The Tour de France is an annual men's multiple stage bicycle race primarily held in France, generally considered the most famous bicycle race in the world.[1] It was founded by the French sports journalist and former professional road racing cyclist Henri Desgrange, who became the first director of the race.[2] He was passionate about taking the Tour up to the highest reachable points of elevation in the Alps and Pyrenees using the most difficult routes.[3]
The highest point of the first Tour de France in 1903 was the summit of the 1,161-metre-high (3,809 ft) Col de la République mountain pass in the Mont Pilat area of the Massif Central highland region. The following year the route remained identical, but in 1905 and 1906 the Tour moved into the Alps, in particular the Dauphiné Alps, and up to the Col Bayard at 1,264 m (4,147 ft). The 1907 Tour took the race higher, up to 1,326 m (4,350 ft) with the Col de Porte in the Chartreuse Mountains. This point was again the highest for the next two Tours.[4]
The race first reached high altitude[a] on the ninth edition in 1910 when it passed the 2,115-metre-high (6,939 ft) Col du Tourmalet in the Pyrenees.[6][7] Not satisfied with that height, Desgrange the following year introduced his favoured Col du Galibier in the Alps, which summited at 2,556 m (8,386 ft) via a single-laned 365-metre-long (1,198 ft) tunnel that first opened in 1891.[8][3] At the time, Desgrange eulogised over the Galibier in comparison to the Tourmalet and other climbs, saying: "Oh Sappey, oh Laffrey, oh Bayard, oh Tourmalet! I will not shirk from my duty in proclaiming that compared to the Galibier you are no more than pale and vulgar babies; faced with this giant we can do no more than tip our hats and bow!"[9] The Galibier was the highest point of elevation in each Tour to 1937, which led it to become one of the most iconic climbs in the race.[10] The 1938 race went higher up to the Alpine Col de l'Iseran at 2,770 m (9,088 ft).[6][11] Various Alpine passes, including the Galibier, were the highest points reached in Tours until the 1962 race saw a new high of 2,860 m (9,383 ft) at the Cime de la Bonette in the Alps, a short loop road which forks from the summit of the Col de la Bonette.[12] As of 2019[update], this remains the highest point of elevation reached by the Tour de France. Since 1962, all the highest points of Tours bar one have remained above 2,000 m (6,562 ft), using passes in the high Alps and Pyrenees.
* | Point was also used as the location of the stage finish |
---|---|
~ | Climb was used for the first time in Tour de France history |
^ | Point was a new highest elevation reached in all Tour editions up to then |
Year | Stage | Climb | Elevation[b][4] | Mountain range | Coordinates | Category[c] | First cyclist to summit | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1903 | 2 | Col de la République ~ | 1,161 m (3,809 ft) ^ | Mont Pilat | 45°19′58″N 4°28′49″E / 45.33278°N 4.48028°E | — | Hippolyte Aucouturier (FRA) | [4][14] |
1904 | 2 | Col de la République | 1,161 m (3,809 ft) | Mont Pilat | 45°19′58″N 4°28′49″E / 45.33278°N 4.48028°E | — | Antoine Fauré (FRA) | [4][15] |
1905 | 4 | Col Bayard ~ | 1,264 m (4,147 ft) ^ | Dauphiné Alps | 44°36′45″N 6°4′52″E / 44.61250°N 6.08111°E | — | Julien Maitron (FRA) | [4][16] |
1906 | 5 | Col Bayard | 1,264 m (4,147 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 44°36′45″N 6°4′52″E / 44.61250°N 6.08111°E | — | René Pottier (FRA) | [4][17] |
1907 | 5 | Col de Porte ~ | 1,326 m (4,350 ft) ^ | Chartreuse | 45°17′24″N 5°46′1″E / 45.29000°N 5.76694°E | — | Émile Georget (FRA) | [4][18] |
1908 | 5 | Col de Porte | 1,326 m (4,350 ft) | Chartreuse | 45°17′24″N 5°46′1″E / 45.29000°N 5.76694°E | — | Georges Passerieu (FRA) | [4][19] |
1909 | 5 | Col de Porte | 1,326 m (4,350 ft) | Chartreuse | 45°17′24″N 5°46′1″E / 45.29000°N 5.76694°E | — | François Faber (LUX) | [4][20] |
1910 | 10 | Col du Tourmalet ~ | 2,115 m (6,939 ft) ^ | Pyrenees | 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E | — | Octave Lapize (FRA) | [6][21] |
1911 | 5 | Col du Galibier ~ | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) ^ | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | — | Émile Georget (FRA) | [6][22] |
1912 | 5 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | — | Eugène Christophe (FRA) | [6][23] |
1913 | 11 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | — | Marcel Buysse (BEL) | [6][24] |
1914 | 11 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | — | Henri Pélissier (FRA) | [6][25] |
1915– 1918 |
Not held during World War I | |||||||
1919 | 11 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | — | Honoré Barthélémy (FRA) | [6][26] |
1920 | 11 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | — | Firmin Lambot (BEL) | [6][27] |
1921 | 11 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | — | Honoré Barthélémy (FRA) | [6][28] |
1922 | 11 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | — | Émile Masson (BEL) | [6][29] |
1923 | 11 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | — | Henri Pélissier (FRA) | [30][31] |
1924 | 11 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | — | Bartolomeo Aimo (ITA) | [6][32] |
1925 | 14 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | — | Lucien Buysse (BEL) | [6][33] |
1926 | 15 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | — | Omer Huyse (BEL) | [6][34] |
1927 | 17 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | — | Antonin Magne (FRA) | [6][35] |
1928 | 14 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | — | Auguste Verdyck (BEL) | [6][36] |
1929 | 15 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | — | Gaston Rebry (BEL) | [6] |
1930 | 16 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | — | Pierre Magne (FRA) | [37][38] |
1931 | 17 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | — | Jef Demuysere (BEL) | [39][40] |
1932 | 13 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | — | Francesco Camusso (ITA) | [41][42] |
1933 | 7 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | — | Vicente Trueba (ESP) | [43][44] |
1934 | 7 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | — | Fédérico Ezquerra (ESP) | [6][45] |
1935 | 7 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | — | Gabriel Ruozzi (FRA) | [46][47] |
1936 | 7 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | — | Fédérico Ezquerra (ESP) | [48][49] |
1937 | 7 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | — | Gino Bartali (ITA) | [50][51] |
1938 | 15 | Col de l'Iseran ~ | 2,770 m (9,088 ft) ^ | Graian Alps | 45°25′1″N 7°1′51″E / 45.41694°N 7.03083°E | — | Félicien Vervaecke (BEL) | [52][53] |
1939 | 16b | Col de l'Iseran | 2,770 m (9,088 ft) | Graian Alps | 45°25′1″N 7°1′51″E / 45.41694°N 7.03083°E | — | Sylvère Maes (BEL) | [54][55] |
1940– 1946 |
Not held during World War II | |||||||
1947 | 8 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | 1 | Fermo Camellini (ITA) | [56][57] |
1948 | 14 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | 2 | Lucien Teisseire (FRA) | [58][59] |
1949 | 17 | Col de l'Iseran | 2,770 m (9,088 ft) | Graian Alps | 45°25′1″N 7°1′51″E / 45.41694°N 7.03083°E | 1 | Giuseppe Tacca (FRA) | [60][61] |
1950 | 18 | Col d'Izoard | 2,360 m (7,743 ft) | Cottian Alps | 44°49′12″N 6°44′7″E / 44.82000°N 6.73528°E | 1 | Louison Bobet (FRA) | [62][63] |
1951 | 20 | Col d'Izoard | 2,360 m (7,743 ft) | Cottian Alps | 44°49′12″N 6°44′7″E / 44.82000°N 6.73528°E | 1 | Fausto Coppi (ITA) | [64][65] |
1952 | 11 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | 1 | Fausto Coppi (ITA) | [66][67] |
1953 | 18 | Col d'Izoard | 2,360 m (7,743 ft) | Cottian Alps | 44°49′12″N 6°44′7″E / 44.82000°N 6.73528°E | 1 | Louison Bobet (FRA) | [68][69] |
1954 | 19 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | 1 | Federico Bahamontes (ESP) | [70][71] |
1955 | 8 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | 1 | Charly Gaul (LUX) | [72][73] |
1956 | 17 | Col d'Izoard | 2,360 m (7,743 ft) | Cottian Alps | 44°49′12″N 6°44′7″E / 44.82000°N 6.73528°E | 1 | Valentin Huot (FRA) | [74][75] |
1957 | 10 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | 1 | Marcel Janssens (BEL) | [76][77] |
1958 | 20 | Col d'Izoard | 2,360 m (7,743 ft) | Cottian Alps | 44°49′12″N 6°44′7″E / 44.82000°N 6.73528°E | 1 | Federico Bahamontes (ESP) | [78][79] |
1959 | 18 | Col de l'Iseran | 2,770 m (9,088 ft) | Graian Alps | 45°25′1″N 7°1′51″E / 45.41694°N 7.03083°E | 1 | Adolf Christian (AUT) | [80][81] |
1960 | 16 | Col d'Izoard | 2,360 m (7,743 ft) | Cottian Alps | 44°49′12″N 6°44′7″E / 44.82000°N 6.73528°E | 1 | Imerio Massignan (ITA) | [82][83] |
1961 | 17 | Col du Tourmalet | 2,115 m (6,939 ft) | Pyrenees | 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E | 1 | Marcel Queheille (FRA) | [84][85] |
1962 | 18 | Cime de la Bonette ~ | 2,802 m (9,193 ft) ^ | Maritime Alps | 44°19′18″N 6°48′25″E / 44.32167°N 6.80694°E | 1 | Federico Bahamontes (ESP) | [86][87] |
1963 | 16 | Col de l'Iseran | 2,770 m (9,088 ft) | Graian Alps | 45°25′1″N 7°1′51″E / 45.41694°N 7.03083°E | 1 | Fernando Manzaneque (ESP) | [88][89] |
1964 | 9 | Cime de la Bonette | 2,802 m (9,193 ft) | Maritime Alps | 44°19′18″N 6°48′25″E / 44.32167°N 6.80694°E | 1 | Federico Bahamontes (ESP) | [90][91] |
1965 | 16 | Col d'Izoard | 2,360 m (7,743 ft) | Cottian Alps | 44°49′12″N 6°44′7″E / 44.82000°N 6.73528°E | 1 | Joaquim Galera (ESP) | [92][93] |
1966 | 16 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | 1 | Julio Jiménez (ESP) | [94][95] |
1967 | 10 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | 1 | Julio Jiménez (ESP) | [96][97] |
1968 | 13 | Port d'Envalira | 2,407 m (7,897 ft) | Pyrenees | 42°32′24″N 1°43′10″E / 42.54000°N 1.71944°E | 1 | Aurelio González Puente (ESP) | [98][99] |
1969 | 10 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | 1 | Eddy Merckx (BEL) | [100][101] |
1970 | 19 | Col du Tourmalet | 2,115 m (6,939 ft) | Pyrenees | 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E | 1 | Andrés Gandarias (ESP) | [102][103] |
1971 | 16b | Col du Tourmalet | 2,115 m (6,939 ft) | Pyrenees | 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E | 1 | Lucien Van Impe (BEL) | [104][105] |
1972 | 14a | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | 1 | Joop Zoetemelk (NED) | [106][107] |
1973 | 8 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | 1 | Luis Ocaña (ESP) | [108][109] |
1974 | 11 | Col du Galibier | 2,556 m (8,386 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | 1 | Vicente López Carril (ESP) | [110][111] |
1975 | 16 | Col d'Izoard | 2,360 m (7,743 ft) | Cottian Alps | 44°49′12″N 6°44′7″E / 44.82000°N 6.73528°E | 1 | Bernard Thévenet (FRA) | [112][113] |
1976 | 15 | Col du Tourmalet[d] | 2,115 m (6,939 ft) | Pyrenees | 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E | 1 | Francisco Galdós (ESP) | [114][116] |
1977 | 2 | Col du Tourmalet | 2,115 m (6,939 ft) | Pyrenees | 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E | 1 | Lucien Van Impe (BEL) | [117][118] |
1978 | 11 | Col du Tourmalet | 2,115 m (6,939 ft) | Pyrenees | 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E | 1 | Michel Pollentier (BEL) | [119][120] |
1979 | 17 | Col du Galibier | 2,642 m (8,668 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | HC | Lucien Van Impe (BEL) | [121][122] |
1980 | 17 | Col du Galibier | 2,642 m (8,668 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | HC | Johan De Muynck (BEL) | [123][124] |
1981 | 19 | Col de la Madeleine | 2,000 m (6,562 ft) | Graian Alps | 45°26′5″N 6°22′32″E / 45.43472°N 6.37556°E | 1 | Lucien Van Impe (BEL) | [125][11] |
1982 | 16 * | Alpe d'Huez | 1,850 m (6,070 ft) | Western Alps | 45°3′37″N 6°4′17″E / 45.06028°N 6.07139°E | HC | Beat Breu (SUI) | [126][127] |
1983 | 10 | Col du Tourmalet | 2,115 m (6,939 ft) | Pyrenees | 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E | HC | José Patrocinio Jiménez (COL) | [128][129] |
1984 | 18 | Col du Galibier | 2,642 m (8,668 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | HC | Francisco Rodríguez Maldonado (COL) | [130][131] |
1985 | 17 | Col du Tourmalet | 2,115 m (6,939 ft) | Pyrenees | 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E | HC | Pello Ruiz Cabestany (ESP) | [132][133] |
1986 | 18 | Col du Galibier | 2,642 m (8,668 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | HC | Luis Herrera (COL) | [134][135] |
1987 | 21 | Col du Galibier | 2,642 m (8,668 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | HC | Federico Muñoz (ESP) | [136][137] |
1988 | 15 | Col du Tourmalet | 2,115 m (6,939 ft) | Pyrenees | 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E | HC | Laudelino Cubino (ESP) | [138][139] |
1989 | 17 | Col du Galibier | 2,642 m (8,668 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | HC | Gert-Jan Theunisse (NED) | [140][141] |
1990 | 16 | Col du Tourmalet | 2,115 m (6,939 ft) | Pyrenees | 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E | HC | Miguel Ángel Martínez Torres (ESP) | [142][143] |
1991 | 13 | Col du Tourmalet | 2,115 m (6,939 ft) | Pyrenees | 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E | HC | Claudio Chiappucci (ITA) | [144][145] |
1992 | 13 | Col de l'Iseran | 2,770 m (9,088 ft) | Graian Alps | 45°25′1″N 7°1′51″E / 45.41694°N 7.03083°E | HC | Claudio Chiappucci (ITA) | [146][147] |
1993 | 11 | Cime de la Bonette | 2,802 m (9,193 ft) | Maritime Alps | 44°19′18″N 6°48′25″E / 44.32167°N 6.80694°E | HC | Robert Millar (GBR) | [148][149] |
1994 | 17 * | Val Thorens ~ | 2,275 m (7,464 ft) | Graian Alps | 45°17′53″N 6°34′48″E / 45.29806°N 6.58000°E | HC | Nelson Rodríguez Serna (COL) | [150][151] |
1995 | 15 | Col du Tourmalet | 2,115 m (6,939 ft) | Pyrenees | 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E | HC | Richard Virenque (FRA) | [152][153] |
1996 | 9 * | Sestriere[e] | 2,035 m (6,677 ft) | Cottian Alps | 44°57′N 6°53′E / 44.950°N 6.883°E | 1 | Bjarne Riis (DEN) | [154][155] |
1997 | 10 & 11 | Port d'Envalira | 2,407 m (7,897 ft) | Pyrenees | 42°32′24″N 1°43′10″E / 42.54000°N 1.71944°E | HC | Richard Virenque (FRA) | [156][157][158] |
1998 | 15 | Col du Galibier | 2,642 m (8,668 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | HC | Marco Pantani (ITA) | [159][160] |
1999 | 9 | Col du Galibier | 2,642 m (8,668 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | HC | José Luis Arrieta (ESP) | [161][162] |
2000 | 15 | Col du Galibier | 2,642 m (8,668 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | HC | Pascal Hervé (FRA) | [163][164] |
2001 | 14 | Col du Tourmalet | 2,115 m (6,939 ft) | Pyrenees | 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E | HC | Sven Montgomery (SUI) | [165][166] |
2002 | 16 | Col du Galibier | 2,642 m (8,668 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | HC | Santiago Botero (COL) | [167][168] |
2003 | 8 | Col du Galibier | 2,642 m (8,668 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | HC | Stefano Garzelli (ITA) | [169][170] |
2004 | 17 | Col de la Madeleine | 2,000 m (6,562 ft) | Graian Alps | 45°26′5″N 6°22′32″E / 45.43472°N 6.37556°E | HC | Gilberto Simoni (ITA) | [171][172] |
2005 | 11 | Col du Galibier | 2,642 m (8,668 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | HC | Alexander Vinokourov (KAZ) | [173][174] |
2006 | 16 | Col du Galibier | 2,642 m (8,668 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | HC | Michael Rasmussen (DEN) | [175][176] |
2007 | 9 | Col de l'Iseran | 2,770 m (9,088 ft) | Graian Alps | 45°25′1″N 7°1′51″E / 45.41694°N 7.03083°E | HC | Yaroslav Popovych (UKR) | [177][178] |
2008 | 16 | Cime de la Bonette | 2,802 m (9,193 ft) | Maritime Alps | 44°19′18″N 6°48′25″E / 44.32167°N 6.80694°E | HC | John-Lee Augustyn (RSA) | [179][180] |
2009 | 16 | Col du Grand Saint-Bernard | 2,470 m (8,104 ft) | Pennine Alps | 45°52′08″N 7°10′14″E / 45.86889°N 7.17056°E | HC | [182][183] | |
2010 | 17 * | Col du Tourmalet | 2,115 m (6,939 ft) | Pyrenees | 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E | HC | Andy Schleck (LUX) | [184][185] |
2011 | 18 | Col Agnel | 2,744 m (9,003 ft) | Cottian Alps | 44°41′2″N 6°58′46″E / 44.68389°N 6.97944°E | HC | Maxim Iglinsky (KAZ) | [186][187] |
2012 | 16 | Col du Tourmalet | 2,115 m (6,939 ft) | Pyrenees | 42°54′29″N 0°8′42″E / 42.90806°N 0.14500°E | HC | Thomas Voeckler (FRA) | [188][189] |
2013 | 8 | Port de Pailhères | 2,001 m (6,565 ft) | Pyrenees | 42°44′0″N 1°59′33″E / 42.73333°N 1.99250°E | HC | Nairo Quintana (COL) | [190][191] |
2014 | 14 | Col d'Izoard | 2,360 m (7,743 ft) | Cottian Alps | 44°49′12″N 6°44′7″E / 44.82000°N 6.73528°E | HC | Joaquim Rodríguez (ESP) | [192][193] |
2015 | 17 | Col d'Allos[g] | 2,250 m (7,382 ft) | Southern Alps | 44°17′50″N 6°35′39″E / 44.29722°N 6.59417°E | 1 | Simon Geschke (GER) | [194][195] |
2016 | 10 | Port d'Envalira | 2,407 m (7,897 ft) | Pyrenees | 42°32′24″N 1°43′10″E / 42.54000°N 1.71944°E | 1 | Rui Costa (POR) | [196][197] |
2017 | 17 | Col du Galibier | 2,642 m (8,668 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | HC | Primož Roglič (SLO) | [198][199] |
2018 | 17 * | Col de Portet ~ | 2,215 m (7,267 ft) | Pyrenees | 42°49′59″N 0°14′12″E / 42.83306°N 0.23667°E | HC | Nairo Quintana (COL) | [200][201] |
2019 | 19 *[h] | Col de l'Iseran | 2,770 m (9,088 ft) | Graian Alps | 45°25′1″N 7°1′51″E / 45.41694°N 7.03083°E | HC | Egan Bernal (COL)[h] | [203][204] |
2020 | 17 * | Col de la Loze ~ | 2,304 m (7,559 ft) | Graian Alps | 45°25′1″N 07°01′51″E / 45.41694°N 7.03083°E | HC | Miguel Ángel López (COL) | [205] |
2021 | 15 | Port d'Envalira | 2,407 m (7,897 ft) | Pyrenees | 42°32′24″N 1°43′10″E / 42.54000°N 1.71944°E | 1 | Nairo Quintana (COL) | [206] |
2022 | 11 | Col du Galibier | 2,642 m (8,668 ft) | Dauphiné Alps | 45°3′50″N 6°24′28″E / 45.06389°N 6.40778°E | HC | Warren Barguil (FRA) | [207] |
12 | Anthony Perez (FRA) | [208] | ||||||
2023 | 17 | Col de la Loze | 2,304 m (7,559 ft) | Graian Alps | 45°25′1″N 07°01′51″E / 45.41694°N 7.03083°E | HC | Felix Gall (AUT) | [209] |
{{cite book}}
: |work=
ignored (help)