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List of federally recognized tribes by state

Summary

Federally recognized tribes are those Native American tribes recognized by the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs as holding a government-to-government relationship with the US federal government.[1] For Alaska Native tribes, see list of Alaska Native tribal entities. As of January 8, 2024, 574 Indian tribes were legally recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) of the United States.[2][3] Of these, 227 are located in Alaska and 109 are located in California.

Map of states with US federally recognized tribes marked in yellow. States with no federally recognized tribes are marked in gray.

Description edit

In the United States, the Native American tribe is a fundamental unit of sovereign tribal government. As the Department of the Interior explains, "federally recognized tribes are recognized as possessing certain inherent rights of self-government (i.e., tribal sovereignty)...."[1] The constitution grants to the U.S. Congress the right to interact with tribes. More specifically, the Supreme Court of the United States in United States v. Sandoval (231 US. 28 [1913]) warned, "it is not ... that Congress may bring a community or body of people within range of this power by arbitrarily calling them an Indian tribe, but only that in respect of distinctly Indian communities the questions whether, to what extent, and for what time they shall be recognized and dealt with as dependent tribes" (at 46).[4] Federal tribal recognition grants to tribes the right to self-government, as well as certain benefits. The recognition process is largely controlled by the United States federal agency the Bureau of Indian Affairs, in consultation with federally recognized tribes.

In January 2015, the United States' Federal Register issued an official list of 566 tribes that are Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs.[5] The number of tribes increased to 567 in July 2015 with the federal recognition of the Pamunkey tribe in Virginia.[6] USA.gov, the federal government's official web portal, maintains a list of tribal governments which is constantly updated. Ancillary information present in former versions of this list but no longer contained in the current listing have been included here in italics print.

In 2018, six more Virginia-based tribes were added to the list, then in 2020 the Little Shell Chippewa were recognized bringing the total to 574.[7] Of these, 231 are located in Alaska.

Except for Hawaii, states that have no federally recognized tribes today forcibly removed tribes from their region in the 19th century,[8] mainly to the west and especially to Indian Territory, now Oklahoma.[9]

Alabama edit

Alaska edit

Arizona edit

Multiple states:

Arkansas edit

No federally recognized tribes

California edit

Multiple states:

Colorado edit

Multiple states:

Connecticut edit

Delaware edit

No federally recognized tribes

Florida edit

Georgia edit

No federally recognized tribes

Hawaii edit

No federally recognized tribes

Idaho edit

Multiple states:

Illinois edit

No federally recognized tribes

Indiana edit

Multiple states:

Iowa edit

Kansas edit

Multiple states:

Kentucky edit

No federally recognized tribes

Louisiana edit

Maine edit

Maryland edit

No federally recognized tribes

Massachusetts edit

Michigan edit

Multiple states:

Minnesota edit

Multiple states:

Mississippi edit

Multiple states:

Missouri edit

No federally recognized tribes

Montana edit

Multiple states:

Nebraska edit

Multiple states:

Nevada edit

Multiple states:

New Hampshire edit

No federally recognized tribes

New Jersey edit

No federally recognized tribes

New Mexico edit

Multiple states:

New York edit

North Carolina edit

North Dakota edit

Multiple states:

Ohio edit

No federally recognized tribes

Oklahoma edit

Oregon edit

Multiple states:

Pennsylvania edit

No federally recognized tribes

Rhode Island edit

South Carolina edit

South Dakota edit

Multiple states:

Tennessee edit

Multiple states:

Texas edit

Utah edit

Multiple states:

Vermont edit

No federally recognized tribes

Virginia edit

Washington edit

West Virginia edit

No federally recognized tribes

Wisconsin edit

 
Flags of Wisconsin tribes in the state capitol

Multiple states:

Wyoming edit

See also edit

Native Americans in the United States

Indigenous peoples in Canada

References edit

  1. ^ a b "Why Tribes Exist Today in the United States". Frequently Asked Questions. Bureau of Indian Affairs, US Department of the Interior. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  2. ^ Bureau of Indian Affairs, Interior. (January 8, 2024). "Notice Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs". Federal Register. 89 (944): 944–48. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
  3. ^ Federal Acknowledgment of the Pamunkey Indian Tribe Archived 2015-07-14 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Sheffield (1998) p. 56
  5. ^ Federal Register, Volume 80, Number 9 dated January 14, 2015
  6. ^ Federal Acknowledgment of the Pamunkey Indian Tribe Archived 2015-07-14 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Hilleary, Cecily (January 31, 2018). "US Recognizes 6 Virginia Native American Tribes". Voice of America. Retrieved May 24, 2021.
  8. ^ "American Indian Removal". Native Knowledge 360°. National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  9. ^ "Shawnee Nation Case Study". Native Knowledge 360°. National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  10. ^ "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs". Federal Register. 87 (FR 2112): 2112–16. 12 January 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  11. ^ McLaughlin, Kathleen (21 Dec 2019). "A big moment finally comes for the Little Shell: Federal recognition of their tribe". Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  12. ^ "State of the Tribe Fiscal Year 2021" (PDF). Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  13. ^ "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs". 28 January 2022.
  14. ^ Federal Registrar, July 23, 2018: p. 34865

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