List of concurrent and parallel programming languages

Summary

This article lists concurrent and parallel programming languages, categorizing them by a defining paradigm. Concurrent and parallel programming languages involve multiple timelines. Such languages provide synchronization constructs whose behavior is defined by a parallel execution model. A concurrent programming language is defined as one which uses the concept of simultaneously executing processes or threads of execution as a means of structuring a program. A parallel language is able to express programs that are executable on more than one processor. Both types are listed, as concurrency is a useful tool in expressing parallelism, but it is not necessary. In both cases, the features must be part of the language syntax and not an extension such as a library (libraries such as the posix-thread library implement a parallel execution model but lack the syntax and grammar required to be a programming language).

The following categories aim to capture the main, defining feature of the languages contained, but they are not necessarily orthogonal.

Coordination languages edit

Dataflow programming edit

Distributed computing edit

Event-driven and hardware description edit

Functional programming edit

Logic programming edit

Monitor-based edit

Multi-threaded edit

Object-oriented programming edit

Partitioned global address space (PGAS) edit

Message passing edit

Actor model edit

CSP-based edit

APIs/frameworks edit

These application programming interfaces support parallelism in host languages.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Thom Frühwirth (9 July 2009). Constraint Handling Rules. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87776-3.
  2. ^ "Using Threads to Run Code Simultaneously - The Rust Programming Language". doc.rust-lang.org. Retrieved 2022-10-11.
  3. ^ Documentation » The Python Standard Library » Concurrent Execution
  4. ^ "Using Message Passing to Transfer Data Between Threads - The Rust Programming Language". doc.rust-lang.org. Retrieved 2022-10-11.
  5. ^ Alan Kay The Early History Of Smalltalk
  6. ^ "Crystal Programming Language – Concurrency". Retrieved 10 August 2018.