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List of mammals of Germany 
Summary
This list shows the IUCN Red List status of mammal species recorded in Germany. One of them is critically endangered, three are endangered, and several are near threatened. One of the species listed for Germany can no longer be found in the wild. The following tags are used to highlight each species' IUCN Red List status as published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:
| EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
| EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
| CR | Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
| EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
| VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
| NT | Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
| LC | Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
| DD | Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
Order: Rodentia (rodents) edit
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara of South America can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Castoridae (beavers)
- Genus: Castor
- American beaver, C. canadensis LC introduced
- Eurasian beaver, C. fiber LC[1]
- Genus: Castor
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Tribe: Sciurini
- Genus: Sciurus
- Red squirrel, S. vulgaris LC[2]
- Genus: Sciurus
- Tribe: Sciurini
- Subfamily: Xerinae
- Tribe: Marmotini
- Genus: Marmota
- Alpine marmot, M. marmota LC
- Genus: Marmota
- Tribe: Marmotini
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Family: Gliridae (dormice)
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Genus: Dryomys
- Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula LC
- Genus: Eliomys
- Garden dormouse, E. quercinus NT[3]
- Genus: Muscardinus
- Hazel dormouse, M. avellanarius LC
- Genus: Dryomys
- Subfamily: Glirinae
- Genus: Glis
- European edible dormouse, Glis glis LC
- Genus: Glis
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
- Genus: Cricetus
- European hamster, C. cricetus CR[4]
- Genus: Cricetus
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Genus: Arvicola
- European water vole, A. amphibius LC[5]
- Genus: Clethrionomys
- Bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus LC
- Grey red-backed vole, Clethrionomys rufocanus LC
- Genus: Microtus
- Field vole, Microtus agrestis LC
- Common vole, Microtus arvalis LC
- Bavarian pine vole, Microtus bavaricus DD
- Tundra vole, Microtus oeconomus LC
- European pine vole, Microtus subterraneus LC
- Genus: Arvicola
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
- Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters)
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Genus: Mus
- House mouse, M. musculus LC[6]
- Genus: Apodemus
- Striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius LC
- Yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis LC
- Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus LC
- Genus: Micromys
- Eurasian harvest mouse, Micromys minutus LC
- Genus: Rattus
- Genus: Mus
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Family: Castoridae (beavers)
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs) edit
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early twentieth century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
- Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
- Genus: Lepus
- European hare, L. europaeus LC[9]
- Mountain hare, L. timidus LC[10]
- Genus: Oryctolagus
- European rabbit, O. cuniculus EN introduced[11]
- Genus: Lepus
Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures) edit
The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.
- Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
- Genus: Erinaceus
- West European hedgehog, E. europaeus LC[12]
- Genus: Erinaceus
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons) edit
The Soricomorpha are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
- Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Genus: Crocidura
- Bicolored shrew, C. leucodon LC
- Greater white-toothed shrew, C. russula LC
- Lesser white-toothed shrew, C. suaveolens LC[13]
- Genus: Crocidura
- Subfamily: Soricinae
- Tribe: Nectogalini
- Genus: Neomys
- Southern water shrew, N. anomalus LC
- Eurasian water shrew, N. fodiens LC
- Genus: Neomys
- Tribe: Soricini
- Genus: Sorex
- Alpine shrew, S. alpinus LC
- Common shrew, S. araneus LC
- Crowned shrew, S. coronatus LC
- Eurasian pygmy shrew, S. minutus LC
- Genus: Sorex
- Tribe: Nectogalini
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Family: Talpidae (moles)
- Subfamily: Talpinae
- Tribe: Talpini
- Genus: Talpa
- European mole, T. europaea LC
- Genus: Talpa
- Tribe: Talpini
- Subfamily: Talpinae
Order: Chiroptera (bats) edit
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Genus: Myotis
- Bechstein's bat, M. bechsteini NT[14]
- Lesser mouse-eared bat, M. blythii LC[15]
- Brandt's bat, M. brandti LC[16]
- Pond bat, M. dasycneme NT[17]
- Daubenton's bat, M. daubentonii LC[18]
- Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus LC[19]
- Greater mouse-eared bat, M. myotis LC[20]
- Whiskered bat, M. mystacinus LC[21]
- Natterer's bat, M. nattereri LC[22]
- Genus: Myotis
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Genus: Barbastella
- Western barbastelle, B. barbastellus NT[23]
- Genus: Eptesicus
- Northern bat, E. nilssoni LC[24]
- Serotine bat, E. serotinus LC[25]
- Genus: Hypsugo
- Savi's pipistrelle, H. savii LC[26]
- Genus: Nyctalus
- Greater noctule bat, N. lasiopterus NT[27]
- Lesser noctule, N. leisleri LC[28]
- Common noctule, N. noctula LC[29]
- Genus: Pipistrellus
- Nathusius' pipistrelle, P. nathusii LC[30]
- Common pipistrelle, P. pipistrellus LC[31]
- Genus: Plecotus
- Brown long-eared bat, P. auritus LC[32]
- Grey long-eared bat, P. austriacus NT[33]
- Genus: Vespertilio
- Parti-coloured bat, V. murinus LC[34]
- Genus: Barbastella
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Family: Molossidae
- Genus: Tadarida
- European free-tailed bat, T. teniotis LC[35]
- Genus: Tadarida
- Family: Rhinolophidae
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum LC[36]
- Lesser horseshoe bat, R. hipposideros LC[37]
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
Order: Cetacea (whales) edit
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
- Suborder: Mysticeti
- Family: Balaenidae (right whales)
- Genus: Eubalaena
- North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis CR
- Genus: Eubalaena
- Family: Eschrichtiidae (gray whales)
- Family: Balaenopteridae (rorqual)
- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Common minke whale, B. acutorostrata LC[38]
- Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis EN
- Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus EN
- Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus EN
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
- Family: Megapterinae
- Genus: Megaptera
- Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae LC
- Genus: Megaptera
- Family: Balaenidae (right whales)
- Suborder: Odontoceti
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
- Family: Monodontidae (narwhals)
- Genus: Monodon
- Narwhal, Monodon monoceros DD
- Genus: Delphinapterus
- Beluga whale, Delphinapterus leucas NT
- Genus: Monodon
- Family: Phocoenidae (porpoises)
- Genus: Phocoena
- Harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena LC or VU
- Genus: Phocoena
- Family: Physeteridae (sperm whales)
- Genus: Physeter
- Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU
- Genus: Physeter
- Family: Kogiidae
- Genus: Kogia
- Pygmy sperm whale, K. breviceps DD[39]
- Genus: Kogia
- Family: Ziphidae (beaked whales)
- Genus: Ziphius
- Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris DD
- Genus: Ziphius
- Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
- Genus: Hyperoodon
- North Atlantic Bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus DD
- Genus: Mesoplodon
- Sowerby's beaked whale, Mesoplodon bidens DD
- Genus: Hyperoodon
- Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
- Genus: Lagenorhynchus
- White-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris LC
- Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus acutus LC
- Genus: Delphis
- Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis LC
- Genus: Tursiops
- Bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus DD
- Genus: Stenella
- Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba LC
- Genus: Grampus
- Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus DD
- Genus: Globicephala
- Long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas LC
- Genus: Pseudorca
- False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens DD
- Genus: Orcinus
- Genus: Lagenorhynchus
- Family: Monodontidae (narwhals)
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans) edit
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
- Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Felidae
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Genus: Felis
- European wildcat, F. silvestris LC[41]
- Genus: Lynx
- Eurasian lynx, L. lynx LC reintroduced[42]
- Genus: Felis
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Family: Viverridae
- Subfamily: Viverrinae
- Genus: Genetta
- Common genet, G. genetta LC introduced, presence uncertain[43]
- Genus: Genetta
- Subfamily: Viverrinae
- Family: Felidae
- Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae
- Genus: Canis
- Golden jackal, C. aureus LC[44]
- European jackal, C. a. moreoticus
- Gray wolf, C. lupus LC[45]
- Eurasian wolf, C. l. lupus
- Golden jackal, C. aureus LC[44]
- Genus: Nyctereutes
- Raccoon dog, N. procyonoides LC introduced[46]
- Genus: Vulpes
- Genus: Canis
- Family: Procyonidae
- Family: Mustelidae
- Genus: Lutra
- European otter, L. lutra NT[48]
- Genus: Martes
- Beech marten, M. foina LC[49]
- European pine marten, M. martes LC[50]
- Genus: Meles
- European badger, M. meles LC[51]
- Genus: Mustela
- Stoat, M. erminea LC[52]
- Least weasel, M. nivalis LC[53]
- European polecat, M. putorius LC[54]
- Genus: Neogale
- American mink, N. vison LC introduced[55]
- Genus: Lutra
- Family: Phocidae
- Genus: Halichoerus
- Grey seal, H. grypus LC
- Genus: Phoca
- Harbor seal, P. vitulina LC
- Genus: Pusa
- Ringed seal, P. hispida LC
- Genus: Halichoerus
- Family: Canidae
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates) edit
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
Locally extinct edit
The following species are locally extinct in the country:
- Bavarian pine vole, Microtus bavaricus[63]
- Common bent-wing bat, Miniopterus schreibersii[64]
- European mink, Mustela lutreola[65]
- European ground squirrel, Spermophilus citellus[66]
- Brown bear, Ursus arctos[67]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Batbold, J.; Batsaikhan, N.; Shar, S.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G.; Palomo, L. (2016). "Castor fiber". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T4007A115067136.
- ^ Amori, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G.; Muñoz, L. J. P. (2010). "Sciurus vulgaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T20025A9136220.
- ^ Bertolino, S.; Amori, G.; Henttonen, H.; Zagorodnyuk, I.; Zima, J.; Juškaitis, R.; Meinig, H. & Kryštufek, B. (2008). "Eliomys quercinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T7618A12835766.
- ^ Banaszek, A.; Bogomolov, P.; Feoktistova, N.; La Haye, M.; Monecke, S.; Reiners, T. E.; Rusin, M.; Surov, A.; Weinhold, U. & Ziomek, J. (2020). "Cricetus cricetus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T5529A111875852.
- ^ Batsaikhan, N.; Henttonen, H.; Meinig, H.; Shenbrot, G.; Bukhnikashvili, A.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L. (2016). "Arvicola amphibius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T2149A115060819.
- ^ Musser, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N. & Mitsain, G. (2016). "Mus musculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T13972A115117618.
- ^ Ruedas, L. (2016). "Rattus norvegicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19353A165118026.
- ^ Kryštufek, B.; Palomo, L.J.; Hutterer, R.; Mitsain, G. & Yigit, N. (2015). "Rattus rattus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T19360A115148682.
- ^ Hacklande, K. & Schai-Braun, S (2019). "Lepus europaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41280A45187424.
- ^ Smith, A.T. & Johnston, C.H. (2019). "Lepus timidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T11791A45177198.
- ^ Villafuerte, R. & Delibes-Mateos, M. (2019). "Oryctolagus cuniculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41291A45189779.
- ^ Amori, G. (2016). "Erinaceus europaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29650A2791303.
- ^ Hutterer, R.; Amori, G.; Krystufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G.& Palomo, L.J. (2010). "Crocidura suaveolens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T29656A9511068.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Paunović, M. (2019). "Myotis bechsteinii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T14123A22053752.
- ^ Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Myotis blythii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14124A22053297.
- ^ Gazaryan, S.; Kruskop, S.V.; Godlevska, L. (2020). "Myotis brandtii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T85566997A22054468.
- ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Myotis dasycneme". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14127A22055164.
- ^ Kruskop, S.V.; Godlevska, L.; Bücs, S.; Çoraman, E. & Gazaryan, S. (2020). "Myotis daubentonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T85342710A22054773.
- ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Myotis emarginatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14129A22051191.
- ^ Coroiu, I.; Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Myotis myotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14133A22051759.
- ^ Coroiu, I. (2016). "Myotis mystacinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14134A22052250.
- ^ Gazaryan, S.; Kruskop, S.V. & Godlevska, L. (2020). "Myotis nattereri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T85733032A22052584.
- ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Barbastella barbastellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T2553A22029285.
- ^ Coroiu, I. (2016). "Eptesicus nilssonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T7910A22116204.
- ^ Godlevska, L.; Kruskop, S.V.; Gazaryan, S. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Eptesicus serotinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T85199559A195834153.
- ^ Hutson, A. M.; Spitzenberger, F.; Juste, J.; Aulagnier, S.; Palmeirim, J.; Paunovic, M.; Karatas, A. (2010). "Hypsugo savii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T44856A10955205.
- ^ Hutson, A. M.; Alcaldé, J. T.; Juste, J.; Karataş, A.; Palmeirim, J. & Paunović, M. (2010). "Nyctalus lasiopterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T14918A4471682.
- ^ Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Nyctalus leisleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14919A22016159.
- ^ Csorba, G. & Hutson, A.M. (2016). "Nyctalus noctula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14920A22015682.
- ^ Hutson, A. M.; Spitzenberger, F.; Juste, J.; Aulagnier, S.; Palmeirim, J.; Karatas, A. & Paunovic, M. (2010). "Pipistrellus nathusii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T17316A6966886.
- ^ Godlevska, L.; Bücs, S.; Kruskop, S.V.; Gazaryan, S.; Benda, P. & Paunović, M. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Pipistrellus pipistrellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T85333513A196581936.
- ^ Gazaryan, S.; Kruskop, S.V. & Godlevska, L. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Plecotus auritus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T85535522A195861341.
- ^ Gazaryan, S. & Godlevska, L. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Plecotus austriacus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T85533333A195862345.
- ^ Coroiu, I. (2016). "Vespertilio murinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22947A22071456.
- ^ Benda, P. & Piraccini, R. (2016). "Tadarida teniotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T21311A22114995.
- ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Rhinolophus ferrumequinum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19517A21973253.
- ^ Taylor, P. (2016). "Rhinolophus hipposideros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19518A21972794.
- ^ Cooke, J.G. (2018). "Balaenoptera acutorostrata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T2474A50348265.
- ^ Taylor, B.L.; Baird, R.; Barlow, J.; Dawson, S.M.; Ford, J.K.B.; Mead, J.G.; Notarbartolo di Sciara, G.; Wade, P. & Pitman, R.L. (2012). "Kogia breviceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T11047A17692192.
- ^ Reeves, R.; Pitman, R.L. & Ford, J.K.B. (2017). "Orcinus orca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T15421A50368125.
- ^ Gerngross, P.; Ambarli, H.; Angelici, F.M.; Anile, S.; Campbell, R.; Ferreras de Andres, P.; Gil-Sanchez, J.M.; Götz, M.; Jerosch, S.; Mengüllüoglu, D.; Monterosso, P. & Zlatanova, D. (2022). "Felis silvestris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T181049859A181050999. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T181049859A181050999.en. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
- ^ Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Lanz, T.; von Arx, M.; Antonevich, A.; Bao, W. & Avgan, B. (2015). "Lynx lynx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12519A121707666.
- ^ Gaubert, P.; Carvalho, F.; Camps, D. & Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Genetta genetta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41698A45218636.
- ^ Hoffmann, M.; Arnold, J.; Duckworth, J. W.; Jhala, Y.; Kamler, J. F. & Krofel, M. (2018). "Canis aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T118264161A46194820.
- ^ Boitani, L.; Phillips, M. & Jhala, Y. (2018). "Canis lupus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T3746A119623865.
- ^ Kauhala, K. & Saeki, M. (2016). "Nyctereutes procyonoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14925A85658776.
- ^ Hoffmann, M. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2016). "Vulpes vulpes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T23062A46190249.
- ^ Roos, A.; Loy, A.; de Silva, P.; Hajkova, P. & Zemanová, B. (2015). "Lutra lutra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12419A21935287.
- ^ Abramov, A.V.; Kranz, A.; Herrero, J.; Krantz, A.; Choudhury, A. & Maran, T. (2016). "Martes foina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29672A45202514.
- ^ Herrero, J.; Kranz, A.; Skumatov, D.; Abramov, A.V.; Maran, T. & Monakhov, V.G. (2016). "Martes martes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T12848A45199169.
- ^ Kranz, A.; Abramov, A. V.; Herrero, J. & Maran, T. (2016). "Meles meles". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29673A45203002.
- ^ Reid, F.; Helgen, K. & Kranz, A. (2016). "Mustela erminea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29674A45203335.
- ^ McDonald, R. A.; Abramov, A. V.; Stubbe, M.; Herrero, J.; Maran, T.; Tikhonov, A.; Cavallini, P.; Kranz, A.; Giannatos, G.; Kryštufek, B. & Reid, F. (2019). "Mustela nivalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T70207409A147993366.
- ^ Skumatov, D.; Abramov, A.V.; Herrero, J.; Kitchener, A.; Maran, T.; Kranz, A.; Sándor, A.; Stubbe, M.; Saveljev, A.; Savour-Soubelet, A.; Guinot-Ghestem, M.; Zuberogoitia, I.; Birks, J.D.S.; Weber, A.; Melisch, R. & Ruette, S. (2016). "Mustela putorius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41658A45214384.
- ^ Reid, F.; Schiaffini, M. & Schipper, J. (2016). "Neovison vison". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41661A45214988.
- ^ Plumb, G.; Kowalczyk, R. & Hernandez-Blanco, J.A. (2020). "Bison bonasus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T2814A45156279.
- ^ Aulagnier, S.; Giannatos, G. & Herrero, J. (2008). "Rupicapra rupicapra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T39255A10179647.
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External links edit
- "Animal Diversity Web". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 1995–2006. Retrieved 22 May 2007.