Ignác Goldziher & Bernard Lewis, Introduction to Islamic theology and law, Princeton University Press (1981), p. 218
James Hastings, Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Part 24, Kessinger Publishing (2003), p. 844
Abd Ar Rahman ibn Khaldun (translated by Franz Rosenthal), The Muqaddimah, Chap III : On dynasties, royal authority, the caliphate, government ranks, and all that goes with these things, on http://www.muslimphilosophy.com
^شاكر مصطفى, موسوعة دول العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الأول, (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p.420
^As a vassal state, due to political conflict with the Fatimids, in around 1048 the dynasty changed alliagance to the Sunni Abbasid Caliphate and the ruling elite switched from Shia (Zaydi or Ismaili) Islam to Sunnism. See Idris H. Roger, L'invasion hilālienne et ses conséquences, in : Cahiers de civilisation médiévale (43), Jul.-Sep. 1968, pp.353-369. [1] and Berry, LaVerle. "Fatamids". Libya: A Country Study. Library of Congress. Retrieved 5 March 2011.
^Berkey, Jonathan (2003). The Formation of Islam: Religion and Society in the Near East, 600-1800. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-58813-3., p. 135
^ abNewman, Andrew J. Twelver Shiism: Unity and Diversity in the Life of Islam, 632 to 1722. Edinburgh University Press, Nov 20, 2013.
^Juan R. I. Cole, "Rival Empires of Trade and Imami Shiism in Eastern Arabia, 1300-1800", International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 19, No. 2. (May, 1987), pp. 177-203, at p. 179, through JSTOR. [2]
^Alam, Parvez (January 2015). "The Spread of Shi'ism in Kashmir during Chak Dynasty (1554-1586 A.D". Islam and Muslim Societies.