• Nicos Anastasiades (b. 1946), President of Cyprus (since 2013)
• Constantine II (1940–2023), King of the Hellenes (1964–1973)
• Panagiotis Kanellopoulos (1902–1986), Prime Minister of Greece (1945; 1967)
• Konstantinos Karamanlis (1907–1998), President of Greece (1980–1985; 1990–1995) and Prime Minister of Greece (1955–1958; 1958–1961; 1961–1963; 1974–1980)
• Kostas Karamanlis (b. 1956), Prime Minister of Greece (2004–2009)
• Spyros Markezinis (1909–2000), Prime Minister of Greece (1973)
• Konstantinos Mitsotakis (1918–2017), Prime Minister of Greece (1990–1993)
• Alexandros Papanastasiou (1876–1936), Prime Minister of Greece (1924; 1932)
• Andreas Papandreou (1919–1996), Prime Minister of Greece (1981–1989; 1993–1996)
• Georgios Papandreou (1888–1968), Prime Minister of Greece (1944–1945; 1963; 1964–1965)
• Karolos Papoulias (1929–2021), President of Greece (2005–2015)
• Georgios Rallis (1918–2006), Prime Minister of Greece (1980–1981)
• Ioannis Rallis (1878–1946), Prime Minister of Greece (1943–1944)
• Michail Stasinopoulos (1903–2002), President of Greece (1974–1975)
• Vassiliki Thanou-Christophilou (b. 1950), Prime Minister of Greece (2015) and President of the Court of Cassation (since 2015)
• Charilaos Trikoupis (1832–1896), Prime Minister of Greece (1875; 1878; 1880; 1882–1885; 1886–1890; 1892–1893; 1893–1895)
• Konstantinos Tsatsos (1899–1987), President of Greece (1975–1980)
• Eleftherios Venizelos (1864–1936), Prime Minister of Greece (1910–1915; 1915; 1917–1920; 1924; 1928–1932; 1932; 1933) and Prime Minister of the Cretan State (1910)
• Xenophon Zolotas (1904–2004), Prime Minister of Greece (1989–1990) and Governor of the Bank of Greece (1944–1945; 1955–1967; 1974–1981)

Greece edit

• Panagiotis Adraktas (b. 1948), New Democracy MP
• Georgios Alogoskoufis (b. 1955), Minister of the Economy and Finance (2004–2008)
• Sia Anagnostopoulou (b. 1959), Alternate Minister of Education, Research and Religious Affairs (since 2015)
• Dora Bakoyannis (b. 1954), Minister for Foreign Affairs (2006–2009) and Mayor of Athens (2003–2006)
• Thodoris Dritsas (b. 1947), Minister of Shipping and Island Policy (since 2015)
• Nikos Filis (b. 1960), Minister of Education, Research and Religious Affairs (since 2015)
• Fofi Gennimata (b. 1964), President of PASOK (since 2015)
• Giorgos Kaminis (b. 1954), Mayor of Athens (since 2010)
• Georgios Katrougalos (b. 1963), Minister of Labour, Social Insurance and Social Solidarity (since 2015)
• Giorgos Stathakis (b. 1953), Minister of Economy, Development and Tourism (since 2015)

World edit

• Kyriakos Mavronikolas (b. 1955), Cypriot Minister of Defence (2003–2006)
• Sotos Zackheos (b. 1950), Special Envoy of the President of Cyprus to Russia (since 2013)

• Nikos Alivizatos (b. 1949), legal scholar and Minister of the Interior, Public Administration and Decentralization (2004)
• Basil Markesinis (b. 1944), legal scholar

Greece edit

• Saint Nectarios of Aegina (1846–1920), Bishop of Pentapolis and Wonderworker of Aegina
• Chrysostomos Savvatos (b. 1961), Bishop of Messenia

• Ioannis Papadakis (1820-1876) mathematician, astronomer
• Vassilios Lakon (1831–1900), mathematician, Lakon’s Axioms
• Konstantinos M. Mitsopoulos (1844-1911), geologist
• John Hazzidakis (1844-1921), mathematician, Hazzidakis transform
• Timoleon Argyropoulos (1847-1912), physicist
• Cyparissos Stephanos (1857-1917), mathematician, Desmic system
• Elly Agallidis (1914–2006), physicist/physical chemist
• Benediktos Adamantiades (1875–1962), ophthalmologist
• Andreas Anagnostakis (1827–1896), physician
• Constantin Carathéodory (1873–1950), mathematician
• Gerasimos Danilatos (b. 1946), physicist and inventor of the ESEM
• Sophia Frangou, psychiatrist
• Fotis Kafatos (1940–2017), biologist and President of the European Research Council (2005–2010)
• George Kollias (b. 1958), biologist
• Nikos Logothetis (b. 1950), neuroscientist
• Dimitri Nanopoulos (b. 1948), physicist
• Georgios Papanikolaou (1883–1962), doctor and inventor of the Pap test
• Iphigenia Photaki (1921–1983), organic chemist
• Irini Sereti, scientist, physician, and chief of the HIV pathogenesis section at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
• Panayotis Varotsos (b. 1947), physicist
• Leonidas Zervas (1902–1980), organic chemist known for the Bergmann-Zervas synthesis

• Helene Ahrweiler (b. 1926), Byzantinologist
• Manolis Andronikos (1919–1992), archaeologist
• Anna Apostolaki (1880-1968), archaeologist and museum curator
• Vladimir Beneshevich (1874–1938), historian
• Cornelius Castoriadis (1922–1997), philosopher
• Takis Fotopoulos (b. 1940), philosopher
• Emmanuel Kriaras (1906–2014), philologer
• Angeliki Laiou (1941–2008), Byzantinologist

• Stephanos Constantinides (born 1941), Cyprus, Canadian scholar
• Odysseas Elytis (1911–1996), poet and recipient of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Literature
• Nikos Engonopoulos (1903–1985), poet and painter
• Nikos Gatsos (1911–1992), poet and lyricist
• Kostas Karyotakis (1896–1928), poet
• Nikos Kazantzakis (1883–1957), writer
• Kostis Palamas (1859–1943), poet and co-founder of the New Athenian School
• Lefteris Papadopoulos (b. 1935), lyricist
• Giorgos Seferis (1900–1971), poet and recipient of the 1963 Nobel Prize in Literature
• Angelos Sikelianos (1884–1951), poet and playwright
• Stefanos Tassopoulos (1939-2013), poet and playwright
• Nanos Valaoritis (1921–2019), writer
• Kostas Varnalis (1884–1974), poet
• Dinesh Weerawansa (b. 1966), Editor-in-Chief of the Sri Lankan Sunday Observer (2006–2014)

• Thanos Mikroutsikos (1947–2019), composer
• Lakis Nikolaou (b. 1949), footballer

• Sofia Voutsaki, Bronze Age Aegean archaeologist