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List of neutrino experiments

Summary

Neutrino experiments are scientific studies investigating the properties of neutrinos, which are subatomic particles that are very difficult to detect due to their weak interactions with matter. Neutrino experiments are essential for understanding the fundamental properties of matter and the universe's behaviour at the subatomic level. Here is a non-exhaustive list of neutrino experiments, neutrino detectors, and neutrino telescopes.

Abbreviation Full name Sensitivity[a] Type Induced reaction Type of reaction[b] Detector Type of detector Threshold energy Location Operation Home page
ANNIE Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment SciBooNE Hall, Illinois, United States future [1]
ANTARES Astronomy with a Neutrino Telescope and Abyss Environmental RESearch ATM, CR, AGN, PUL
ν
e,
ν
μ,
ν
τ 		Seawater Cherenkov Mediterranean Sea, France 2006– [2]
ARIANNA Antarctic Ross Ice-Shelf ANtenna Neutrino Array S, CR, AGN, ?
ν
e,
ν
μ,
ν
τ 		Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica future [3]
BDUNT (NT-200+)
Baikal-GVD 		Baikal Deep Underwater Neutrino Telescope /
Gigaton Volume Detector 		S, ATM, LS, AGN, PUL
ν
e,
ν
μ,
ν
τ 		CC, NC Water (H2O) Cherenkov ≈10 GeV Lake Baikal, Russia 1993– [4]
[5]
BOREXINO BORon EXperiment LS
ν
e
ν
x +
e−
 →
ν
x +
e−
 		ES LOS shielded by water Scintillation 250–665 keV Gran Sasso, Italy May 2007– [6] [7]
BUST Baksan Underground Scintillation Telescope Scintillation Baksan River valley, Russia 1977– [8]
CCM Coherent CAPTAIN-Mills AC
ν
e 		CC Liquid Argon Scintillation 50 keV Los Alamos Neutron Science Center 2019- [9]
CHANDLER Carbon Hydrogen AntiNeutrino Detector with a Lithium Enhanced Raghavan-optical-lattice R
ν
e
ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n
 		CC WLS Plastic Scintillating Cubes and Lithium-6-loaded Zinc Sulfide Sheets Scintillation 1.8 MeV North Anna, Virginia, US June 2017- [10]
CLEAN Cryogenic Low-Energy Astrophysics with Neon LS, SN, WIMP
ν
e
ν
x +
e−
 →
ν
x +
e−


ν
e + 20
Ne
 →
ν
e + 20
Ne

ES
ES 		Liquid Ne (10 t) Scintillation SNOLAB
Ontario, Canada 		future [11]
COBRA Cadmium zinc telluride 0-neutrino double-Beta Research Apparatus 64
Zn
 +
e−
 → 64
Ni
 +
e+
70
Zn
 → 70
Ge
 +
e−
 +
e−
106
Cd
 → 106
Pd
 +
e+
 +
e+
108
Cd
 +
e−
 +
e−
 → 108
Pd
114
Cd
 → 114
Sn
 +
e−
 +
e−
116
Cd
 → 116
Sn
 +
e−
 +
e−
120
Te
 +
e−
 → 120
Sn
 +
e+
128
Te
 → 128
Xe
 +
e−
 +
e−
130
Te
 → 130
Xe
 +
e−
 +
e−
 		BB Cadmium zinc telluride Gran Sasso, Italy 2007– [12]
COHERENT COHERENT AC
ν
μ,
ν
μ,
ν
e
ν
 + nucleus →
ν
 + nucleus 		NC CsI[Na], NaI[Tl], HPGe, LAr Coherent Elastic Neutrino Nucleus Scattering (CEvNS) few keV nuclear recoil energy Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory Nov 2016- [13]
Daya Bay Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment R
ν
e
ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n
 		CC Gd-doped LAB (LOS) Scintillation 1.8 MeV Daya Bay, China 2011–2020 [14]
Double Chooz Double Chooz Reactor Neutrino Experiment R
ν
e
ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n
 		CC Gd-doped LOS Scintillation 1.8 MeV Chooz, France 2011–2017 [15]
DUNE Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment AC, ATM, (S), SN all NC, CC, (ES) Liquid argon Scintillation & Time projection chamber around 10 MeV Sanford Underground Research Facility construction start 2017 [16]
ENUBET Enhanced NeUtrino BEams from kaon Tagging AC
ν
e,
ν
μ

ν
e,
ν
μ
ν
e +
n
 →
e−
 +
p
 (+π, +X)

ν
μ +
n
 →
μ−
 +
p
 (+π, +X)


ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n
 (+π, +X)

ν
μ +
p
 →
μ+
 +
n
 (+π, +X)

CC

(NC)

future [17]
ESSnuSB The European Spallation Source neutrino Super Beam AC
ν
μ,
ν
μ(Background:
ν
e,
ν
e) 		Water Water Cherenkov MEMPHYS detector 0.36 GeV Garpenberg, Lund, Sweden future by 2023 [1][2][18]
FASER ForwArd Search ExpeRiment C
ν
e,
ν
μ,
ν
τ
ν
 + N →
ℓ
 + X 		CC + NC Tungsten Emulsion >10 GeV Large Hadron Collider 2022- [19]
EXO-200 Enriched Xenon Observatory 134
Xe
 → 134
Ba
 +
e−
 +
e−
136
Xe
 → 136
Ba
 +
e−
 +
e−
 		BB Liquid Xenon WIPP, New Mexico 2009– [20]
GALLEX GALLium EXperiment LS
ν
e
ν
e + 71
Ga
 → 71
Ge
 +
e−
 		CC GaCl3 (30 t) Radiochemical 233.2 keV Gran Sasso, Italy 1991–1997 [21]
GERDA The GERmanium Detector Array BB
ν
e 		76
Ge
 → 76
As
 +
e−
 +
e−
 		BB HPGe Semiconductor Gran Sasso, Italy [22]
GRAND Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection AGN, CR, ?
ν
τ
ν
τ + N →
τ−
 + X 		CC Electromagnetic waves caused by
τ−
 through extensive air showers in the atmosphere. 		Radio 1017 eV China Proposed [23]
HALO Helium And Lead Observatory SN
ν
e,
ν
x
ν
e + 208
Pb
 →
e−
 + 209
Bi
*

ν
 + 208
Pb
 →
ν
 + 208
Pb
* 		CC, NC Lead (79 t) and 3He High-Z ≈10 MeV Creighton Mine, Ontario 2012– [24]
HERON Helium Roton Observation of Neutrinos LS
ν
e (mainly)
ν
e +
e−
 →
ν
e +
e−
 		NC Superfluid He Rotational excitation 1 MeV future [25]
HOMESTAKE–CHLORINE Homestake chlorine experiment S
ν
e 		37
Cl
 +
ν
e → 37
Ar
* +
e−
37
Ar
* → 37
Cl
 +
e+
 +
ν
e 		CC C2Cl4 (615 t) Radiochemical 814 keV Homestake Mine, South Dakota 1967–1998 [26]
HOMESTAKE–IODINE Homestake iodine experiment S
ν
e
ν
 +
e−
 →
ν
 +
e−

ν
e + 127
I
 → 127
Xe
 +
e−
 		ES
CC 		NaI in water Radiochemical 789 keV Homestake Mine, South Dakota future [27]
Hyper-Kamiokande Hyper-Kamiokande S, ATM, SN, AC
ν
e,
ν
μ

ν
e,
ν
μ
ν
e +
e−
 →
ν
e +
e−


ν
e +
n
 →
e−
 +
p
 (+π, +X)

ν
μ +
n
 →
μ−
 +
p
 (+π, +X)

ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n
 (+π, +X)

ν
μ +
p
 →
μ+
 +
n
 (+π, +X)

ES, CC, (NC) water Cherenkov 200 MeV Tokai and Kamioka, Japan 2027-
(under construction) 		[28]
ICARUS Imaging Cosmic And Rare Underground Signal S, ATM, GSN
ν
e,
ν
μ,
ν
τ
ν
 +
e−
 →
ν
 +
e−
 		ES Liquid Ar Cherenkov 5.9 MeV Gran Sasso, Italy 2010– [29]
IceCube IceCube Neutrino Detector ATM, CR, AGN, ?
ν
e,
ν
μ,
ν
τ
ν
 + N →
ν
 + Cascade ,
ν
 + N → Charged lepton + Cascade 		CC, NC Water ice (1 km3) Cherenkov ≈10 GeV South Pole, Antarctica 2006– [30]
India-based Neutrino Observatory Iron Calorimeter Detector @ India-based Neutrino Observatory ATM
ν
μ
ν
μ+Fe→
μ−
+X 		CC (dominant), NC Magnetised iron (50 kton) RPC active detector elements ≈0.6 GeV Theni, Tamil Nadu, India 2012– (lab construction); 2018– (detector operation) [31]
JUNO Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory R
ν
e
ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n
 		CC LAB (LOS) + PPO + Bis-MSB Scintillation Kaiping, China 2014– (construction) [32]
Kamiokande Kamioka Nucleon Decay Experiment S, ATM
ν
e
ν
 +
e−
 →
ν
 +
e−
 		ES Water (H2O) Cherenkov 7.5 MeV Kamioka, Japan 1986–1995 [33]
KamLAND Kamioka Liquid Scintillator Antineutrino Detector R
ν
e
ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n
 		CC LOS Scintillation 1.8 MeV Kamioka, Japan 2002– [34]
KM3NeT KM3 Neutrino Telescope S, ATM, CR, SN, AGN, PUL
ν
μ,
ν
e,
ν
τ 		Sea water (≈5 km3) Cherenkov Mediterranean Sea 2014– [35]
LAGUNA Large Apparatus studying Grand Unification and Neutrino Astrophysics future [36]
LENS Low Energy Neutrino Spectroscopy LS
ν
e
ν
e + 115
In
 → 115
Sn
 +
ν
e + 2
γ
 		CC In-doped LOS Scintillation 120 keV proposed [37] [38]
Majorana Demonstrator The Majorana Demonstrator BB
ν
e 		76
Ge
 → 76
As
 +
e−
 +
e−
 		BB HPGe Semiconductor 2039 keV Homestake Mine, South Dakota construction start 2012 [39]
MicroBooNE AC, SN
ν
e,
ν
μ 		ES, NC, CC Liquid Argon TPC few MeV Illinois, United States 2014- [40]
MINERvA Main Injector ExpeRiment for v-A AC
ν
μ 		many CC, NC Solid scintillator, targets of Liquid helium, Carbon, Water, Iron, Lead Scintillation ≈0.5 GeV Illinois, United States 2009–2019 [41]
MiniBooNE Mini Booster Neutrino Experiment AC
ν
e,
ν
μ
ν
e + 12
C
 →
e−
 + X 		CC Mineral oil (1000 t) Cherenkov ≈100 keV Illinois, United States 2002– [42]
MINOS Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search AC, ATM
ν
e,
ν
μ
ν
μ+nucleus →
μ−
+X 		CC, NC Solid scintillator Scintillation ≈0.5 GeV Illinois and Minnesota, United States 2005–2012 [43]
MINOS+ Upgraded electronics for MINOS AC, ATM
ν
e,
ν
μ,
ν
μ+nucleus →
μ−
+X 		CC, NC Solid scintillator Scintillation ≈0.5 GeV Illinois and Minnesota, United States 2013– [44]
MOON Molybdenum Observatory Of Neutrinos LS, LSN
ν
e
ν
e + 100
Mo
 → 100
Tc
 +
e−
 		CC 100
Mo
 (1 kt) + MoF6 (gas) 		Scintillation 168 keV Washington, United States [45]
NEMO-3 Neutrino Ettore Majorana Observatory BB
ν
e 		100
Mo
 → 100
Ru
 + 2
e−

100
Se
 → 100
Kr
 + 2
e−

BB Tracker + calorimeter He+Ar wire chamber, plastic scintillators 150 keV Modane Underground Laboratory, Fréjus Road Tunnel, France 2003–2011 [46]
NEMO Telescope NEutrino Mediterranean Observatory Mediterranean Sea, Italy 2007– [47]
NEVOD Cherenkov water detector NEVOD ATM, CR
ν
μ
ν
μ +
n
 →
μ−
 +
p

ν
μ +
p
 →
μ+
 +
n
 		CC Water (H2O) Cherenkov ≈2 GeV Moscow, Russia 1993– [48]
NEXT Neutrino Experiment with a Xenon Time Projection Chamber BB 136
Xe
 → 136
Ba
 + 2
e−
 		BB Gaseous Xenon Time projection chamber ≈10 keV Canfranc, Spain 2016– [49]
NOνA NuMI Off-Axis νe Appearance AC
ν
e,
ν
μ
ν
e+nucleus →
e−
+X 		CC Liquid scintillator Scintillation ≈0.1 GeV Illinois and Minnesota, United States 2011– [50]
OPERA Oscillation Project with Emulsion-tRacking Apparatus AC
ν
τ
ν
τ+nucleus →
τ−
+X 		CC Lead/Emulsion Nuclear Emulsion ≈1.0 GeV LNGS (Italy) and CERN 2008– [51]
Auger Pierre Auger Observatory CR Cherenkov Argentina [52]
RENO Reactor Experiment for Neutrino Oscillation R
ν
e
ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n
 		CC Gd-doped LOS Scintillation 1.8 MeV South Korea 2011–
RNO-G Radio Neutrino Observatory Greenland CR, AGN, ?
ν
e,
ν
μ,
ν
τ 		CC, NC In-Ice Radio >10 PeV Summit Camp, Greenland 2021– [53]
SAGE Soviet–American Gallium Experiment LS
ν
e
ν
e + 71
Ga
 → 71
Ge
 +
e−
 		CC Ga (metallic) Radiochemical 233.2 keV Baksan River valley, Russia 1989– [54]
SciBooNE SciBar (Scintillator Bar) Booster Neutrino Experiment AC
ν
μ
ν
μ + 12
C
 →
μ−
 + X 		CC, NC Plastic (CH,10 ton) Scintillation ≈100 keV Illinois, United States 2007–2008 [55]
SNO Sudbury Neutrino Observatory S, ATM, GSN
ν
e,
ν
μ,
ν
τ
ν
e + 2
D
 → 2
p
 +
e−

ν
x + 2
D
 →
ν
x +
n
 +
p

ν
e +
e−
 →
ν
e +
e−
 		CC
NC
ES 		Heavy water (1 kt D2O) Cherenkov 3.5 MeV Creighton Mine, Ontario 1999–2006 [56]
SNO+ SNO with liquid scintillator S,LS,R,T,

SN,LSN


ν
e
ν
x +
e−
 →
ν
x +
e−


ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n

ES, BB linear alkylbenzene (LAB) + PPO Scintillation ≈≤1MeV Creighton Mine, Ontario 2014– [57]
SoLid Short baseline Oscillation Search with Lithium-6 Detector R
ν
e
ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n
 		CC plastic and anorganic scintillator Scintillation ≈2 MeV Mol, Belgium 2015- [58]
STEREO STErile neutrino REactor Oscillation experiment R
ν
e
ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n
 		CC liquid organic scintillator loaded with Gd Scintillation ≈2 MeV Grenoble, France 2013– [59]
Super-K Super-Kamiokande S, ATM, GSN
ν
e,
ν
μ,
ν
τ
ν
e +
e−
 →
ν
e +
e−

ν
e +
n
 →
e−
 +
p

ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n
 		ES
CC
CC 		Water (H2O) Cherenkov 200 MeV Kamioka, Japan 1996– [60] [61]
SuperNEMO SuperNEMO BB
ν
e 		100
Se
 → 100
Kr
 + 2
e−
150
Nd
 → 150
Sm
 + 2
e−
 		BB Tracker + calorimeter He+Ar wire chamber, plastic scintillators 150 keV Modane Underground Laboratory, Fréjus Road Tunnel, France 2017– [62]
TRIDENT TRopIcal DEep-sea Neutrino Telescope S, ATM, CR, SN, AGN, PUL
ν
e,
ν
μ,
ν
τ 		CC, NC Seawater (7.5 cubic km) Cherenkov Western Pacific Ocean Proposed

Pilot: 2026
Full operation: 2030

[63]
T2K Tokai to Kamioka AC
ν
e,
ν
μ

ν
e,
ν
μ
ν
e +
n
 →
e−
 +
p
 (+π, +X)

ν
μ +
n
 →
μ−
 +
p
 (+π, +X)


ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n
 (+π, +X)

ν
μ +
p
 →
μ+
 +
n
 (+π, +X)

CC

(NC)

Water (H2O) Cherenkov
200 MeV
Tokai, Japan Kamioka, Japan 2011– [64]
UNO Underground Nucleon decay and neutrino Observatory S, ATM, GSN, RSN
ν
e,
ν
μ,
ν
τ
ν
e +
e−
 →
ν
e +
e−
 		ES Water (440 kt H2O) Cherenkov Henderson Mine, Colorado abandoned [65]

^[a] Accelerator neutrino (AC), Active galactic nuclei neutrino (AGN), Atmospheric neutrino (ATM), Collider neutrino (C), Cosmic ray neutrino (CR), Low-energy solar neutrino (LS), Low-energy supernova neutrino (LSN), Pulsar neutrino (PUL), Reactor neutrino (R), Solar neutrino (S), Supernova neutrino (SN), Terrestrial neutrino (T).
^[b] Double beta decay (BB), Charged current (CC), Elastic scattering (ES), Neutral current (NC).

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Wildner, E.; Baussan, E.; Blennow, M.; Bogomilov, M.; Burgman, A.; Bouquerel, E.; Carlile, C.; Cederkäll, J.; Christiansen, P.; Cupial, P.; Danared, H. (2016). "The Opportunity Offered by the ESSnuSB Project to Exploit the Larger Leptonic CP Violation Signal at the Second Oscillation Maximum and the Requirements of This Project on the ESS Accelerator Complex". Advances in High Energy Physics. 2016: 1–16. arXiv:1510.00493. doi:10.1155/2016/8640493. ISSN 1687-7357.
  2. ^ Dracos, Marcos (September 2018). "The European Spallation Source neutrino Super Beam". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 1067: 042001. arXiv:1803.10948. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1067/4/042001. ISSN 1742-6588. S2CID 4938289.

External links edit

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