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List of fungi of South Africa

Summary

This is a list of the lists of fungal taxa as recorded from South Africa. Names given are as provided by the source, but authorities and dates should be aligned with current practice where feasible. Currently accepted names have been appended where the listed name is out of date.

A fungus (plural: fungi[1] or funguses[2]) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, those being Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista.

A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the Eumycota (true fungi or Eumycetes), which share a common ancestor (from a monophyletic group), an interpretation that is also strongly supported by molecular phylogenetics. This fungal group is distinct from the structurally similar myxomycetes (slime molds) and oomycetes (water molds). The discipline of biology devoted to the study of fungi is known as mycology (from the Greek μύκης mykes, mushroom). In the past, mycology was regarded as a branch of botany, although it is now known fungi are genetically more closely related to animals than to plants.

Abundant worldwide, most fungi are inconspicuous because of the small size of their structures, and their cryptic lifestyles in soil or on dead matter. Fungi include symbionts of plants, animals, or other fungi and also parasites. They may become noticeable when fruiting, either as mushrooms or as molds. Fungi perform an essential role in the decomposition of organic matter and have fundamental roles in nutrient cycling and exchange in the environment. They have long been used as a direct source of human food, in the form of mushrooms and truffles; as a leavening agent for bread; and in the fermentation of various food products, such as wine, beer, and soy sauce. Since the 1940s, fungi have been used for the production of antibiotics, and, more recently, various enzymes produced by fungi are used industrially and in detergents. Fungi are also used as biological pesticides to control weeds, plant diseases and insect pests. Many species produce bioactive compounds called mycotoxins, such as alkaloids and polyketides, that are toxic to animals including humans. The fruiting structures of a few species contain psychotropic compounds and are consumed recreationally or in traditional spiritual ceremonies. Fungi can break down manufactured materials and buildings, and become significant pathogens of humans and other animals. Losses of crops due to fungal diseases (e.g., rice blast disease) or food spoilage can have a large impact on human food supplies and local economies.

The fungus kingdom encompasses an enormous diversity of taxa with varied ecologies, life cycle strategies, and morphologies ranging from unicellular aquatic chytrids to large mushrooms. However, little is known of the true biodiversity of Kingdom Fungi, which has been estimated at 2.2 million to 3.8 million species.[3] Of these, only about 148,000 have been described,[4] with over 8,000 species known to be detrimental to plants and at least 300 that can be pathogenic to humans.[5] Ever since the pioneering 18th and 19th century taxonomical works of Carl Linnaeus, Christiaan Hendrik Persoon, and Elias Magnus Fries, fungi have been classified according to their morphology (e.g., characteristics such as spore color or microscopic features) or physiology. Advances in molecular genetics have opened the way for DNA analysis to be incorporated into taxonomy, which has sometimes challenged the historical groupings based on morphology and other traits. Phylogenetic studies published in the first decade of the 21st century have helped reshape the classification within Kingdom Fungi, which is divided into one subkingdom, seven phyla, and ten subphyla.

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Genus: Kalchbrennera Berk. 1876, accepted as Lysurus Fr., (1823)

  • Kalchbrennera corallocephala (Welw. & Curr.) Kalchbr. 1880[6] accepted as Lysurus corallocephalus Welw. & Curr., (1868)
  • Kalchbrennera tuckii Berk. 1876[6]
  • Kalchbrennera tuckii var. microcephala Pole Evans[6]*

Genus: Kloeckerospora*

  • Kloeckerospora uvarum Niehaus[6]*

Genus: Kretzschmaria Fr. 1849

  • Kretzschmaria cetrarioides (Welw. & Curr.) Sacc. 1883[6]
  • Kretzschmaria knysnana Van der Byl 1932[6]
  • Kretzschmaria micropus (Fr.) Sacc. 1882[6]

Genus: Kuehneola Magnus 1898

Genus: Kupsura Lloyd 1924, accepted as Lysurus Fr., (1823)

  • Kupsura sphaerocephala Lloyd 1924[6]

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Genus: Naemacyclus Fuckel 1874

  • Naemacyclus niveus (Pers.) Fuckel ex Sacc. 1884[7] accepted as Cyclaneusma niveum (Pers.) DiCosmo, Peredo & Minter, (1983)

Genus: Naevia Fr. 1824, accepted as Arthonia Ach., (1806)

  • Naevia rotundata Vain. 1901[8]

Genus: Naucoria (Fr.) P.Kumm. (1871), accepted as Alnicola Kühner (1926)

  • Naucoria arenicola (Berk.) Sacc. 1887[8] accepted as Agrocybe pediades (Fr.) Fayod, (1889)
  • Naucoria arvalis Quel. [sic][8] possibly (Fr.) Sacc. 1887, accepted as Agrocybe arvalis (Fr.) Singer, (1936)
  • Naucoria furfuracea Quel. [sic][8] possibly (Pers.) P. Kumm. 1871, accepted as Tubaria furfuracea (Pers.) Gillet, [1878]
  • Naucoria pediades Quel. [sic][8] possibly (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871, accepted as Agrocybe pediades (Fr.) Fayod, (1889)
  • Naucoria pediades var. obscuripes Fayod 1890[8] accepted as Agrocybe pediades (Fr.) Fayod, (1889)
  • Naucoria pygmaea (Bull.) Gillet 1876[8] accepted as Psathyrella pygmaea (Bull.) Singer, (1951)
  • Naucoria russa (Cooke & Massee) Sacc. 1887[8]
  • Naucoria scolecina (Fr.) Quél. 1875[8]
  • Naucoria semiorbicularis (Bull.) Quél. 1875[8] accepted as Agrocybe pediades (Fr.) Fayod, (1889)
  • Naucoria undulosa (Fr.) Sacc. 1887[8]

Genus: Nectria (Fr.) Fr. 1849

  • Nectria cinnabarina (Tode) Fr. 1849[8]
  • Nectria coccinea (Pers.) Fr. 1849[8]
  • Nectria coccophila (Tul. & C. Tul.) Wollenw. & Reinking 1935[8] accepted as Cosmospora flammea (Berk. & Ravenel) Rossman & Samuels, (1999)
  • Nectria ditissima Tul. & C. Tul. (1865),[8] accepted as Neonectria ditissima (Tul. & C. Tul.) Samuels & Rossman (2006)
  • Nectria episphaeria (Tode) Fr. 1849,[8] accepted as Dialonectria episphaeria (Tode) Cooke [as episphærica], (1884)
  • Nectria eximia Kalchbr. & Cooke 1880[8]
  • Nectria furfuracea Kalchbr. & Cooke 1880[8]
  • Nectria galligena Bres. 1901 [as gallingena][8] accepted as Neonectria ditissima (Tul. & C. Tul.) Samuels & Rossman, (2006)
  • Nectria heterosperma Kalchbr. & Cooke 1880[8]
  • Nectria leocarpoides Kalchbr. & Cooke 1880[8]
  • Nectria martialis Kalchbr. & Cooke 1880[8]
  • Nectria meliolopsidicola Henn. 1895 [as mellopsicola][8] accepted as Cosmospora meliolopsidicola (Henn.) Rossman & Samuels [as 'meliopsicola'], (1999)
  • Nectria perpusilla Sacc. 1913, Nom. illegit.[8]
  • Nectria peziza (Tode) Fr. 1849[8]
  • Nectria sp.[8]

Family:Nectrioidaceae Sacc. 1884[8]

Genus: Nematospora Peglion 1897

Genus: Nematostigma Syd. & P. Syd. 1913

  • Nematostigma obducens Syd. & P. Syd. 1913,[8]

Genus: Neobarclaya Kuntze 1898

  • Neobarclaya congesta (Berk. & Broome) Petch 1924[8] accepted as Deshpandiella jambolana (T.S. Ramakr., Sriniv. & Sundaram) Kamat & Ullasa, (1973)
  • Neobarclaya natalensis P. Syd. 1899[8] accepted as Deshpandiella jambolana (T.S. Ramakr., Sriniv. & Sundaram) Kamat & Ullasa, (1973)

Genus: Neocosmospora E.F. Sm. 1899 accepted as Fusarium Link, (1809)

  • Neocosmospora vasinfecta E.F. Sm. 1899[8] accepted as Fusarium neocosmosporiellum O'Donnell & Geiser, (2013)
  • Neocosmospora vasinifecta var. tracheiphila E.F. Sm. 1899[8] accepted as Fusarium neocosmosporiellum O'Donnell & Geiser, (2013)

Genus: Neopeckia Sacc. 1883

  • Neopeckia caesalpiniae Doidge 1948[8] accepted as Herpotrichia caesalpiniae (Doidge) Sivan., (1972)
  • Neopeckia rhodostoma Syd. & P. Syd. 1917[8]

Genus: Nephroma Ach. 1809(Lichens)

  • Nephroma africanum Gyeln. 1931[8]
  • Nephroma capense A. Massal. 1861[8]
  • Nephroma cellulosum (Sm.) Ach. 1810[8]
  • Nephroma flavireagens Gyeln. 1931[8]
  • Nephroma helveticum Ach. 1810[8]
  • Nephroma laevigatum Ach. 1814[8]
  • Nephroma resupinatum f. helveticum Rabenh. 1845[8]
  • Nephroma tropicum (Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr. 1925[8]

Genus: Nephromium Nyl. 1860, accepted as Nephroma Ach., (1809)

  • Nephromium helveticum (Ach.) Nyl. 1888[8] accepted as Nephroma helveticum Ach. [as helvetica], (1810)
  • Nephromium tropicum Müll. Arg. 1883[8]
  • Nephromium laevigatum (Ach.) Nyl. 1858[8] accepted as Nephroma laevigatum Ach. [as laevigata], (1814)

Genus: Nesolechia A. Massal. 1856 accepted as Phacopsis Tul., (1852)

  • Nesolechia perforans (Stizenb.) Vouaux 1913;[8]

Family: Nidulariaceae Dumort. 1822[8]

Genus: Nidularia Fr. 1817

  • Nidularia dasypus (Nees) Fr. 1823[8]

Genus: Nigrospora Zimm. 1902

Genus: Niopsora A. Massal. 1861, accepted as Caloplaca Th. Fr., (1860)

  • Niopsora ecklonii A. Massal. 1861[8]

Genus: Niorma A. Massal. 1861

  • Niorma derelicta A. Massal. 1861[8]

Genus: Nolanea (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871

  • Nolanea casta (MacOwan) Sacc. 1887[8] accepted as Mycena casta (MacOwan) D.A. Reid, (1975)
  • Nolanea leuciscus Kalchbr.[8]*

Genus: Normandina Nyl. 1855

Genus: Nummularia Tul. & C. Tul. 1863 accepted as Biscogniauxia Kuntze, (1891)

  • Nummularia clypeus (Schwein.) Cooke 1883[8] accepted as Biscogniauxia mediterranea (De Not.) Kuntze, (1891)
  • Nummularia kalchbrenneri (Sacc.) J.H. Mill. 1942,[8] accepted as Biscogniauxia kalchbrenneri (Sacc.) Y.M. Ju & J.D. Rogers, (1998)
  • Nummularia lepida Syd. 1924[8] accepted as Biscogniauxia kalchbrenneri (Sacc.) Y.M. Ju & J.D. Rogers, (1998)
  • Nummularia placenta Cooke[8] accepted as Biscogniauxia kalchbrenneri (Sacc.) Y.M. Ju & J.D. Rogers, (1998)
  • Nummularia punctulata (Berk. & Ravenel) Sacc. 1882 [as punctulatum][8] accepted as Camillea punctulata (Berk. & Ravenel) Læssøe, J.D. Rogers & Whalley, (1989)
  • Nummularia suborbicularis (Welw. & Curr.) Sacc. 1882, [as suborbiculare][8]
  • Nummularia uniapiculata Penz. & Sacc. [as uni-apiculata], (1898)[8] accepted as Biscogniauxia uniapiculata (Penz. & Sacc.) Whalley & Læssøe, (1990)

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Genus: Ocellularia G. Mey. 1825 (Lichens)

  • Ocellularia capensis var. feracior Zahlbr. 1932[8]
  • Ocellularia capensis var. leiothallina Zahlbr. 1932[8]
  • Ocellularia cavata (Ach.) Müll. Arg. 1882[8]
  • Ocellularia diploschistoides Zahlbr. 1932[8]
  • Ocellularia galactina Zahlbr. 1932[8]
  • Ocellularia henatomma (Ach.) Müll. Arg. 1887[8]

Genus: Ochrolechia A.Massal. (1852) (Lichens)

Genus: Octaviania Vittad. 1831

  • Octaviania africana Lloyd 1922[8] accepted as Neosecotium africanum (Lloyd) Singer & A.H. Sm., (1960)
  • Octaviania carnea (Wallr.) Corda 1854[8] accepted as Hydnangium carneum Wallr., (1839)
  • Octaviania flava G.H.Cunn.[8] accepted as Stephanospora flava (Rodway) G.W. Beaton, Pegler & T.W.K. Young, (1985)

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Genus: Odontia Pers. 1794

  • Odontia arguta (Fr.) Quél. 1888[8] accepted as Hyphodontia arguta (Fr.) J. Erikss., (1958)
  • Odontia knysnana Van der Byl 1934[8] accepted as Xylodon knysnanus (Van der Byl) Hjortstam & Ryvarden, (2009)
  • Odontia saccharicola Burt 1917[8] accepted as Resinicium saccharicola (Burt) Nakasone, (2000)

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Genus: Oidiopsis Scalia 1902 accepted as Leveillula G. Arnaud, (1921)

Genus: Oidium Link 1824

  • Oidium abelmoschi Thüm. 1878[8] accepted as Fibroidium abelmoschi (Thüm.) U. Braun & R.T.A. Cook, (2012)
  • Oidium chrysanthemi Rabenh. 1853[8] accepted as Golovinomyces chrysanthemi (Rabenh.) M. Bradshaw, U. Braun, Meeboon & S. Takam., (2017)
  • Oidium erysiphoides Fr. (1832),[8] accepted as Golovinomyces biocellatus (Ehrenb.) V.P. Heluta, (1988)
  • Oidium farinosum Cooke (1887),[8] accepted as Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis & Everh.) E.S. Salmon, (1900)
  • Oidium hortensiae Jørst. 1925[8] accepted as Pseudoidium hortensiae (Jørst. ex S. Blumer) U. Braun & R.T.A. Cook, (2012)
  • Oidium lactis Fresen. 1850[8] accepted as Dipodascus geotrichum (E.E. Butler & L.J. Petersen) Arx, (1977)
  • Oidium leuconium Desm. 1829[8] accepted as Podosphaera pannosa (Wallr.) de Bary, (1870)
  • Oidium lycopersici Cooke & Massee, (1888) [as lycopersicum][8] accepted as Golovinomyces lycopersici (Cooke & Massee) L. Kiss, (2019)
  • Oidium mangiferae Berthet 1914[8]
  • Oidium quercinum Thüm. 1878[8] accepted as Erysiphe alphitoides (Griffon & Maubl.) U. Braun & S. Takam., (2000)
  • Oidium tabaci Thüm. 1879[8] accepted as Golovinomyces cichoracearum (DC.) V.P. Heluta [as 'cichoraceorum'], (1988)
  • Oidium tuckeri Berk. 1847[8] accepted as Erysiphe necator Schwein., [1834]
  • Oidium verbenae Thüm. & P.C. Bolle 1885[8] accepted as Acrosporium verbenae (Thüm. & P.C. Bolle) J.A. Stev., (1975)
  • Oidium sp.[8]

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Genus: Olpidiopsis Cornu 1872

  • Olpidiopsis ricciae du Plessis 1933[8]

Genus: Oligostroma Syd. & P. Syd. 1914 accepted as Ramularia Unger, (1833)

  • Oligostroma maculiformis (G. Winter) Doidge 1921[8] accepted as Teratosphaeria maculiformis (G. Winter) Joanne E. Taylor & Crous, (1999)
  • Oligostroma proteae Syd. & P. Syd. 1914[8] accepted as Mycosphaerella proteae (Syd. & P. Syd.) Arx, (1962)

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Genus: Ombrophila Fr. 1849

  • Ombrophila nigrescens Henn. 1902[8]

Genus: Omphalia (Fr.) Gray 1821, accepted as Omphalina Quél., (1886)

  • Omphalia bulbosa Bres. 1920[8]
  • Omphalia glaucophylla Gill. [sic][8] possibly (Lasch) Sacc. 1887
  • Omphalia griseopallida Quel. [sic][8] possibly (Desm.) P. Karst. 1879 accepted as Arrhenia griseopallida (Desm.) Watling, [1988]
  • Omphalia integrella Quel. [sic][8] possibly (Pers.) P. Kumm. 1871 accepted as Delicatula integrella (Pers.) Fayod, (1889)
  • Omphalia linopus (Kalchbr.) Sacc. 1887[8]
  • Omphalia micromeles (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. 1887[8]
  • Omphalia oniscus (Fr.) Gillet 1876[8] accepted as Arrhenia oniscus (Fr.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys [as onisca], (2002)
  • Omphalia pallescens Bres. 1920[8] accepted as Clitocybe torrendii Pegler, (1966)
  • Omphalia paurophylla (Berk.) Sacc. 1891[8]
  • Omphalia polypus (Kalchbr.) Sacc. 1887[8] accepted as Marasmius polypus (Kalchbr.) D.A. Reid, (1975)
  • Omphalia rustica (Fr.) Quél. 1872,[8] accepted as Arrhenia rustica (Fr.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys, (2002)
  • Omphalia scyphoides Quel. [sic][8] possibly (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1871, accepted as Clitopilus scyphoides (Fr.) Singer, (1946)
  • Omphalia syndesmia (Kalchbr.) Sacc. 1887;[8]
  • Omphalia umbellifera Quel. var. cinnabarina Berk.[8]*

Genus: Omphalaria Durieu & Mont. 1847 (?) accepted as Thyrea A. Massal., (1856)

  • Omphalaria minuscula (Nyl.) Vain. 1901[8]

Genus: Omphalodium Meyen & Flot. 1843 (?) (Lichens)

  • Omphalodium hottentottum (Ach.) Flot. 1843[8] accepted as Xanthoparmelia hottentotta (Ach.) A. Thell, Feuerer, Elix & Kärnefelt, J. Hattori (2006)
  • Omphalodium hottentottum var. phalacrum Hue 1900[8]
  • Omphalodium mutabile (Taylor) Minks 1900;[8]

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Genus: Oncospora Kalchbr. 1880

  • Oncospora bullata Kalchbr. & Cooke 1880[8]
  • Oncospora viridans Kalchbr. & Cooke 1880[8]

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Genus: Oospora Wallr. 1833, accepted as Oidium Link, (1824)

Genus: Oothecium Speg. 1918, accepted as Asterostomella Speg., (1886)

  • Oothecium consimile Syd. 1930[9]
  • Oothecium macarangae Petr. 1928[9] accepted as Capnodiastrum macarangae (Petr.) Petr., (1952)
  • Oothecium stylosporum (Cooke) Doidge 1942[9] accepted as Capnodiastrum stylosporum (Cooke) Petr., (1952)

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Genus: Opegrapha (Lichens)

  • Opegrapha adpicta Zahlbr. 1932[9]
  • Opegrapha agelaea Fée 1837[9]
  • Opegrapha atra Pers. 1794[9] accepted as Arthonia atra (Pers.) A. Schneid., (1898)
  • Opegrapha bacillosa Zahlbr. 1936[9]
  • Opegrapha bonplandi Fée 1825[9]
  • Opegrapha capensis Müll. Arg. 1888[9]
  • Opegrapha diagraphoides Nyl. 1869[9]
  • Opegrapha diaphorella Stizenb. 1891[9]
  • Opegrapha emersa Müll. Arg. 1887[9] accepted as Lecanographa lyncea (Sm.) Egea & Torrente, (1994)
  • Opegrapha exiguella Zahlbr. 1936 [as exigualla][9]
  • Opegrapha exornata Zahlbr.[9]
  • Opegrapha interalbata Nyl. 1867[9]
  • Opegrapha lactifera Zahlbr. 1936[9]
  • Opegrapha lyncea (Sm.) Borrer ex Hook. 1833[9] accepted as Lecanographa lyncea (Sm.) Egea & Torrente, (1994)
  • Opegrapha medusulina Nyl. 1895[9]
  • Opegrapha menyharthii Müll. Arg. 1893[9]
  • Opegrapha parvula Nyl. 1876[9]
  • Opegrapha prosodea var. microcarpella Zahlbr. 1936[9]
  • Opegrapha quaternella Nyl. f. congesta Stizenb.[9]*
  • Opegrapha scripta (L.) Ach. 1803[9] accepted as Graphis scripta (L.) Ach., (1809)
  • Opegrapha semiatra Müll. Arg. 1886[9]
  • Opegrapha signatella Vain. 1926[9]
  • Opegrapha tapetica Zahlbr. 1932.[9]
  • Opegrapha ulcerata Müll. Arg. 1895[9]
  • Opegrapha zanei A. Massal. 1861[9]

Genus: Ophiobolus Riess 1854

Genus: Ophiodothella (Henn.) Höhn. 1910

  • Ophiodothella edax (Berk. & Broome) Höhn. 1910[9]
  • Ophiodothella liebenbergii Doidge 1942[9]

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Genus: Orbilia Fr. 1836

  • Orbilia rubella (Pers.) P. Karst. 1871[9]
  • Orbilia xanthostigma (Fr.) Fr. 1849[9]

Family: Orbiliaceae Nannf. 1932[9]

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Genus: Otthia Nitschke ex Fuckel 1870

  • Otthia deformans Pat. 1918[9]

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Genus: Ovularia Sacc. 1880, accepted as Ramularia Unger, (1833)

  • Ovularia bistorta (Fuckel) Sacc. 1886[9] accepted as Ramularia bistortae Fuckel, (1870)
  • Ovularia lolii Volkart 1903[9] accepted as Ramularia lolii (Volkart) U. Braun, (1988)

Genus: OvulariopsisPat. & Har. 1900

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Genus: Valsa

Family: Valsaceae Tul. & C. Tul. 1861[10]

Genus: Valsaria Ces. & De Not. 1863

  • Valsaria batesii Doidge, (1948),[10] accepted as Valsaria insitiva (Tode) Ces. & De Not.,(1863)
  • Valsaria eucalypti (Kalchbr. & Cooke) Sacc. 1882,[10] accepted as Myrmaecium rubricosum (Fr.) Fuckel, (1870)
  • Valsaria natalensis Doidge 1941[10]

Family: Valseae[10]

Genus: Varicellaria Nyl. 1858

  • Varicellaria lactea (L.) I. Schmitt & Lumbsch, (2012) recorded as Variolaria lactea Wahlbg. [sic][10] possibly (L.) Pers. 1794

Genus: Variolaria

  • Variolaria discoidea Pers. 1794[10] accepted as Lepra albescens (Huds.) Hafellner, (2016)
  • Variolaria lactea Wahlbg. [sic][10] possibly (L.) Pers. 1794, accepted as Varicellaria lactea (L.) I. Schmitt & Lumbsch, (2012)

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Genus: Venturia

Genus: Vermicularia Tode 1790 accepted as Colletotrichum Corda, (1831)

Genus: Verrucaria Schrad. 1794? (Lichens)

  • Verrucaria alba (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb. 1891[10]
  • Verrucaria albella (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb. 1891[10]
  • Verrucaria alboatra Kremp. 1867[10]
  • Verrucaria alboatra var. recepta (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb. 1891[10]
  • Verrucaria aspistea Afzel. ex Ach. 1803[10] accepted as Pyrenula aspistea (Afzel. ex Ach.) Ach., (1814)
  • Verrucaria cinchonae Ach. 1814[10] accepted as Constrictolumina cinchonae (Ach.) Lücking, M.P. Nelsen & Aptroot, (2016)
  • Verrucaria cinchonae var. fumida Stizenb. 1891[10]
  • Verrucaria clopima Wahlenb. 1809[10] accepted as Staurothele clopima (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr., (1861)
  • Verrucaria confluxa (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb. 1891[10] accepted as Bogoriella confluens (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot & Lücking, (2016)
  • Verrucaria dissipans Nyl. 1866[10]
  • Verrucaria erodens Müll. Arg. 1888[10]
  • Verrucaria eurysperma Stizenb. 1891[10]
  • Verrucaria fallax (Nyl.) Nyl. 1872[10] accepted as Pseudosagedia fallax (Nyl.) Oxner, (1956)
  • Verrucaria ferruginosa (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb. 1891[10] accepted as Pyrenowilmsia ferruginosa (Müll. Arg.) Aptroot, (1991)
  • Verrucaria glabrata var. incusa Flot. 1843[10]
  • Verrucaria leucanthes Stirt. 1877[10]
  • Verrucaria locuples Stizenb. 1891[10] accepted as Clathroporina locuples (Stizenb.) Zahlbr., (1922)
  • Verrucaria microlepidea Zahlbr. 1932[10]
  • Verrucaria mierolepidea var. hilarior Zahlbr. 1932.[10]
  • Verrucaria nigrescens Pers. 1795[10]
  • Verrucaria nitida (Weigel) Schrad. 1801[10] accepted as Pyrenula nitida (Weigel) Ach., (1814)
  • Verrucaria nitida var. nitidella Flörke 1815[10] accepted as Pyrenula nitida (Weigel) Ach., (1814)
  • Verrucaria papulosa Nyl. 1867[10] accepted as Astrothelium papulosum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Lücking, (2016)
  • Verrucaria pleiomeriza Nyl. 1895[10]
  • Verrucaria pyrenuloides (Mont.) Nyl. 1858,[10] accepted as Pyrenula pyrenuloides (Mont.) R.C. Harris, (1989)
  • Verrucaria rebellans Zahlbr. 1936[10]
  • Verrucaria santensis (Nyl.) Nyl. 1863[10] accepted as Pyrenula santensis (Nyl.) Müll. Arg., (1882)
  • Verrucaria simulans (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb. 1891[10]
  • Verrucaria subducta Nyl. 1863[10]
  • Verrucaria tetracerae Afzel. [sic][10]possibly Ach. 1803 accepted as Porina tetracerae (Ach.) Müll. Arg., (1885)
  • Verrucaria transwaalensis (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb., (1891) as transvaalensis[10]
  • Verrucaria variolosa Mont. 1845[10]
  • Verrucaria viridula (Schrad.) Ach. 1803[10]
  • Verrucaria wilmsiana (Müll. Arg.) Stizenb. 1891[10]

Family: Verrucariaceae Eschw. 1824[10]

Genus: Verticillium Nees 1816

Genus: Vestergrenia Rehm 1901

  • Vestergrenia chaenostoma (Sacc.) Theiss. 1918[10]

Vo edit

Genus: Volutella Fr. 1832

Genus: Volvaria

Genus: Volvariella Speg. 1898

Genus: Volvopluteus Vizzini, Contu & Justo 2011

W edit

Genus: Woodiella Sacc. & P. Syd. 1899,

Family: Woroninaceae H.E. Petersen 1909[10]

Genus: Woroninella Racib. 1898 accepted as Synchytrium de Bary & Woronin, (1863)

  • Woroninella dolichi (Cooke) Syd. 1914[10] accepted as Synchytrium dolichi (Cooke) Gäum., (1927)

X edit

Xa edit

Genus: Xanthoria (Fr.) Th. Fr. 1860,(Lichens)

Xe edit

Genus: Xerotus Fr. 1828

  • Xerotus berteroi Mont. [as 'berteri'], (1850)[10]
  • Xerotus caffrorum Kalchbr. & MacOwan 1881[10] accepted as Collybia caffrorum (Kalchbr. & MacOwan) D.A. Reid, (1975)
  • Xerotus fuliginosus Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1860[10]
  • Xerotus nigritus Lév. 1846[10] accepted as Anthracophyllum nigritum (Lév.) Kalchbr., (1881)

Xy edit

Genus: Xylaria Hill ex Schrank 1786

  • Xylaria allantoidea (Berk.) Fr. 1851[10]
  • Xylaria anisopleura (Mont.) Fr. 1851[10]
  • Xylaria apiculata Cooke 1879[10]
  • Xylaria arbuscula Sacc. 1878[10]
  • Xylaria aristata Mont. 1856.[10] accepted as Podosordaria aristata (Mont.) P.M.D. Martin, (1976)
  • Xylaria bulbosa (Pers.) Berk. & Broome 1860[10]
  • Xylaria capensis (Lév.) Sacc. 1883[10]
  • Xylaria carpophila Pers. ex Fr.[10]
  • Xylaria castorea Berk. 1855[10]
  • Xylaria corniformis (Fr.) Fr. 1849[10]
  • Xylaria cubensis (Mont.) Fr. 1851[10]
  • Xylaria digitata (L.) Grev. 1825[10]
  • Xylaria doumetii (Pat.) J.H. Mill. 1942[10]
  • Xylaria ensata Kalch.[10]*
  • Xylaria fistulosa (Lév.) Fr. 1851[10]
  • Xylaria heloidea Penz. & Sacc. 1898[10] accepted as Podosordaria heloidea (Penz. & Sacc.) P.M.D. Martin, (1976)
  • Xylaria hypoxylon (L.) Grev. 1824,[10]
  • Xylaria ippoglossa Speg. (1889) [as Hippoglossa][10]
  • Xylaria multiplex (Kunze) Fr. 1851[11]
  • Xylaria myosurus Mont. 1855[11]
  • Xylaria nigripes (Klotzsch) Cooke 1883,[11] accepted as Podosordaria nigripes (Klotzsch) P.M.D. Martin, (1976)
  • Xylaria oxyacanthae Tul. & C. Tul. 1863,[11]
  • Xylaria pistillaris Nitschke[11]*
  • Xylaria polymorpha (Pers.) Grev. 1824[11]
  • Xylaria reticulata Lloyd 1925[11]
  • Xylaria rhopaloides Mont. 1855 (Nom. inval.)[11] accepted as Xylaria rhopaloides Kunze ex Sacc., (1882)
  • Xylaria schreuderiana Van der Byl 1932[11]
  • Xylaria schweinitzii Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1854[11]
  • Xylaria stilboidea Kalchbr. & Cooke 1880[11]
  • Xylaria tabacina (J. Kickx f.) Berk. 1851[11]
  • Xylaria vaporaria Berk. 1864[11]
  • Xylaria variabilis Welw. & Curr. 1868[11]
  • Xylaria xanthinovelutina (Mont.) Mont. [as 'ianthino-velutina'], (1856)[10]
  • Xylaria sp.[11]

Family: Xylariaceae Tul. & C. Tul. 1863[11]

Genus: Xylosorium Zundel 1939, accepted as Pericladium Pass., (1875)

  • Xylosorium piperis Zundel 1939 [as piperii][11] accepted as Pericladium piperis (Zundel) Mundk. [as 'piperii'], (1944)

Z edit

Genus: Zukalia Sacc. 1891, accepted as Chaetothyrium Speg., (1888)

  • Zukalia parenchymatica Doidge 1920,[11] accepted as Ceramothyrium parenchymaticum (Doidge) Bat., (1962)
  • Zukalia transvaalensis Doidge 1917[11] accepted as Phaeophragmeriella transvaalensis (Doidge) Hansf., (1946)
  • Zukalia woodiana Doidge 1920[11]

Genus: Zythia Fr. 1825, accepted as Sarea Fr., (1825)

  • Zythia welwitschiae Henn. 1903[11]

Family: Zythiaceae Clem. 1909[11]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ /ˈfʌndʒaɪ/ ⓘ, /ˈfʌŋɡaɪ/ ⓘ, /ˈfʌŋɡi/ ⓘ or /ˈfʌndʒi/ ⓘ. The first two pronunciations are favored more in the US and the others in the UK, however all pronunciations can be heard in any English-speaking country.
  2. ^ "Fungus". Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on 28 July 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
  3. ^ Hawksworth, D.L.; Lücking, R (July 2017). "Fungal Diversity Revisited: 2.2 to 3.8 Million Species". The Fungal Kingdom. Vol. 5. pp. 79–95. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.FUNK-0052-2016. ISBN 978-1-55581-957-6. PMID 28752818. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  4. ^ Cheek, Martin; Nic Lughadha, Eimear; Kirk, Paul; Lindon, Heather; Carretero, Julia; Looney, Brian; et al. (2020). "New scientific discoveries: Plants and fungi". Plants, People, Planet. 2 (5): 371–388. doi:10.1002/ppp3.10148. hdl:1854/LU-8705210.
  5. ^ "Stop neglecting fungi". Nature Microbiology. 2 (8): 17120. 25 July 2017. doi:10.1038/nmicrobiol.2017.120. PMID 28741610.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Doidge 1950, p. 1055.
  7. ^ Doidge 1950, p. 1064.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds Doidge 1950, p. 1065.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au Doidge 1950, p. 1066.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di Doidge 1950, p. 1091.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Doidge 1950, p. 1092.

Sources edit

  • Doidge, Ethel (1950). "Titles of Works, not included in the General bibliography, and Index to Fungi and Lichens". Bothalia. 5 (1). Bothalia [Online]: 1030–1094. doi:10.4102/abc.v5i1.1880. Retrieved 29 July 2021 – via journals.abcjournal.aosis.co.za.

Further reading edit

  • Kinge, Tonjock Rosemary; Goldman, Gary; Jacobs, Adriaana; Ndiritu, George Gatere; Gryzenhout, Marieka (2 May 2020). "A first checklist of macrofungi for South Africa". MycoKeys. 63: 1–48. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.63.36566. ISSN 1314-4049. PMC 7015970. PMID 32089638.

External links edit

  • Name search at Index Fungorum

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