 | 1,910.1 | 2,060 | 2,073 | -0.6% | |
Communauté De Wemotaci[247] | Wemotaci Atikamekw Council | Atikamekw | Conseil de la Nation Atikamekw | n/a | 3,331.0 | 8,231.1 | 1,213 | 1,194 | 1.6% | |
Coucoucache 24A[248] | Wemotaci Atikamekw Council | Atikamekw | Conseil de la Nation Atikamekw | n/a | 5.6 | 13.8 | ||||
Doncaster 17[249] | Mohawks of Kahnawá:ke / Mohawks of Kanesatake | Mohawk | n/a | 7,900.0 | 19,521.3 | |||||
Gesgapegiag[250] | Micmacs of Gesgapegiag | Miꞌkmaq | Mi'gmawei Mawiomi Secretariat | n/a | 222.0 | 548.6 | 653 | 688 | -5.1% | |
Innue Essipit[251] | Innue Essipit | Innu | Mamuitun Tribal Council | n/a | 86.5 | 213.7 | 297 | 268 | 10.8% | |
Kahnawake No.14[252] | Mohawks of Kahnawá:ke | Mohawk | n/a | 4,902.0 | 12,113.1 | |||||
Kataskomiq[253] | Première Nation Wolastoqiyik (Malécite) Wahsipekuk | Maliseet | n/a | 169.0 | 417.6 | |||||
Kebaowek[254] | Kebaowek First Nation | Anishinaabe | Algonquin Anishinabeg Nation Tribal Council | n/a | 50.6 | 125.0 | 274 | 284 | -3.5% | |
Kitigan Zibi[255] | Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg | Algonquin | Algonquin Anishinabeg Nation Tribal Council | n/a | 21,009.0 | 51,914.4 | 1,221 | 1,401 | -12.8% | |
Lac John[256] | Innu Nation of Matimekush-Lac John | Innu | Mamuitun Tribal Council | n/a | 23.5 | 58.1 | 33 | 21 | 57.1% | |
Lac Simon[257] | Nation Anishnabe du Lac Simon | Anishinaabe | Algonquin Anishinabeg Nation Tribal Council | n/a | 678.4 | 1,676.4 | 1,380 | 1,403 | -1.6% | |
Listuguj[258] | Listuguj Miꞌgmaq First Nation | Miꞌkmaq | Mi'gmawei Mawiomi Secretariat | n/a | 4,344.0 | 10,734.3 | 1,241 | 1,865 | -33.5% | |
Maliotenam 27A[259] | Innu Takuaikan Uashat Mak Mani-Utenam | Innu | Mamuitun Tribal Council | n/a | 527.0 | 1,302.2 | 1,542 | 1,316 | 17.2% | |
Mashteuiatsh[260] | Pekuakamiulnuatsh First Nation | Innu | Mamuitun Tribal Council | n/a | 1,626.9 | 4,020.2 | 1,957 | 2,213 | -11.6% | |
Matimekosh 3[261] | Innu Nation of Matimekush-Lac John | Innu | Mamuitun Tribal Council | n/a | 65.4 | 161.6 | 613 | 540 | 13.5% | |
Mingan[262] | Innus of Ekuanitshit | Innu | Regroupement Mamit Innuat | n/a | 3,838.0 | 9,483.9 | 552 | 453 | 21.9% | |
Nutashkuan[263] | Première Nation des Innus de Nutashkuan | Innu | Regroupement Mamit Innuat | n/a | 118.9 | 293.8 | 835 | 841 | -0.7% | |
Obedjiwan 28[264] | Atikamekw of Opitciwan | Atikamekw | Conseil de la Nation Atikamekw | n/a | 927.0 | 2,290.7 | 2,019 | 2,031 | -0.6% | |
Odanak 12[265] | Odanak First Nation | Abenaki | Grand Conseil de la Nation Waban-Aki | n/a | 578.0 | 1,428.3 | 449 | 457 | -1.8% | |
Pikogan[266] | Abitibiwinni First Nation | Algonquin | Algonquin Anishinabeg Nation Tribal Council | n/a | 274.6 | 678.6 | 538 | 538 | 0.0% | |
Rapid Lake[267] | Algonquins of Barriere Lake | Algonquin | Algonquin Nation Programs and Services Secretariat | n/a | 29.7 | 73.4 | ||||
Romaine 2[268] | Montagnais de Unamen Shipu | Innu | Regroupement Mamit Innuat | n/a | 69.4 | 171.5 | 977 | 1,016 | -3.8% | |
Timiskaming[269] | Timiskaming First Nation | Algonquin | Algonquin Nation Programs and Services Secretariat | n/a | 1,852.0 | 4,576.4 | 539 | 540 | -0.2% | |
Uashat 27[270] | Innu Takuaikan Uashat Mak Mani-Utenam | Innu | Mamuitun Tribal Council | n/a | 210.0 | 518.9 | 1,592 | 1,485 | 7.2% | |
Village Des Hurons Wendake 7[271] | Huron-Wendat Nation | Wyandot | n/a | 133.4 | 329.6 | 2,134 | ||||
Village Des Hurons Wendake 7A[272] | Huron-Wendat Nation | Wyandot | n/a | 244.6 | 604.4 | |||||
Wôlinak 11[273] | Wôlinak First Nation | Abenaki | Grand Conseil de la Nation Waban-Aki | n/a | 80.4 | 198.7 | 202 | 180 | 12.2% |
Other First Nations lands can be found at list of Cree and Naskapi territories in Quebec and Inuit lands at list of northern villages and Inuit reserved lands in Quebec.
In Quebec, the Indian Act applies only to the First Nations of the southern part of the province, so Indian reserves are only found in the south. The Minister of Crown–Indigenous Relations assigns 34 tracts of land as Indian reserves and settlements under the Indian Act:
Name as used by Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada |
First Nation(s) | Ethnic/national group |
Tribal council |
Treaty | Area | Population[274] | Notes | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ha | acre | 2016 | 2011 | % difference | ||||||
Carcross 4[275] | Carcross/Tagish | Tlingit / Tagish | — | n/a | 64.8 | 160.1 | 35 | 53 | -34.0% | Listed by Statistics Canada as self-government |
Haines Junction[276] | Aishihik / Champagne and Aishihik | Southern Tutchone | Southern Tutchone Tribal Council | n/a | [a][277][278][279] | |||||
Lake Laberge 1[280] | Ta'an Kwach'an | Southern Tutchone | Southern Tutchone Tribal Council | n/a | 129.6 | 320.2 | 25 | 20 | 25.0% | Listed by Statistics Canada as self-government |
Mayo 6[281] | First Nation of Nacho Nyak Dun | Northern Tutchone | — | n/a | 184.5 | 455.9 | ||||
Mcquesten 3[282] | First Nation of Nacho Nyak Dun | Northern Tutchone | — | n/a | 129.6 | 320.2 | ||||
Moosehide Creek 2[283] | Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in | Hän | — | n/a | 64.1 | 158.4 | 0 | 0 | Listed by Statistics Canada as self-government | |
Moosehide Creek 2b[284] | Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in | Hän | — | n/a | 346.8 | 857.0 | ||||
Nisutlin 14[285] | Teslin Tlingit Council | Tlingit | — | n/a | 83.9 | 207.3 | ||||
Nisutlin Bay 15[286] | Teslin Tlingit Council | Tlingit | — | n/a | 50.0 | 123.6 | ||||
Selkirk 7[287] | Selkirk | Northern Tutchone | — | n/a | 64.7 | 159.9 | ||||
Teslin Post 13[288] | Teslin Tlingit Council | Tlingit | — | n/a | 27.6 | 68.2 | 139 | 138 | 0.7% | Listed by Statistics Canada as self-government |
Whitehorse 8[289] | Kwanlin Dun First Nation | Tlingit / Tagish / Southern Tutchone | Southern Tutchone Tribal Council | n/a | 108.4 | 267.9 |