The governor of Alaska is the head of government of Alaska. The governor is the chief executive of the state and is the holder of the highest office in the executive branch of the government as well as being the commander in chief of the Alaska's state forces.
Twelve people have served as governor of the State of Alaska over 14 distinct terms, though Alaska had over 30 civilian and military governors during its long history as a United States territory. Only two governors, William A. Egan and Bill Walker, were born in Alaska. Two people, Egan and Wally Hickel, have been elected to multiple non-consecutive terms as governor. Hickel is also noted for a rare third party win in American politics, having been elected to a term in 1990 representing the Alaskan Independence Party. The longest-serving governor of the state was Egan, who was elected three times and served nearly 12 years. The longest-serving territorial governor was Ernest Gruening, who served over 13 years.
The current governor is Republican Mike Dunleavy, who took office on December 3, 2018.
The vast region was initially designated the Department of Alaska, under the jurisdiction of the Department of War and administered by Army officers until 1877, when the Army was withdrawn from Alaska. The Department of the Treasury then took control, with the Collector of Customs as the highest ranking federal official in the territory. In 1879, the Navy was given jurisdiction over the department.[3]
The District of Alaska was organized into Alaska Territory on August 24, 1912.[40] Governors continued to be appointed by the president of the United States.
The state constitution provides for the election of a governor and lieutenant governor every four years on the same ticket, with their terms commencing on the first Monday in the December following the election. Governors are allowed to succeed themselves once, having to wait four years after their second term in a row before being allowed to run again. Should the office of governor become vacant, the lieutenant governor assumes the office of governor. The original constitution of 1956 created the office of secretary of state, which was functionally identical to a lieutenant governor, and was renamed to "lieutenant governor" in 1970.[87]
^ abThe range given is from the date the governor was confirmed by the Senate, or appointed by the President during a Senate recess, to the date the governor's successor was confirmed, unless noted.
^Kinkead was nominated on June 27, 1884,[7] and confirmed by the Senate on July 4.[8] It is unknown precisely when he took office; the only contemporary news found thus far reported it was on or just before September 15.[9]
^Swineford was appointed on May 8, 1885,[11] during a Senate recess; nominated on December 10;[12] and confirmed by the Senate on June 7.[13] He took office in Alaska on September 15.[14]
^Swineford submitted his resignation on March 4, 1889, to take effect when his successor was appointed;[15] while modern sources say he resigned on April 20,[10] his successor was nominated on April 13, took the oath of office outside of the state on April 15, and took office on June 1.[16] As no sourcing of when Swineford actually left office has been found, this article uses the date his successor was confirmed, April 13.
^Knapp was appointed on April 13, 1889,[16] during a Senate recess; nominated on December 17;[18] and confirmed by the Senate on December 21.[19] He took the oath of office out of state on April 15,[16] and took office on June 1.[16]
^No sources specify when Knapp left office; McMullin says "August 1893", which is when his successor took office, but their presidential appointment specified, "vice Lyman E. Knapp, removed", implying he may not have remained governor until then.[20] As his successor was appointed on June 28, that date is used here.
^Sheakley was appointed on June 28, 1893,[20] during a Senate recess; nominated on August 18;[20] and confirmed by the Senate on August 23.[22] He took office on August 29.[21]
^Contemporary news reported that Sheakley resigned July 15, 1897,[23] and the presidential appointment of his successor also said he resigned;[24] no source yet found specifies why.
^Brady was nominated on June 15, 1897,[24] confirmed by the Senate on June 19,[26] and took office on July 15.[25] He was reconfirmed by the Senate on June 7, 1900,[27] and January 15, 1905.[28]
^Brady was forced to resign due to his involvement with the fraudulent Reynolds–Alaska Development Company.[25][29] He submitted his resignation on February 14, 1906, to take effect upon the appointment of his successor.[30]
^Hoggatt was nominated on March 12, 1906,[32] confirmed by the Senate on March 21,[33] and took office on April 30.[34]
^Hoggatt resigned to tend to business interests. He submitted his resignation on May 18, 1909, to take effect on October 1, when his successor's term was scheduled to begin.[35]
^Clark was nominated on May 18, 1909,[37] confirmed by the Senate on May 20,[38] and took office on October 1.[39]
^Clark submitted his resignation on March 4, 1913, to take effect upon the appointment of his successor, to return to private life.[41]
^Strong was nominated on April 21, 1913,[43] confirmed by the Senate on May 1,[44] and took office on May 21.[45]
^According to Ernest Gruening, Wilson declined to reappoint Strong because he may have still been a Canadian citizen.[42] President Wilson's nomination of Strong's successor specified, "vice John F. A. Strong, term expired and resigned;"[46] however, Strong denied resigning.[47]
^Riggs was nominated on March 7, 1918,[46] confirmed by the Senate on April 12,[49] and took office on April 26.[50]
^President Wilson's nomination of Riggs' successor specified, "vice Thomas Riggs, resigned;" no other reference to Riggs' resignation has been found.[51]
^Bone was nominated on June 1, 1921,[51] and confirmed by the Senate on June 13.[53] He was sworn in out of state on June 15,[54] and took office on July 13.[55]
^Parks was nominated on February 16, 1925,[57] confirmed on February 18,[58] and took office on June 16.[59]
^Troy was nominated on March 23, 1933,[61] confirmed on March 30,[62] and took office on April 19.[63] He was reconfirmed by the Senate on May 20, 1937.[64]
^Troy resigned due to poor health.[60] He submitted his resignation on August 29, 1939, to take effect October 15; he was asked by President Roosevelt to remain longer until his successor took office.[65]
^Gruening was appointed on September 2, 1939,[68] during a Senate recess; nominated on January 4, 1940,[69] and confirmed by the Senate on February 1, 1940.[70] He took office on December 5, 1939.[71] He was reconfirmed by the Senate on March 22, 1944,[72] and April 8, 1949.[73]
^Heintzleman was nominated on March 11, 1953,[75] confirmed by the Senate on March 16,[76] and took office on April 10.[77]
^Heintzleman resigned to return to private life;[74] some sources say he was unhappy with the job, and did not expect to be reappointed.[78] He submitted his resignation to President Eisenhower on December 19, 1956,[79] and it took effect on January 3, 1957; Territorial Secretary Waino Hendrickson acted as governor until his successor arrived.[80]
^Stepovich was nominated on May 9, 1957,[82] confirmed by the Senate on May 16,[83] and took office on June 8.[84]
^Stepovich resigned to run for the United States Senate, losing that election.[85] He submitted his resignation on August 1, 1958, to take effect August 9;[86] Territorial Secretary Waino Hendrickson acted as governor until statehood.
^The office of lieutenant governor was named secretary of state until 1970.[87]
^Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
^As Egan's first term did not begin until statehood, he had not served the "two full successive terms" that would have constitutionally prohibited him from running for a third term.[91]
^ abGovernors who have served two full successive terms are not eligible again until another full term has passed.[103]
^Hickel was elected as a member of the Alaskan Independence Party,[94] and switched to the Republican party in April 1994.[112]
^Palin resigned, citing the costs of ethics investigations.[120]
^Campbell's position was termed "Temporary Substitute Lieutenant Governor[124] until he was confirmed by the Alaska Legislature on August 10, 2009.[125]
^Walker withdrew from the election on October 19, 2018, after the deadline of September 4, and so remained on the ballot.[128]
^Dunleavy's second term began on December 5, 2022, and will expire December 7, 2026; he will be term-limited.
Gates, Nancy (2007). The Alaska Almanac: Facts about Alaska (30th ed.). Graphic Arts Center Publishing Co. pp. 85–87. ISBN 978-0-88240-652-7. Retrieved August 3, 2010.
Sobel, Robert (1978). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. I. Meckler Books. ISBN 9780930466015. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
McMullin, Thomas A. (1984). Biographical directory of American territorial governors. Westport, CT : Meckler. ISBN 978-0-930466-11-4. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
Kallenbach, Joseph Ernest (1977). American State Governors, 1776-1976. Oceana Publications. ISBN 978-0-379-00665-0. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
Glashan, Roy R. (1979). American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978. Meckler Books. ISBN 978-0-930466-17-6.
"Our Campaigns - Governor of Alaska - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
Specific
^"The Governors: Compensation, Staff, Travel and Residence" (PDF). The Council of State Governments. April 3, 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 26, 2021. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
^"Purchase of Alaska, 1867". United States Department of State Office of the Historian. Retrieved October 12, 2017.
^"10,000 Have Gone... Ex-Governor Sheakley Says Wait for Spring". The Buffalo Sunday Morning News. August 15, 1897. p. 1. Retrieved January 26, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
^"Request Gov. Troy Remain in Office". The Nome Nugget. October 13, 1939. p. 1. Retrieved January 31, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
^Personal Justice Denied: Report of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians. University of Washington Press. 1997. p. 319. ISBN 0-295-97558-X.
^"Gov. Heintzleman Takes Office, Promises New Cycle for Alaska To Develop Into Fruitful Land". The Nome Nugget. Associated Press. April 10, 1953. p. 1. Retrieved January 31, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
^Naske, Claus-M. (1985). A History of Alaska Statehood. University Press of America. p. 244. ISBN 0-8191-4556-4.
^"Gov. Heintzleman to Resign January 3". The Nome Nugget. Associated Press. December 19, 1956. p. 1. Retrieved January 31, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
^"Gov. Heintzleman Ends Dutues; Waino Hendrickson Takes Over". Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. Associated Press. January 3, 1957. p. 1. Retrieved January 31, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
^"Sheffield Restores Loan Program for Fishermen". Daily Sitka Sentinel. Associated Press. December 7, 1982. p. 1. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
^"Alaska's Gov. Bill Sheffield, who survived a Watergate-flavored impeachment effort last summer, conceded Wednesday to challenger Steve Cowper, becoming the first state chief executive to lose a primary this year". UPI. August 27, 1986. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
^"Cowper Inaugurated; 6th Alaska Governor". Daily Sitka Sentinel. Associated Press. December 1, 1986. p. 1. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
^Hanlon, Tegan (October 27, 2015). "Former Alaska first lady Michael Margaret Stewart, ex-wife of Steve Cowper, dead at 62". Alaska Dispatch News. Retrieved November 21, 2015.
^Akre, Brian S. (December 4, 1990). "Hickel Sworn In; Vows a 'New Day'". Daily Sitka Sentinel. Associated Press. p. 1. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
^"Two in the House Advance In Drive for Senator's Seat". The New York Times. August 25, 1994. Retrieved July 23, 2008.
^"Alaska's Gov. Hickel Rejoins Gop Amid Speculation Over Another Term". The Seattle Times. Associated Press. April 15, 1994. Retrieved September 28, 2008.
^Pemberton, Mary (December 5, 2006). "Alaska Governor Is First Woman to Lead State". Ventura County Star. Associated Press. p. A3. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
^"Legal Bills Swayed Palin, Official Says". The New York Times. July 5, 2009. Retrieved October 12, 2017.
^Daly, Matthew (July 27, 2009). "Palin Leaves 'em Guessing About Her Plans". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Associated Press. p. A1. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
^"2014 General Election November 4, 2014 Official Results". elections.alaska.gov. November 11, 2014. Retrieved November 27, 2014.
^Forgey, Pat (July 28, 2009). "Alaska gets first ever 'temporary substitute' lt. governor". Juneau Empire. Archived from the original on October 13, 2017. Retrieved October 12, 2017.
^Alaska Legislature. House Journal. 26th legislature, 1st special sess., 1253, accessed September 25, 2023