• St Edmund Rich (St Edmund of Abingdon) (c.1174–1240), Archbishop of Canterbury 1233–1240 (may have attended Abingdon)

• Sir John Bennet (1552–1627), Chancellor of the Diocese of York, Judge and politician
• William Bennet (1553–1609), MP and founder of the Bennet scholarship
• John Blacknall (1583–1625), land and mill owner and founder of Blacknall bequest
• Sir John Mason (1502–1566), diplomat, spy, and Chancellor of Oxford University
• Robert Payne (1596–1651), English cleric and academic
• John Roysse (1500–1571), mercer, re-endowed Abingdon School in 1563
• Sir Thomas Smith, (1556?–1609), Judge and Member of Parliament
• Christopher Tesdale (1592–1655), member of the Westminster Assembly, of Divines
• Thomas Tesdale (1547–1610), maltster and benefactor, established the Tesdale Ushership

• Phanuel Bacon (1699–1783), playwright, poet and author
• Clement Barksdale (1609–1687), religious author, polymath and Anglican priest
• Colwell Brickenden (1663–1714), clergyman and Master of Pembroke College, Oxford
• Colonel James Bringfeild, (1656–1706), equerry to Prince George of Denmark and Aide-de-camp to the Duke of Marlborough
• Joseph Cox (1697–1753), High Sheriff of Berkshire
• Thomas Daffy (1617–1680), inventor of Daffy's Elixir
• Walter Dayrell (1610–1684), Archdeacon of Winchester
• Walter Harte (1650–1735) Prebendary of Bath and Wells and a principal pillar of the Nonjuring schism cause
• Sir John Holt (1642–1710), Lord Chief Justice
• William Hunt (1669–1733), Archdeacon of Bath
• James Jennings (1670–1739), MP and landowner
• Henry Langley (1610–1679), nonconformist minister and Master of Pembroke College, Oxford
• Matthew Panting (1682–1739), Master of Pembroke College, Oxford
• Sir Edward Turnour (1617–1686), Speaker of the House of Commons

• William Adams (1706–1789), Master of Pembroke College, Oxford
• Sir Henry Atkins (1726–1742), 5th Baronet of Clapham
• Sir Richard Atkins (1728–1756), 6th Baronet of Clapham & High Sheriff
• Lord James Beauclerk (1709–1787), Bishop of Hereford, 1746–1787
• Richard Brickenden (1701–1779), Archdeacon of Wiltshire
• Sir Charles Bagot Chester, 7th Baronet (1724–1755), 7th Baronet of Chicheley
• John Bush (High Sheriff) (1745–?), High Sheriff of Oxfordshire
• John Clarke (1732–1781), Provost of Oriel College, Oxford
• William Wiseman Clarke (1759–1826), High Sheriff of Berkshire
• Sir Francis Clerke, 7th Baronet (1748–1777), baron, killed at Battles of Saratoga
• Sir William Clerke, 8th Baronet (1751–1818), baron and clergyman
• Sir Henry D'Anvers, 4th Baronet (1731–1758), 4th Culworth baronet
• Sir Michael D'Anvers, 5th Baronet (1738–1776), High Sheriff of Northamptonshire
• James Dashwood (1715–1779), politician
• Henry Dawkins (1728–1814), Member of Parliament
• James Dawkins (1722–1757), antiquary and Jacobite
• Sir John D'Oyly, 4th Baronet (1702–1773), 4th baronet of Chislehampton
• William Horton (c.1708–1749), leading military aide and builder of Horton House
• Daniel Dumaresq (1712–1805), St Petersburg Academy of Sciences, educationalist
• Thomas Dudley Fosbroke, (1770–1842), antiquary
• James Gerard (1741–1783), Warden of Wadham College, Oxford
• Richard Graves (1715–1804), clergyman, writer and translator
• George William Hall (1770–1843), Master of Pembroke College, Oxford
• William Hawkins (1722–1801), clergyman, poet and dramatist
• Sir Thomas Head (1715–1779), High Sheriff of Berkshire
• Henry Howe (1716–1781), 3rd Baron Chedworth
• John Howe (1714–1762), 2nd Baron Chedworth
• William Huddesford (1732–1772), Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum
• Clement Hue (1779–1861), physician
• Sir Justinian Isham, 7th Baronet (1740–1818), High Sheriff of Northamptonshire
• Sir Robert Jenkinson, 5th Baronet (1720–1766), 5th Baronet of Walcot and Hawkesbury
• George Knapp (1754–1809), British Member of Parliament for Abingdon
• John Loder (c.1726–1805), clergyman, landowner and founder of the Old Berkshire Hunt
• Edward Morant, (1730–1791), Member of Parliament
• Philip Morant (1700–1770), historian
• John Morton (c. 1716–1780), MP
• William Newcome (1729–1800), Bishop and Archbishop of Armagh
• John Nourse (1705–1780), bookseller
• John Ratcliffe (1700–1775), clergyman and Master of Pembroke College, Oxford
• George Rowley (1782–1836), Master of University College, Oxford
• Clement Saxton (1724–1810), High Sheriff of Berkshire
• William Sergrove (1746–1796), clergyman and Master of Pembroke College, Oxford
• John Smyth (1744–1809), clergyman and Master of Pembroke College, Oxford
• Thomas Stock (1750–1803), social reformer, established the first Sunday school in England
• Major-General John Tombs (1777–1848), British East India Company and Indian Army
• Henry Leigh Tracy, 8th Viscount Tracy (1732–1797), 8th Viscount Tracy
• John Tracy (1722–1793), Viscount and Warden of All Souls College
• William Walker (1704–1761), Principal of New Inn Hall
• Philip Wenman, 6th Viscount Wenman (1719–1760), politician
• Thomas Whorwood (1718–1771), High Sheriff of Oxfordshire.

• Sir William Boxall (1800–1879), painter, director of the National Gallery
• James Brooks (1825–1901), Gothic Revival architect
• Sir Michael Bruce (1894–1957), author, traveller and adventurer
• Nigel Bruce (1895–1953), actor
• Oswald Couldrey (1882–1958), author and watercolourist
• Louis Davis (1860–1941), Arts and Crafts stained glass artist
• Charles Harvey Dixon (1862–1923), politician
• John William Duncan (1885–1963), Welsh field hockey international
• Edward Ede (1834–1908), cricketer, Hampshire CCC
• George Ede (1834–1870), cricketer, captain, Hampshire CCC & Grand National winner 1868
• Harold Gilman (1876–1919), painter, founder member of the Fitzroy Group
• Henry Rudge Hayward (1831–1912), Archdeacon of Cheltenham and Cirencester
• Colonel Lacey Robert Johnson (1858–1915), Canadian Pacific Railway pioneer
• Thomas Malcolm Layng (1892–1958), Deputy Chaplain-General to the Forces, 1945, and Archdeacon of York
• Henry Medd (1892–1977), architect and church designer in Delhi
• John Theobald Milne (1895–1917), English fighter pilot and flying ace
• Edward Dorrien Newbolt (1843–1889), British Army officer
• Tracy Philipps (1888–1959), intelligence officer (Arab Bureau), later colonial official and conservationist
• Arthur Edwin Preston (1853–1942), mayor of Abingdon, Master of Christ’s Hospital
• Harry Redfern (1861–1950), architect
• Richard Rice, (1886–1939), 1912 Summer Olympics athlete
• William Henry Richardson (1836–1909), historian
• Norman Riches (1883–1975), cricketer, captain, Glamorgan CCC
• William Collinson Sawyer (1832–1868), Bishop of Grafton and Armidale, New South Wales
• William Alder Strange (1813–1874), headmaster and author
• Major-General Sir Henry Tombs VC KCB (1824–1874), Indian Mutiny Victoria Cross
• Willoughby Weaving (1885–1977), First World War poet
• Eric Whelpton (1894–1981), author and traveller

• Roger Ainsworth+ (1951–2019), professor and Master of St Catherine's College, Oxford
• Sir Clive Alderton KCVO (born 1967), British diplomat and courtier
• James Allison (born 1968), designer, engineer, and technical director of Mercedes
• Sir Eric Anderson+ (1936–2020), teacher and educator
• Jamie Anderson (born 1985), producer
• Mark Andrews (1959–2020), University boat race rower
• Phil Baker (born 1975), rowing world championship medallist
• Michael Bartlett (born 1980), playwright and actor
• Michael Bateman (1932–2006), journalist and author
• John Beyer (born 1950), former diplomat
• Roger Blackmore (born 1941), politician and Lord Mayor of Leicester
• David Bobin (1945–2017), sports journalist
• Robin Bourne-Taylor (born 1981), Olympic rower
• James Bowler (born 1973), civil servant
• Peter Bradley (born 1953), Labour MP for the Wrekin
• Mark Bretscher (born 1940), biological scientist, FRS
• Nick Brodie (born 1986), University boat race cox
• Theo Brophy-Clews (born 1997), rugby union player
• Will Carter Keall (born 1997), EHL premier division hockey player
• Edward Castle, Baron Castle (1907–1979), British journalist and politician
• Terence Charley (1916–2008), Japanese prisoner of war
• Sir Paul Robert Virgo Clarke KCVO (born 1953), government official
• Brigadier Tony Clay OBE, CBE (1930–2015), British Army officer
• Jamie Cook (born 1992), University boat race rower
• Oliver Cook (born 1990), international and world champion rower
• Cecil Davidge (1901–1981), lawyer and academic of Keble College, Oxford
• Sir Kim Darroch KCMG (born 1954), senior British diplomat
• Dawson Bros., comedy writers
• Tim Dawson (born 1988), screenwriter
• John Dewar, (born 1959), academic and law specialist
• Thomas Digby (born 1998), world champion rower
• Sir Chris Dobson (1949–2019), professor and academic, FRS
• Thomas Dolby (born 1958), musician and producer
• Jonny Donahoe (born 1983), comedian and writer
• Nicholas Drake (born 1975), England rugby sevens and London Irish
• Jon Dunbar (born 1980), international rugby union player
• Dick Eason (1902–1978), University boat race blue
• Colonel David Eccles OBE, CBE (born 1957), British Army officer
• Edward Wilson (Eddie Eyre) (born 1988), actor
• Anthony Fawcett (born 1948), writer, art critic, and a former personal assistant to John Lennon
• Alex Fisher (born 1990), professional footballer
• Andrew Fisher (born 1965), physicist
• Michael Fortescue (born 1946), professor and academic
• Sir Andrew Foster (born 1944), British public servant
• Justin Frishberg (born 1972), Paralympic Games wheelchair rugby player
• Ben Gannon (born 1975), professional cricketer
• Alex Greaney (born 1975), University boat race cox
• Theo Green (born 1973), film composer, Oscar winner
• John William Greening MBE (1922–2010), benefactor and philanthropist
• Colin Greenwood (born 1969), member of Radiohead
• Jonny Greenwood (born 1971), member of Radiohead
• Magnus Gregory (born 1998), England international canoeist
• Michael Grigsby (1936–2013), film-maker
• Bruce Duncan Guimaraens (1935–2002), port wine maker, head of Guimaraens Taylor Fonseca, Oporto
• Graham Halsey (born 1960), England U-23 and Harlequins rugby player
• Matthew Harding (1953–1996) businessmen and vice-chairman of Chelsea Football Club
• Martin Haycock (born 1973), University boat race cox
• Robert Hayward, Baron Hayward OBE (born 1949), Conservative MP for Kingswood
• Michael Hill (born 1951), English cricketer
• Sir John Hills, (1954–2020) professor and academic
• Michael Holding, (born 1958), filmmaker and director
• Tom Hollander (born 1967), actor
• Michael Howat (born 1958), English cricketer
• Martin Hyder (born 1961), actor and writer
• Adam Janisch (born 1975), English cricketer
• Philip Johnson (born 1972), lead architect for the London Stadium for the London 2012 Olympic Games
• Toby Jones (born 1966), actor
• Eddy Joseph (born 1945), sound engineer
• Sir Nicholas Kay KCMG (born 1958), British diplomat
• Tom Kempinski (1938–2023), playwright and actor
• Joseph Kennedy (born 1981), actor
• Robin Kermode (born 1958), communication coach and former actor
• Bryan Kibble (1938–2016), British physicist, inventor of the Kibble balance
• Martin Landray, physician, epidemiologist and data scientist
• Nicholas Lemoine, (born 1957) professor and academic
• Martin Lisemore (1939–1977), television producer
• Matthew Lodge (born 1968), diplomat
• Hugh Lunghi (1920–2014), British military interpreter and Foreign Office
• Ben Macintyre (born 1963), author and journalist
• Richard McMahon (born 1962), Bailiff of Guernsey
• Angus McPhail (born 1956), cricketer and warden of Radley College
• Toby Marlow (born 1994), writer and composer
• Francis Maude (born 1953), MP for North Warwickshire and Horsham, Chairman of the Conservative Party
• Ian Middleton (born 1995), university boat race cox
• David Mitchell (born 1974), comedian and actor
• Chris Newman (born 1990), field hockey international
• Felix Newman (born 1993), University boat race rower
• Air Vice Marshal Steven Nicholl CBE (born 1946), retired Royal Air Force officer
• Ed O'Brien (born 1968), member of Radiohead
• Tim Parker (born 1955), former chairman of the National Trust
• Sir Robert Pasley (born 1965), Pasley baronets and CFO of Cell C
• Christopher John Pickup OBE, LVO (born 1942), retired British Army officer
• Nigel Powell (born 1971), musician
• David Pringuer (born 1972), musician
• Charlie Quarterman (born 1998), professional cyclist
• Sir Vivian Ramsey (born 1950), former High Court judge
• Andrew Robson (born 1964), international bridge player, teacher and columnist
• Kieran Roche (born 1983), EHL premier division hockey player
• Toby Roche (born 1988), EHL premier division hockey player
• Colin Ronan (1920–1995), British author and specialist in the history and philosophy of science
• Matthew Rossiter (born 1989), international and European champion rower
• Graham Scott (born 1968), Premier League referee
• Philip Selway (born 1967), member of Radiohead
• Sir George Sinclair (1912–2005), colonial administrator and Conservative MP for Dorking
• Raymond Stross (1916–1988), film producer and director
• Sir David Tanner CBE (born 1947), British Olympic rowing coach
• Richard Tauwhare (born 1959), Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands
• Fin Taylor (born 1990), stand-up comedian
• Russell Taylor (born 1960), writer, journalist and composer
• Rob Walker (born 1975), sports commentator and television presenter
• Timothy Walker (born 1958), botanist and former Horti Praefectus of Oxford Botanic Garden and Harcourt Arboretum
• Nathaniel Watkins (born 1991), professional cricketer
• Michael Philip Westwood OBE (born 1944), retired Royal Air Force wing commander
• George Whittaker (born 1981), rower
• Richard Wilson (born 1968), CEO of TIGA
• Brigadier Christopher Winfield CBE (born 1944), retired British Army officer
• Christopher Wray (1940–2014) actor and businessman
• Wayne Yip (born 1981), film and TV director
• Andy Yorke (born 1972), musician
• Thom Yorke (born 1968), member of Radiohead
• Kit Young (born 1994), actor

The symbol + denotes Honorary status.

• Charlie Atkinson (born 2001), rugby player

• Abingdon School Boat Club
• Abingdon Film Unit