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List of industrial music labels

Summary

The following is a list of music labels that predominantly feature industrial music styles and that have released or distributed work by one or more notable industrial music artists or bands.

List of industrial music labels
General Information
Related genres (partial)
LocationWorldwide
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The releases for each of the labels here listed can be categorized by one of the many industrial music genres for the entirety of, or a significant portion of, the label's lifetime. For the purposes of this list we are using a maximally inclusive definition of "industrial" music, taking a cue from S. Alexander Reed's characterization of genre as "both hazy and changing over time."[1] Therefore, some labels, such as Cleopatra, Mute, and Play It Again Sam that began as predominantly industrial music labels but diversified over the years are included due to their significant contributions to the genre during those periods.

Many of the listed labels shared bands and artists due to licensing agreements meant to increase distribution in different markets and geographic areas; e.g.: Cleopatra & Zoth Ommog, Metropolis & Off Beat, Wax Trax! & Play It Again Sam. Likewise, some of these labels revived the back catalog of others that have closed, e.g.: Infacted with Zoth Ommog & Bloodline, Metropolis with 21st Circuitry & Pendragon, etc. Several labels spawned sub-labels to differentiate between styles; any of which that meet the genre definitions above are included separately in the list with relationships indicated.

Labels edit

Name Year Selected Notable Acts Notes
13th Planet Records 2005  
Founded by Ministry frontman Al Jourgensen.
21st Circuitry 1991  
A San Francisco record label, acquired by Metropolis in 1999.
A Different Drum 1996  
An independent record label and online store specializing in synthpop and related genres and founded by Todd Durrant.[2] The label held a yearly Synthpop Music Festival which ran for 3 years, from 2004 to 2006; in Salt Lake City, Utah at the Red Lion Hotel.[3] A selection of songs from the label's artists have been featured on various versions of Konami's Dance Dance Revolution series, including the arcade version of Dance Dance Revolution X.
Accession Records 1996  
Founded by Adrian Hates.
Ad Noiseam 2001  
Founded by Nicolas Chevreux. Originally started out as a webzine but quickly moved on to being a record-label.
Alfa Matrix 2001  
Founded by staff members of Side-Line magazine, Séba Dolimont, Bernard Van Isacker, and Benoît Blanchart.[4]
Alien8 Recordings 1996  
Canadia label founded by Sean O'Hara and Gary Worsley.
Ant Zen 1992  
Established in Germany by Stefan Alt and Alex Pickar. The name is derived from the phrase "Anti-Zensur" ("anti-censorship"). Ant Zen also runs several boutique sub-labels including Bazooka Joe, Delikatessen Records, Duebel, Flyco, Hymen Records, and Mirex.[5][6][7]
Antler / Antler-Subway Records 1982  
Belgian label founded in Aarschot by music producer Roland Beelen.[8] In 1989, Antler merged with Maurice Engelen's (of Lords Of Acid) New Beat imprint Subway Records. The label was influential in EBM & New Beat during its early years but shifted towards a more dance & techno roster during the 90s.[9]
Artificial Sun 2012  
Established to distribute records by industrial bands and artists mainly on territory of Russia, CIS and Europe and Naveen.
Artoffact Records 1999  
Founded by Jacek Kozlowski
Avalanche Recordings 1999  
Founded by English musician Justin Broadrick in 1999. It is named after Broadrick's own recording studio, Avalanche Studios, and mainly releases Justin Broadrick's side projects.
Bain Total 1977  
Founded by French photographer, Philippe Fichot, who used the label to primarily release his work as Die Form as well as other experimental music artists.[10]
Beyond Therapy Records 2010  
Founded in Orlando, Florida by Ben V of Ludovico Technique in 2010.
Body Records 1981  
Founded by Dirk Ivens of Absolute Body Control. Distributed in part by Antler Records.[11]
Celtic Circle Productions 1992  
Founded by Alfred Kaenders. Spawned sub-label Khazad-Dûm and produced compilation releases for Side-Line and Vertigo. The label ceased operations in 1998 after experiencing financial difficulties.[12]
Cleopatra Records 1992   see Category:Cleopatra Records artists (50) Founded in Los Angeles by Brian Perera. It started out as a primarily industrial-gothic imprint that imported many European bands to the US,[13] but has since grown into a more diverse direction and spawned a family of labels, including Hypnotic Records, Purple Pyramid Records, Deadline Music Records, and X-Ray Records.
Cold Meat Industry 1987  
Founded by Roger Karmanik, and specialized in niche music genres such as dark ambient, death industrial, and neoclassical dark wave.[14]
Cold Spring 1990  
Founded by Justin Mitchell and based in Northamptonshire, England, specialising in "all forms of extreme media, but particularly: Dark ambient, Neo-classical/Neo-folk, Orchestral, Power Electronics/Noise, Japanese Noise, Minimal, Death Industrial, Dark Soundtracks, Experimental, obscure electronics from Russia, China, Japan, and Poland.
Come Organisation 1979  
Founded by William Bennett initially as a means for releasing his own music as Come.
Contempo International 1984  
Founded by Giampiero Barlotti. Shares a name with a record shop in Firenze, Italy from where the label was formed.[15] First active from 1984 to 1995, Contempo specialized in electronic, industrial, and post-punk. The label has since relaunched with a focus on indie and rock genres.
COP International 1991   
Founded in 1991 by Christian Petke (a.k.a. Count Zero of Deathline Int'l.) in Frankfurt, Germany. A few months later his girlfriend, Kim "X" Nguyen, opened a branch office in Oakland, CA. Among the more notable of the label's releases were the female-focused, "Diva X Machina" compilations series.[16]
Cyberware Productions 1993  
Daft Records 1991  
Dirk Ivens' second label, after Body Records.[11]
Dais Records 2007  
Founded by musicians Gibby Miller and Ryan Martin.[17]
Dancing Ferret Discs 1998  
Established by Patrick Rodgers (a.k.a. DJ Ferret) in 1995 with the formation of sister company Dancing Ferret Concerts.
Darkest Labyrinth 2000  
First called Cure, Starwave Records started as an Osaka-based project to release works by label-owner Kiwamu's own band BLOOD. The label changed names to Darkest Labyrinth and expanded to distribute music by international Gothic and Post-Industrial artists in Japan.
Decibel 1994  
Founded by composer Tom Muschitz in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Dependent Records 1999   see Category:Dependent Records artists (29) An EBM "mega label"[18] founded by former Off Beat A&R manager Stefan Herwig along with Eskil Simonsson (Covenant), Johan Van Roy (Suicide Commando), Bryan Erickson (Velvet Acid Christ), and Ronan Harris (VNV Nation).
Digital Hardcore Recordings 1994  
Established by Alec Empire, Joel Amaretto and Pete Lawton and based in Berlin.
Discordia 1992  
Closed in 1997 and re-emerged as Triton. Ran a sub-label, Taste This, to release the Taste This compilation series.
Dossier 1985  
Founded by Manfred Schiek.[19][20]
Durtro 1990  
Formed by David Tibet of Current 93, mainly for releasing his own records.
Dynamica 1993  
Founded by Jor and Anna Rosen after the success of Machinery Records specifically to release industrial metal music. Both labels later came under the Noise Records banner, a label of Modern Music Records, but still continued to release music under their own names.
Earthly Delights 1986  
Founded by Nigel Ayers of Nocturnal Emissions. The label's name refers to Hieronymous Bosch's painting The Garden of Earthly Delights.
Eerie Materials 1990  
First based in Richmond, Virginia and later in San Francisco, California
Energy 1989  
A sub-label of Hot Stuff founded by Per Faeltenbor. Merged with the labels Front Music Production and Electronic Beat Association in 1990 to become Energy Rekords.[21]
Energy Rekords 1990  
Formed in 1990 by the merging of the three labels: Front Music Production, Electronic Beat Association, and Energy - all small labels run from the Swedish town of Älmhult - founders Håkan Ehrnst, Krister Svensson and Per Faeltenborg. In 1998 Energy Rekords merged with October Records and added that label's bands to its roster.
Extreme Records 1985  
Founded by Ulex Xane and initially specialised in underground experimental and industrial cassettes. Roger Richards became involved in 1987 and eventually became the label's director after Xane's departure.
Fetish Records 1978  
Founded by Rod Pearce, who adapted the name from a mail art t-shirt.[22] It was also a home to the early works of graphic designer Neville Brody, who created artwork for releases as art director for the label. Fetish's final release was the compilation album The Last Testament in 1983, which featured a sleeve note written by Jon Savage.
Fifth Colvmn Records 1990   see Category:Fifth Colvmn Records artists (26) Founded by Zalman Fishman, owner of the nightclub FIFTH COLVMN, located in Washington D.C. Following an investigation for tax evasion, the Fifth Column nightclub closed in 1996. Although a separate entity, the label eventually suffered as well and ceased operation in 1997.
FiXT 2006  
Founded out of Esion Media, the name under which Klayton published his earliest Celldweller material.
Fourth Dimension Records 1984  
Founded by Gary Levermore as an offshoot of his Third Mind label before being taken over by Richard Johnson (aka Richo) in 1984.
Front Music Production 1987  
Founded by Håkan Ehrns. In 1990 merged with the labels Energy (A Division Of Hot Stuff) and Electronic Beat Association to become Energy Rekords.[21] Front Music Production was connected to Swiss label Art Sound Records. Both labels have been founded by Swiss/Sweden music magazine New Life.
Functional 1993  
A division of Tesco Organisation specializing in Industrial, Heavy Electronics and Noise. Mainly re-releasing sold out cassettes.[23]
GPC Productions 1989  
A.k.a. "General Purpose Cassettes," founded in Newark, DE by Sloth (a member of Batz Without Flesh), Cliff Tkac (a member of XenophoN) and Alex Kane (of Sinister Attraction.)[24][25]
GUN Records 1992  
German industrial, metal, and crossover label founded by Bogdan Kopec; ceased operations in 2009.
Hard Records 1992  
Cophenhagen-based label and distributor[26] founded by Christian Rosén.
Homestead Records 1983  
Distributor of Dutch East India Trading turned label; established by Barry Tenenbaum and Sam Berger.[27]
Hospital Productions 1998  
Founded by Dominick Fernow and also operated as a physical record store.[28]
Hypnobeat Records 1987  
Founded by Oliver Roesch and distributed by Semaphore in Europe. Co-located with sister label Hyperium Records.
Hypnos 1996  
Established by M. Griffin to release his own recordings, but later expanded to distribute other ambient and drone artists including releases on the Binary and Hypnos Secret Sounds sub-labels.
Industrial Records 1976  
Industrial Records is a record label established in 1976 by industrial music group and performance artists Throbbing Gristle. The group created the label primarily for self-releases but also signed several other groups and artists. The label gave a name to the industrial music genre.
Infacted Recordings 2003  
Founded by Torben Schmidt (formerly A&R Manager of the labels Zoth Ommog & Bloodline).
Invisible Records 1988  
A Chicago-based record label founded by Martin Atkins. In 2001, Invisible Records started a subsidiary label, Underground Inc.
KK Records 1987  
Belgian label that was influential with EBM/Industrial in the 2nd half of the 80s.[20] During the 90s the style changed into some more experimental pop-electro before it dissolved around 2000. Spawned numerous sublabels including Electrip, Instinct Ambient Europe, KK Traxx, Madagascar, Nova Zembla, Radical Ambient, Terminal Antwerp, Ultraxx, Zazaboem.
Machinery Records 1989  
Founded by Jor Jenka and Anna Rosen in Berlin, Germany. In 1991, Machinery came under the Noise Records banner, as part of the Modern Music Records group. By the end of the 1990s Machinery was releasing less music, with many of the original acts instead releasing on the Dynamica sub-label. When Modern Music was acquired by the Sanctuary Records Group in 2001, the Machinery imprint was dropped.
Memento Materia 1992  
A Swedish record label focusing on synth-, electro- and futurepop, although it also released some EBM in the 1990s. In 2001, it formed Prototyp, a sublabel focusing on EBM, industrial and harder electro.
Metropolis Records 1993   see Category:Metropolis Records artists (145) Founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1993 by Dave Heckman. The label's all-electronic format closely tracked with European contemporaries such as Off Beat and, since 1995, has been instrumental in promoting and distributing underground electronic music in America.
Minus Habens 1987  
Founded by composer Ivan Iusco, originally to release his own work as Nightmare Lodge as well as other Italian electronic musicians. Minus Habens spawned a sister label, Disturbance, that focused on techno & ambient including Iusco's own IT project.[29]
Mute Records 1978   see Category:Mute Records artists (135) Founded by Daniel Miller of The Normal.
Negative Gain Productions 1997  
Currently run by Roger Jarvis (of KDC and HexRx) and Micah Skaritka (of Cruciform Injection); also publishes NGP Magazine.
Nettwerk 1984   see List of former Nettwerk Music Group label artists Originally created by Nettwerk principals Terry McBride, Mark Jowett, Ric Arboit and Dan Fraser, as a record label to distribute recordings by the band Moev, but the label expanded in Canada and internationally. Initially specializing in electronic music genres such as alternative dance and industrial, the label turned towards pop and rock in the late 1980s and 1990s.
New European Recordings 1981  
Began as Death In June's personal self-produced label. In the 1980s' NER was distributed by Rough Trade UK, in 1990s' by World Serpent Distribution. Due to legal problems between Death In June and WSD, in 2000 the distributor then became Tesco Organisation, Germany which ended 7 years later. Since 2007 the official Worldwide distributors of the NER catalogue are Soleilmoon in America and NEROZ II in Australia.
Neurot Recordings 1999  
Founded by members of avant-garde metal band Neurosis.
Nextera 1989  
Czech record label founded by Kristian Kotarac.
Nilaihah Records 1999  
Founded by Kristy Venrick of The Azoic, after Oneiroid Psychosis asked her to release their next album. Though she did not have a record label at the time, Oneiroid Psychosis was impressed by Kristy's success at promoting her own band. After considering the proposal, a year later, Kristy agreed and decided to begin Nilaihah Records.
Nothing Records 1992   see Nothing Records discography Founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor as a sub-label of Interscope Records.
Nova Zembla 1993  
Sub-label of KK Records.
Off Beat 1993   see Category:Off Beat label artists (16) Founded by Stefan Herwig and Thorsten Stroht after Stefan closed Kugelblitz Records. Sublabel of WestCom along with sister labels Visage (synthpop), Poison Ivy (goth rock), and Nightshade Productions (dark wave). In 1999 Stefan Herwig, A&R manager at Off Beat, left the company over differences in promotion to form the Dependent label, taking many of Off Beat's acts with him and effectively shutting down Off Beat & Westcom.
Old Europa Cafe 1983  
Founded by Rodolfo Protti, originally as a small cassette label.
Opción Sónica 1991  
Mexican label and distributor with a heavy emphasis on electronic music during the 90s.
Pendragon Records 1994  
Founded by Irish expatriate Colm O'Connor. The label was bought out by Metropolis Records in 1999 shortly after it released Halo_Gen's self-titled album. When Metropolis Records bought Pendragon, they continued to sell Pendragon's backstock.
Pharmafabrik 1993  
Positron! Records 1998  
Founded by Chris Randall, frontman of the industrial band Sister Machine Gun.
Play It Again Sam 1983  
Founded in Belgium by Kenny Gates and Michel Lambot.
Prototyp 2001  
A sublabel formed out of Memento Materia focusing on EBM, industrial and harder electro.
Ras Dva 1994  
Founded by Ric Laciak, a disc jockey for WMSE in Milwaukee and writer for Industrial Nation magazine.[30] It was originally started as "GAWMUS," a fan club for members of the band Leæther Strip.[31] In 1995, Ras Dva released There Is No Time, a comprehensive 4-CD compilation of the European and American industrial music scenes.
Red Rhino Europe (RRE) 1982  
European subsidiary of the UK-based Red Rhino Records that served as Front 242's European label during the 1980s and 90s.[32] RRE was acquired by Play It Again Sam after the financial collapse of its parent company in 1988.
Re-Constriction Records 1991   see Category:Re-Constriction Records artists (20) A division of Cargo Music based in California. The label was founded in 1991 and headed by Chase, who was previously the music director at KCR, a student radio station on the campus of San Diego State University.
ROIR 1979  
Reachout International Records, founded by Neil Cooper initially as a cassette-only label.[33]
Rotorelief 2005  
Season of Mist 1996  
Metal and industrial metal label founded by Michael S. Berberian that also distributes other major industrial labels within France.
Simbiose Records 1992  
Later renamed to Symbiose Records
Soleilmoon Recordings 1987   see Category:Soleilmoon artists (39) Began as a cassette label operating from the back of a record shop called the Ooze in Portland, Oregon, US. In 1991 the shop was sold and Soleilmoon became a full-time label.
Some Bizzare 1981   see Category:Some Bizzare Records artists (27) Founded by Stevo Pearce.
Sordide Sentimental 1978  
Founded by Jean-Pierre Turmel and Yves Von Bontee.
Sound of Pig 1984  
A cassette culture label started in the early 1980s by Al Margolis in New York City.
Staalplaat 1982  
Founded by Geert-Jan Hobijn and is famous for its Mort Aux Vaches series, which is a collaboration between Staalplaat and the national Dutch radio VPRO, in which the station provides the recording sessions and Staalplaat releases them in a limited edition.
Steelwork Maschine 2003  
Founded in 2003 by Christophe Gales and Serge Usson after the demise of Gales' previous CD-R label Black Sun Rising. Steelwork Maschine also started a mail-order store on internet in 2004.
Sterile Records 1979  
Founded by Nigel Ayers and Caroline K of the post-industrial music group Nocturnal Emissions. Caroline K left the label in 1983. In 1986 the label was effectively dissolved as Ayers turned his attention to setting up the Earthly Delights company.
Subconscious Communications 1993  
Founded by Dwayne Goettel of Skinny Puppy and Phil Western of Download. The label has been described as a "record label, musician collective, remix team, 32-track digital studio, [and an] analogue synth museum."
Subterranean Records 1979  
Founded by Steve Tupper and a then partner, Michael Fox, in San Francisco. Subterranean had a small storefront record shop on Valencia Street for about 4 years, from about 1984 to 1988.
Synthetic Sounds 2006  
Record label founded by concert promotion and music management/booking company Synthetic Entertainment. Distributed by Canadian company Sonic Unyon.
Techno Drome International 1987  
Founded by Andreas Tomalla (a.k.a. Talla 2XLC).[34] The label's first records appeared under the tagline 'Aggrepo', which is a syllabic abbreviation of aggressive / positive – a German-based alternative term for Electronic Body Music. Tomalla left the label in 1989 to found Zoth Ommog and New Zone, after which TDI turned towards a house & techno sound.
Temple Records 1984  
Founded by Genesis P-Orridge and Psychic TV from 1984 through 1994 for releases by Psychic TV and related projects. TOPYUS was the related sublabel for releases inside the United States of America. In 2003, the label was resurrected as a part of the Voiceprint label group.
T.E.Q. Music? 1993  
Music label off-shoot of "Music from the Empty Quarter", a magazine covering industrial and experimental music that was published from 1991 to 1996.
Tesco Organisation 1987  
Founded by Joachim Kohl and Klaus Hilger, Tesco Organisation started as a mail order company in 1987. In 1989 the label released their first album and shortly after this release Tesco expanded and created a sub-label, Functional, primarily for the re-release of unknown cassette recordings.
Third Mind Records 1983   see Category:Third Mind Records artists (26) Founded in February 1983 by Gary Levermore.
Trisol Music Group 2000  
Umbrella company for a number of sub labels covering various styles of dark alternative music.
Triton 1998  
Began where Discordia left off.
Tursa 1990  
Founded by Tony Wakeford and distributed by World Serpent Distribution.[35]
TVT Records 1984   see Category:TVT Records artists (79) TVT Records (Tee-Vee Tunes) was an American record label founded by Steve Gottlieb. In 1992, TVT purchased the Chicago-based industrial music label Wax Trax! Records. In 2007, TVT filed for bankruptcy and in 2010 much of the label's back catalog was acquired by The Bicycle Music Company.
Tzadik Records 1995   see Category:Tzadik_Records_artists (137) New York City label that specializes in avant-garde and experimental music; established by composer and saxophonist John Zorn.
Underground, Inc. 2000   see Category:Underground, Inc. artists (30) A Chicago-based subsidiary of Invisible Records distributed by Caroline Distribution.
United Dairies 1979  
Formed by Nurse With Wound to distribute their own releases but later expanded.[36] Distributed by World Serpent Distribution until 2003, and by Jnana Records thereafter.
Van Richter 1993  
Founded in California by Paul Van Richter (né Abramson). In 1999, the label made an early entry into the ecommerce space by launching its own online retail store, Muzik Non-Stop, which offered CD retail and downloadable music in Liquid Audio format.[37] At various points has been distributed by Fontana Distribution,[38] Navarre Corporation, and Ryko Distribution Partners.[39]
Vinyl on Demand 2003  
Founded by Frank Maier with the purpose of re-releasing on vinyl many of the limited edition cassettes in Frank's collection, but as time passed the reissues became deluxe box sets with material from cassettes as well as unreleased material. Vinyl On Demand sold yearly subscriptions to collectors, often providing extras exclusively for subscribers.
VUZ Records 1993  
Founded by Hoger Hanraths out of his mail order service that originated in the tape scene of the 1980s. VUZ spawned a boutique sub-label, Cats' Heaven, that dealt in more of an industrial-inspired dark ambient and trance direction.[40]
Wax Trax! Records 1980   see Category:Wax Trax! Records artists (48) Label began by Jim Nash & Dannie Flesher at the beginning of the 1980s named after the record store that the pair originally established in Denver, Colorado. The label was in operation until 1992 when it was purchased by TVT Records.[41]
WTII Records 2001  
Founded by former Wax Trax! Records employee Bart Pfanenstiel and David Schock. Distributed worldwide by MVD (Music and Video Distribution) former distributors include NAIL Distribution a Division of the Allegro Media Group and Planetworks Entertainment.
York House Recordings 1979  
A cassette label founded by David Elliott, who also published a magazine called Neumusik.
Zoth Ommog Records 1989   see Category:Zoth Ommog Records artists (30) Established by German music producer Andreas Tomalla (aka Talla 2XLC) and later handed over to producer Torben Schmidt. Held under the umbrella of Music Research GmbH along with sister labels New Zone, Metamatic, and others.

See also edit

Sources edit

  • Reed, S. Alexander (2013). Assimilate: A Critical History of Industrial Music. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199832583. OCLC 1147729910 – via the Internet Archive.

References edit

  1. ^ Reed 2013, p. 15.
  2. ^ Forsberg, Niklas. "Synthpop in the USA". Release Magazine. Archived from the original on 3 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
  3. ^ "Salt Lake City Weekly - Music Picks". CityWeekly.net. Retrieved 2016-10-31.
  4. ^ "History". Side-Line. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
  5. ^ Sage; Drew (1997). "Label Profile: Ant-Zen; Audio & Visual Arts". Culture Shock. 1 (97). Genocide Project: 33. ISSN 1093-1651.
  6. ^ Dolimont, Séba (March 1999). "Interview: Stefan Alt of Ant Zen". Side-Line (26): 60–61.
  7. ^ Van Isacker, Bernard (7 Jan 2019). "Power noise label ant-zen stops producing CDs and goes download only". Side-Line. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
  8. ^ Reed 2013, p. 160.
  9. ^ Reed 2013, pp. 249–250.
  10. ^ Reed 2013, pp. 116–117.
  11. ^ a b "Daft Records". Music from the Empty Quarter (12). UK: The Empty Quarter: 28. August 1995. ISSN 0964-542X.
  12. ^ "Celtic Circle Collapse". Culture Shock. 5 (98). Genocide Project: 9. 1998. ISSN 1093-1651.
  13. ^ Reed 2013, p. 284.
  14. ^ Reed 2013, p. 289.
  15. ^ Stefanori, Valerio. "The Intellectual". Alternative Guide. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  16. ^ Reed 2013, p. 204.
  17. ^ "Dais Records: the label where Genesis P-Orridge, Iceage, Sasha Grey and Cold Cave meet". Fact Magazine. Feb 7, 2012.
  18. ^ Reed 2013, p. 298.
  19. ^ Sunderland, Celeste (28 November 2009). "Konnex Records". All About Jazz. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  20. ^ a b Reed 2013, p. 242.
  21. ^ a b "Energy Rekords". Retrieved 20 February 2021.
  22. ^ Reed 2013, p. 135.
  23. ^ "Tesco". Stigmata Magazine. Archived from the original on 9 June 2009. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  24. ^ Kane, Alex. "GPC Productions History". Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  25. ^ Traub, KIm (Spring 1993). Valerio, Paul (ed.). "Interview with GPC Productions". Industrial Nation. 1 (7). Iowa City, IA: Moon Mystique: 14. ISSN 1062-449X.
  26. ^ Reed 2013, p. 283.
  27. ^ Fritch, Matthew (2006-08-25). "Homestead Records: Frontier Days". Magnet. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  28. ^ "Hospital Productions New York record store closes". The Wire. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
  29. ^ Delhez, Didier (Dec 1996). "Interview: Ivan Iusco". Under the Flag (9): 5–6.
  30. ^ "RAS DVA". Music Eternal. Retrieved 22 Dec 2020.
  31. ^ "RAS DVA Records founder Ric Laciak has died". ReGen Magazine. 19 Nov 2014. Retrieved 25 Dec 2020.
  32. ^ Reed 2013, p. 241.
  33. ^ "Neil Cooper, 71, Who Founded A Rock and Reggae Record Label". The New York Times. 23 August 2001.
  34. ^ McQuaid, Ian. "Gone To A Rave #57 - Techno Drome International". Ransom Note. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  35. ^ Webb, Peter (February 2008). "Interview with Tony Wakeford and Reeve Malka". Evening Of Light. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  36. ^ "United Dairies". United Dairies. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  37. ^ Comer, M Tye (13 September 1999). "RPM News". CMJ New Music Report. 60 (635). CMJ Network, Inc.: 70. ISSN 0890-0795. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  38. ^ Martens, Todd (12 March 2005). "Meet the Fontana Family". Billboard. Vol. 117, no. 11. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. p. 65. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  39. ^ "Interview with VR - Space Junkies Magazine". vanrichter.net. Retrieved 2023-05-25.
  40. ^ "Profile: VUZ Records". Culture Shock (2). Genocide Project: 11. 1996. ISSN 1093-1651.
  41. ^ Reed 2013, pp. 225–273.

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