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List of extinct languages of Asia

Summary

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This is a list of extinct languages of Asia, languages which have undergone language death, have no native speakers, and no spoken descendant.

Language Endangerment Status
Extinct (EX)
  • Extinct (EX)
Endangered
  • Critically Endangered (CR)
  • Severely Endangered (SE)
  • Definitely Endangered (DE)
  • Vulnerable (VU)
  • (list)
  • (list)
  • (list)
  • (list)
Safe
Other categories
Related topics
UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger category
UNESCO Atlas of the World's
Languages in Danger categories
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There are 114 languages listed. 8 from Central Asia, 21 from East Asia, 14 from South Asia, 26 from Southeast Asia, 9 from Siberia and 36 from West Asia.

List edit

This is an incomplete list. You can help by adding missing items, correcting wrong information and adding reliable sources. (March 2024)

Central Asia edit

Language/dialect Family Date of extinction Ethnic Group(s) Native to
Avestan Indo-European 800s BC[1] Avestan people Central Asia
Bactrian Indo-European 1000s AD[2] Bactrians Bactria
Bulgar Turkic 1200s AD[3] Pontic–Caspian steppe Bulgars
Chagatai Turkic [data missing] Central Asia Chagatai
Cuman Turkic 1770s AD[4] Cumania Cumans
Fergana Kipchak Turkic 1920s AD[5] Fergana Kipchak-speakers Fergana Valley
Hunnic Unclassified [data missing] Huns East of the Volga and Central Asia
Karakhanid Turkic [data missing] Karakhanids Kara-Khanid Khanate
Khazar Turkic 1100s AD[6] Khazars Khazar Khaganate
Khorezmian Turkic 1300s AD[7] Khorezmian speakers Golden Horde and Chagatai Khanate
Khwarezmian Indo-European 1000s AD[8] Khwarezmians Khwarazm
Old Uyghur Turkic 1300s AD[9] Uyghurs in Turfan and Qomul Mongolia, Hami, Turpan and Gansu
Orkhon Turkic Turkic 1200s AD[10] Göktürks Central Asia and East Asia
Sogdian Indo-European 1000s AD[11] Sogdians Sogdia
Xiongnu Yeniseian [data missing] Xiongnu Xiongnu Empire

East Asia edit

Language/dialect Family Date of extinction Ethnic Group(s) Native to
Babuza Austronesian [data missing] Babuza and Taokas western coast of Taiwan
Baekje Koreanic 600s AD[12] Baekje Baekje
Basay Austronesian [data missing] Qauqaut and Basay Northern Taiwan
Ba-Shu Sino-Tibetan [data missing] Ba–Shu Sichuan Basin
Buyeo unclassified [data missing] Yemaek Manchuria
Di Turkic [data missing] Di western China
Favorlang Austronesian [data missing] Babuza Taiwan
Gaya Koreanic [data missing] Kara tribal confederation Gaya confederacy
Goguryeo Koreanic? 700s AD[13] Goguryeo people Manchuria and Korea
Khitan Para-Mongolic? 1125 AD[14] Khitan people northeastern China, southeastern Mongolia and eastern Siberia
Kulon Austronesian [data missing] Kulon speakers Taiwan
Jie either Yeniseian or Turkic [data missing] Jie people Northern China
Luilang Austronesian [data missing] Ketagalan Banqiao District
Old Yue unclassified [data missing] Nanyue Southern China
Papora-Hoanya Austronesian [data missing] Papora and Hoanya Taiwan
Rouran Unclassified [data missing] The Rouran Mongolia and Northern China
Saka Indo-European [data missing] Saka Tarim Basin
Tangut Sino-Tibetan 1500s AD[15] Tangut Tarim Basin
Tocharian Sino-Tibetan [data missing] Tocharians Western Xia
Xianbei Para-Mongolic? [data missing] Xianbei Xianbei state
Zhang-Zhung Sino-Tibetan 900s AD[16] Zhangzhung people western Tibet

South Asia edit

Language/dialect Family Date of extinction Ethnic Group(s) Native to
Ahom Kra–Dai [data missing] Ahom Assam
Aka-Bea Andamanese 1931 AD[17] Bea western Andaman Strait and the northern and western coast of South Andaman
Aka-Bo Andamanese February 2010[18] Bo west central coast of the North Andaman and on the North Reef Island
Aka-Cari Andamanese April 4, 2020[19] Cari north coast of North Andaman and on Landfall
Aka-Kede Andamanese 1930-1950s AD[17] Aka-Kede Southeast Middle Andaman
Aka-Kol Andamanese 1921 AD[17] Kol Northern section of Middle Andaman
Aka-Kora Andamanese 2004 AD[20] Kora northeast and north central coasts of North Andaman and Smith Island
Akar-Bale Andamanese 1930-1950s AD[17] Bale Ritchie's Archipelago, Havelock island and Neil Island
Cochin Portuguese creole Portuguese Creole 20 August 2010[21] Cochin Portuguese Creole speakers Kochi
Dura Sino-Tibetan August 2008[22] Dura Nepal
Jangil Andamanese 1905[23] Jangil Rutland Island
Lubanki Indo-European [data missing] Labana Punjab
Moran Sino-Tibetan [data missing] Morans Assam
Oko-Juwoi Andamanese 1931 AD[17] Juwoi west central and southwest interior of Middle Andaman
Pucikwar Andamanese 1930-1950s AD[17] Pucikwar south coast of Middle Andaman, northeast coast of South Andaman and Baratang Island

Southeast Asia edit

Language/dialect Family Date of extinction Ethnic Group(s) Native to
Dicamay Agta Austronesian [data missing] Aeta Luzon
Hoti Austronesian [data missing] Hoti speakers Maluku Islands
Hukumina Austronesian [data missing] Hukumina speakers northwest Buru
Kamarian Austronesian [data missing] Kamarian language west Seram Island
Katabaga Austronesian [data missing] Agta Bondoc Peninsula
Kayeli Austronesian [data missing] Kayeli people Buru
Kenaboi unclassified [data missing] Kenaboi Negeri Sembilan
Lelak Austronesian [data missing] Lelak people Sarawak
Moksela unclassified [data missing] Moksela people Sula Islands
Nila Austronesian [data missing] Nila speakers Nila Island and Seram Island
Portugis Portuguese Creole [data missing] Christians of mixed Portuguese and Malay ancestry Indonesia
Pyu Sino-Tibetan 1100s AD[24] Pyu people Myanmar
Sabüm Austroasiatic [data missing] Malaysians Malaysia
Seru Austronesian [data missing] Seru speaking people Sarawak
Serua Austronesian [data missing] Seruans Seram Island
Tambora Papuan [data missing] Tombarans Sumbawa
Tandia Austronesian [data missing] Tandia speakers West Papua
Wila' Austroasiatic [data missing] Wila' speaking people Malaysia

Siberia edit

Language/dialect Family Date of extinction Ethnic Group(s) Native to
Arin Yeniseian 1700s AD[25] Ara Yenisey between Yeniseysk and Krasnoyarsk
Kamassian Uralic 1989 AD[26] Kamasins north of the Sayan Mountains
Kott Yeniseian 1800s AD[27] Kott speakers Mana
Mator Uralic 1840 AD[28] Koibal Sayan Mountains
Pumpokol Yeniseian 1800-1860 AD[29] Pumpokol speakers Yenisey
Sireniki Eskaleut 1997 AD[30] Sirenik Eskimos Bering Strait region
Yugh Yeniseian 1900s AD[31] Yug Yenisey
Yurats Uralic 1800s AD[32] Yurats West of the Yenisey

West Asia edit

Language/dialect Family Date of extinction Ethnic Group(s) Native to
Aghwan Northwest Caucasian 700s AD[33] Caucasian Albanians Caucasian Albania
Akkadian Afro-Asiatic 100s AD[34] Akkadians Mesopotamia
Ammonite Afro-Asiatic [data missing] Ammonites northwestern Jordan
Amorite Afro-Asiatic [data missing] Amorites Levant
Armazic Afro-Asiatic 100s AD[35] Aramaic Caucasians South Caucasus
Azari Indo-European [data missing] People of Azarbaijan Iranian Azerbaijan
Carian Indo-European 200s BC[36] Carians Caria
Deilami Indo-European [data missing] Daylamites South Caspian Sea
Eblaite Afro-Asiatic 3rd millenium BC[37] Eblabites Ebla
Edomite Afro-Asiatic early half of 1st millennium BC[38] Edomites southwest Jordan and southern Israel
Elamite language isolate 700s BC[39] Elamites Elam
Galatian Indo-European 500s AD[40] Galatians Galatia
Gutian unclassified [data missing] Guti Zagros Mountains?
Hadramautic Afro-Asiatic 600s AD[41] Hadramites Yemen, Oman and Saudi Arabia
Hattian unclassified 2nd millennium BC[42] Hattians Anatolia
Himyarite Afro-Asiatic [data missing] The Himyarite tribal confederacy Yemen
Hittite Indo-European 1180s BC[43] Hittites Anatolia
Hurrian Hurro-Urartian 1st millennium BC[44] Hurrians Mittani
Isaurian Indo-European [data missing] Isaurians Isauria
Kalasmaic Indo-European [data missing] Luwic people Anatolia
Kassite Hurro-Urartian ? [data missing] Kassites Babylon
Luwian Indo-European 1st millennium BC[45] Luwians Anatolia and northern Syria
Lycaonia unclassified [data missing] Lycaonians Lycaonia
Lycian Indo-European 200s BC[46] Lycians Lycia and Lycaonia
Lydian Indo-European 200s BC[47] Lydians Lydia
Median Indo-European 100s AD[48] Medes Persia
Milyan Indo-European First millenium BC[49] Milyans Milyas
Minaean Afro-Asiatic [data missing] Minaeans Yemen
Minoan unclassified 1450s BC[50] Moabites Crete and Ugarit
Moabite Afro-Asiatic early half of 1st millennium BC[51] Minoans northwestern Jordan
Mysian Indo-European 0s BC[52] Mysians Mysia
Nabatean Afro-Asiatic [data missing] Nabataeans Levant, Sinai Peninsula and northwest Arabia
Old Anatolian Turkish Turkic 1400s AD[53] Oghuz Turks Anatolia
Ottoman Turkish Turkic 1950s AD[54] Ottoman Turks Ottoman Empire
Palaic Indo-European 2nd millennium BC[55] Palaic Peoples Pala
Parthian Afro-Asiatic 1000s AD[56] Parthians Persia, Armenia, Iberia and Caucasian Albania
Pisidic Indo-European 200s BC[57] Pisidians Pisidia
Philistine unclassified [data missing] Philistines Philistia
Phoenician Afro-Asiatic 1st millennium BC[58] Phoenicians Canaan and Cyprus
Phrygian Indo-European 100s AD[59] Phrygians Central Anatolia
Qatabanian Afro-Asiatic 600s AD[60] People of Qataban Yemen
Sabaic Afro-Asiatic 600s AD[61] Sabaeans Yemen
Samalian Afro-Asiatic [data missing] People of Samʾal Samʾal
Sidetic Indo-European 200s BC[62] People of Side Side
Sumerian language isolate 0s AD[63] Sumerians Sumer and Akkad
Ugaritic Afro-Asiatic 1300s BC[64] People of Ugarit Levant
Ubykh Northwest Caucasian 7 October 1992 AD[65] Ubykh Ubykhia
Urartian Hurro-Urartian 1300 BC[66] Urartian Urartu

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Avestan". Archived from the original on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2024. 1200 - 800 BC.
  2. ^ "Bactrian". Archived from the original on 3 October 2021. Retrieved 2024-03-08.
  3. ^ "Volga-Bolgarian". Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2024. 13th century AD.
  4. ^ Melnyk, Mykola (2022). Byzantium and the Pechenegs.
  5. ^ "mutual-intelligibility-among-the-turkic.pdf" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-04-07. This lect is the descendant of the Fergana Kipchak language that went extinct in the late 1920's.
  6. ^ "Khazar". Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2024. 6th - 12th century AD.
  7. ^ "Khorezmian". Archived from the original on 5 June 2012. Retrieved 2024-03-08.
  8. ^ "Chorasmian". Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 2024-03-08.
  9. ^ "Old Uighur". Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 2024-03-08.
  10. ^ "Old Turkish". Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 2024-03-08.
  11. ^ "Sogdian". Archived from the original on 13 March 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2024. 100 BC - 1000 AD.
  12. ^ "Paekche". Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  13. ^ "Koguryo". Archived from the original on 2 September 2019. Retrieved 2024-04-25. 1st century to mid-8th century A.D.
  14. ^ "Kitan". Archived from the original on 2 June 2012. Retrieved 2024-03-08.
  15. ^ "Tangut". Archived from the original on 6 April 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2024. c. 11th - 16th centuries AD.
  16. ^ "Zhang-zhung". Archived from the original on 19 January 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2024. 7th - 10th century AD.
  17. ^ a b c d e f George van Driem (2001), Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region : Containing an Introduction to the Symbiotic Theory of Language, BRILL, ISBN 90-04-12062-9, ... The Aka-Kol tribe of Middle Andaman became extinct by 1921. The Oko-Juwoi of Middle Andaman and the Aka-Bea of South Andaman and Rutland Island were extinct by 1931. The Akar-Bale of Ritchie's Archipelago, the Aka-Kede of Middle Andaman and the A-Pucikwar of South Andaman Island soon followed. By 1951, the census counted a total of only 23 Greater Andamanese and 10 Sentinelese. That means that just ten men, twelve women and one child remained of the Aka-Kora, Aka-Cari and Aka-Jeru tribes of Greater Andaman and only ten natives of North Sentinel Island ...
  18. ^ "Language lost as last member of Andaman tribe dies". The Daily Telegraph. 5 February 2010. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  19. ^ "Remembering Licho, the Last Speaker of the Sare Language". Terralingua. April 30, 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  20. ^ "The Hindu". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  21. ^ "The Death of an Indian-born Language". Open Magazine. 28 October 2010. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  22. ^ "The last of Nepal's Dura speakers". BBC. January 15, 2008. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  23. ^ "The Andamanese". Archived from the original on 20 May 2013. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  24. ^ "Pyu". Archived from the original on 5 June 2021. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  25. ^ "Arin". Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  26. ^ "Dying Languages". Dzen. February 9, 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  27. ^ "Kott". Archived from the original on 21 September 2012. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  28. ^ "Mator". Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  29. ^ "CV_20240423_SES44_002 (2).pdf" (PDF). Retrieved 23 April 2024. including Kott/Assan, Arin, Pumpokol, all extinct between about 1800 and 1860
  30. ^ "Sirenik". Archived from the original on 10 December 2012. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  31. ^ "Yug". Archived from the original on 12 March 2021. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  32. ^ "CV_20240423_SES44_002 (2).pdf" (PDF). Retrieved 23 April 2024. Yurats was another Samoyedic language replaced by the eastward advance of Tundra Nenets, extinct during the nineteenth century, with meager documentation
  33. ^ "Aghwan". Archived from the original on 26 December 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2024. 6th-8th Centuries AD.
  34. ^ "Neo-Assyrian". Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  35. ^ "Armazic". Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 2024-04-16. 1st-2nd centuries AD.
  36. ^ "Carian". Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  37. ^ "Palaeosyrian". Archived from the original on 10 January 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2024. 3rd Millenium BC.
  38. ^ "Edomite". Archived from the original on 9 March 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2024. Earlier half of the 1st Millennium BC.
  39. ^ "Elamite". Archived from the original on 2 April 2017. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  40. ^ "Galatian". Archived from the original on 7 November 2019. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  41. ^ "Hadramitic". Archived from the original on 15 September 2012. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  42. ^ "Hatti". Archived from the original on 9 March 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2024. 2nd Millennium BC.
  43. ^ "Hittite". Archived from the original on 10 August 2016. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  44. ^ "Hurrian". Archived from the original on 17 July 2019. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  45. ^ "Hieroglyphic Luwian". Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2024. 2nd-1st Millennium BC.
  46. ^ "Lycian". Archived from the original on 9 March 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2024. 500 BC to about 200 BC.
  47. ^ "Lydian". Archived from the original on 1 January 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2024. 8th to ? 3rd century BC.
  48. ^ "Median". Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 2024-03-13.
  49. ^ "Milyan". Archived from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  50. ^ "Minoan". Archived from the original on 9 October 2019. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  51. ^ "Moabite". Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  52. ^ "Mysian". Archived from the original on 16 February 2022. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  53. ^ "Old Anatolian Turkish". Archived from the original on 30 January 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2024. It continued to be spoken until the 15th century AD, developing ultimately into the Turkish varieties of later years.
  54. ^ "Turkey – Language Reform: From Ottoman To Turkish". Countrystudies.us. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  55. ^ "Palaic". Archived from the original on 22 February 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2024. 2nd Millennium BC.
  56. ^ "Parthian". Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  57. ^ "Pisidian". Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  58. ^ "Phoenician". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  59. ^ "Neo-Phrygian". Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  60. ^ "Qatabanic". Archived from the original on 18 September 2012. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  61. ^ "Sabaic". Archived from the original on 24 January 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2024. 100 BC - 600 AD.
  62. ^ "Sidetic". Archived from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  63. ^ "Sumerian". Archived from the original on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  64. ^ "Ugaritic". Archived from the original on 22 March 2021. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  65. ^ Koerner, E. F. K. (1 January 1998). First Person Singular III: Autobiographies by North American Scholars in the Language Sciences. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 33. ISBN 978-90-272-4576-2.
  66. ^ "Urartean". Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 2024-03-06.