The most southerly geographical features of various types are listed here.
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Capital (of an independent nation) | Wellington, New Zealand | 41°17′20″S 174°46′38″E / 41.28889°S 174.77722°E |
Permanent settlement of any size | Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica | 90°S 0°E / 90°S 0°E |
Settlement capable of housing more than 1,000 people[1] | McMurdo Station, Antarctica | 77°51′S 166°40′E / 77.850°S 166.667°E |
Town > 1,000 people | Puerto Williams, Chile | 54°56′S 67°37′W / 54.933°S 67.617°W |
City > 50,000 people | Ushuaia, Argentina | 54°48′S 68°18′W / 54.800°S 68.300°W |
City > 100,000 people | Punta Arenas, Chile | 53°10′S 70°56′W / 53.167°S 70.933°W |
City > 250,000 people | Christchurch, New Zealand | 43°31′48″S 172°37′13″E / 43.53000°S 172.62028°E |
City > 500,000 people | Mar del Plata, Argentina | 38°00′S 57°33′W / 38.000°S 57.550°W |
Metropolitan area > 5,000,000 people | Melbourne, Australia | 37°48′49″S 144°57′47″E / 37.81361°S 144.96306°E |
Metropolitan area > 15,000,000 people | Buenos Aires, Argentina | 34°36′12″S 58°22′54″W / 34.60333°S 58.38167°W |
Metropolitan area > 20,000,000 people | São Paulo, Brazil | 23°33′06″S 46°38′01″W / 23.55167°S 46.63361°W |
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Body of water (navigable) | Bay of Whales, Ross Sea | 78°30′S 164°20′W / 78.500°S 164.333°W |
Land (excluding Antarctica) | Thule Island, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | 59°31′50″S 27°23′50″W / 59.53056°S 27.39722°W |
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Any island (above sea level) | Deverall Island | 81°28′S 161°54′E / 81.467°S 161.900°E |
Any island (with bare rock, not ice-covered) | Ross Island | 77°50′S 166°40′E / 77.833°S 166.667°E |
Any size excluding Antarctica | Thule Island | 59°27′S 27°18′W / 59.450°S 27.300°W |
Island > 10,000 km2 excluding Antarctica | Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina/Chile | 55°02′S 56°27′W / 55.033°S 56.450°W |
Island > 100,000 km2 | South Island, New Zealand | 46°40′S 169°00′E / 46.667°S 169.000°E |
Coral atoll | Elizabeth Reef, Australia | 29°57′S 159°04′E / 29.950°S 159.067°E |
The southernmost point of Berkner Island is further south than any of these, but its bedrock lies entirely below sea level, with only its ice covering rising above.
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Bird: South polar skua (Stercorarius maccormicki) | seen at the South Pole[2] | 90°S 0°E / 90°S 0°E |
Amphibian: Gray four-eyed frog (Pleurodema bufoninum) | Southern tip of South America[3] | 53°54′S 71°18′W / 53.900°S 71.300°W |
Mammal: Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) | Southern Ocean[4][5] | 80th parallel south |
Marsupial: Patagonian opossum (Lestodelphys halli) | Estancia La Madrugada, Argentina[6] | 47°06′00″S 66°29′01″W / 47.1°S 66.48361°W |
Reptile: Liolaemus magellanicus | Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego[7] | 52°22′57″S 68°24′36″W / 52.382367°S 68.409956°W |
Insect: Antarctic midge (Belgica antarctica) | Refuge Islands[8][9] | 68°21′S 67°10′W / 68.350°S 67.167°W |
Fish: Gymnoscopelus nicholsi, Gymnoscopelus braueri, Electrona antarctica | Ross Sea[10] | 75th parallel south |
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Flowering plants (in greenhouses) | Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica[11] | 90°00′S 139°16′W / 90.000°S 139.267°W |
Grass and flowering plants (naturally occurring) | Terra Firma Islands, Antarctica[12] | 68°42′S 67°32′W / 68.700°S 67.533°W |
Trees (Nothofagus betuloides, naturally occurring) | Hornos Island, Chile[13] | 55°58′S 67°15′W / 55.967°S 67.250°W |
Conifers (Pilgerodendron uviferum, naturally occurring) | Tierra del Fuego, Chile[14][15] | 54°20′S 70°7′W / 54.333°S 70.117°W |
Palms (nīkau (Rhopalostylis sapida), naturally occurring) | Chatham Islands, New Zealand[16] | 44°02′S 176°26′W / 44.033°S 176.433°W |
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Cattle farm | Estancia Moat, Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina[17] | 54°58′32″S 66°44′41″W / 54.97556°S 66.74472°W |
Cherry orchard | Los Antiguos, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina[18] | 46°32′30″S 71°39′20″W / 46.54167°S 71.65556°W |
Potato farm | Centro Experimental Kampenaike, Magallanes Region, Chile[19] | 52°37′59″S 70°32′41″W / 52.63306°S 70.54472°W |
Rice field | San Nicolás, Ñuble Region, Chile[20][21] | 36°30′12″S 72°12′44″W / 36.503333°S 72.212222°W |
Vineyard | Chile Chico, Aysén Region, Chile[22] | 46°32′00″S 71°41′16″W / 46.53333°S 71.68778°W |
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
International Baccalaureate school | John McGlashan College, Dunedin, New Zealand[23] | 45°51′17″S 170°29′55″E / 45.85472°S 170.49861°E |
University | National University of Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina[24] | 54°48′57″S 68°19′04″W / 54.81583°S 68.31778°W |
Kindergarten | Puerto Williams,[25] Chile | 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W / 54.93306°S 67.61667°W |
Secondary school | Puerto Williams, Chile[26] | 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W / 54.93306°S 67.61667°W |
Primary school | Escuela Nº 38 "Presidente Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín", Esperanza Base, Antarctica[27] | 63°24′S 57°00′W / 63.400°S 57.000°W |
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Astronomical observatory | South Pole Telescope, Antarctica | 90°S 0°E / 90°S 0°E |
Permanent scientific research station |
Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica | 90°S 0°E / 90°S 0°E |
Planetarium | Tūhura Otago Museum, Dunedin, New Zealand[28] | 45°51′56″S 170°30′38″E / 45.86556°S 170.51056°E |
Nuclear power plant | Atucha I, Argentina[29] | 33°58′S 59°12′W / 33.967°S 59.200°W |
Atucha II, Argentina[citation needed] | 33°58′S 59°12′W / 33.967°S 59.200°W |
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Prehistoric archaeological site | Yaghan people's Cape Horn hunting camp,[30] Chile. | 55°58′19″S 67°15′50″W / 55.97183°S 67.264006°W |
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Airfield (permanent, no scheduled flights) | Jack F. Paulus Skiway at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica | 89°59′22″S 1°00′00″W / 89.98944°S 1.00000°W |
Seaport/Harbour | Winter Quarters Bay, McMurdo Station, Antarctica[31] | 77°51′S 166°40′E / 77.850°S 166.667°E |
Narrow gauge railway | Dumont d'Urville Station, Antarctica[32][33]
The record was previously held by a 1963 installed line at the British Antarctic Survey base at Signy Island.[32] |
66°40′S 140°01′E / 66.667°S 140.017°E |
Airport (permanent, with scheduled flights) | Guardiamarina Zañartu Airport, Puerto Williams, Chile | 54°56′S 67°37′W / 54.933°S 67.617°W |
International airport | Ushuaia – Malvinas Argentinas International Airport, Ushuaia, Argentina | 54°50′S 68°17′W / 54.833°S 68.283°W |
Traffic light | Hipólito Yrigoyen/Constitución Fueguina, Ushuaia, Argentina | 54°49′42″S 68°20′04″W / 54.82834°S 68.33436°W |
Railway | Southern Fuegian Railway (Ferrocarril Austral Fueguino) from Ushuaia to the Tierra del Fuego National Park in Argentina[34] | 54°48′S 68°18′W / 54.800°S 68.300°W |
Suspension bridge | Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge, Falkland Islands[35] | 51°51′14″S 59°01′04″E / 51.853912°S 59.017825°E |
Electrified railway | Wellington station, Wellington, New Zealand | 41°16′43″S 174°46′51″E / 41.27861°S 174.78083°E |
Metro station | Plaza de los Virreyes - Eva Perón in Buenos Aires, Argentina[36] | 34°38′35″S 58°27′42″W / 34.64306°S 58.46167°W |
Underground railway station | Flagstaff railway station, Melbourne, Australia | 37°48′44″S 144°57′22″E / 37.81222°S 144.95611°E |
Tramway system | Christchurch Heritage Tram, Christchurch, New Zealand | 43°32′07″S 172°38′28″E / 43.53528°S 172.64111°E (southernmost point of route) |
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Bowling club | Stewart Island Bowling Club, Oban, New Zealand[37] | 46°53′57″S 168°07′43″E / 46.899224°S 168.128746°E |
Ski resort | Cerro Castor, Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina[38] | 54°43′S 68°00′W / 54.717°S 68.000°W |
Golf club | Ushuaia Golf Club, Ushuaia, Argentina[39] | 54°49′52″S 68°25′02″E / 54.831183°S 68.417283°E |
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Church (ice-made) | Chapel of Our Lady of the Snows, Belgrano II Base, Antarctica[40][41] | 77°52′S 34°37′W / 77.867°S 34.617°W |
Church (regular) | Trinity Church, Antarctica (Russian Orthodox Church), King George Island, Antarctica[citation needed] | 62°12′S 58°58′W / 62.200°S 58.967°W |
Mormon church | Puerto Williams, Chile[42] | 54°56′S 67°37′W / 54.933°S 67.617°W |
Cathedral | El Sagrado Corazón, Diocese of Punta Arenas, Punta Arenas, Chile[43] | 53°10′S 70°56′W / 53.167°S 70.933°W |
Hindu temple | Centro Cultural y Templo Hindu, Punta Arenas, Chile[44] | 53°10′S 70°56′W / 53.167°S 70.933°W |
Mosque | Southland Muslim Association, Invercargill, New Zealand[45] | 46°24′35″S 168°23′20″E / 46.40972°S 168.38889°E |
Synagogue | Dunedin Synagogue, Dunedin, New Zealand[46][47] | 45°52′S 170°30′E / 45.867°S 170.500°E |
Buddhist stupa | the Enlightenment Stupa at Portobello, Dunedin, New Zealand[48] | 45°51′S 170°39′E / 45.850°S 170.650°E |
Sikh Gurdwara | New Zealand Sikh Society (Wellington), Lower Hutt, New Zealand[49] | 41°12′S 174°57′E / 41.200°S 174.950°E |
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Tourist office | Puerto Williams,[50] Chile | 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W / 54.93306°S 67.61667°W |
Restaurant | Lodge Lakutaia,[51] Puerto Williams, Chile | 54°56′12″S 67°36′47″W / 54.936789°S 67.613039°W |
Cinema | Jubany Base, Antarctic Peninsula[citation needed] | 62°14′S 58°40′W / 62.233°S 58.667°W |
Public post office | Port Lockroy, Goudier Island, Antarctica[52] | 64°49′S 63°30′W / 64.817°S 63.500°W |
Bar | Faraday Bar,[53] Vernadsky Research Base, Antarctica | 65°14′45″S 64°15′27″W / 65.245747°S 64.257391°W |
Automated teller machine | McMurdo Station, Antarctica[54] | 77°51′S 166°40′E / 77.850°S 166.667°E |
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Mercedes-Benz retailer | Mario Bonetto Rodados y Servicios, Ushuaia, Argentina | 54°48′05″S 68°17′06″W / 54.80131°S 68.28499°W |
Toyota retailer | Celentano Motors, Ushuaia, Argentina | 54°47′30″S 68°14′12″W / 54.79156°S 68.23678°W |
Volkswagen retailer | Ushuaia, Argentina | 54°47′27″S 68°14′25″W / 54.79077°S 68.24022°W |
Mobil petrol station | Invercargill, New Zealand | 46°25′46″S 168°21′42″E / 46.42944°S 168.36167°E [55] |
Tesla retailer | Wigram, Christchurch, New Zealand | 43°32′44″S 172°33′34″E / 43.54562°S 172.55936°E [56] |
H&M | Christchurch Central, Christchurch, New Zealand | 43°32′00″S 172°38′16″E / 43.53333°S 172.63778°E [57] |
Shell petrol station | Blackmans Bay, Tasmania, Australia | 43°00′00″S 147°19′13″E / 43.00000°S 147.32028°E [58] |
Aldi | Wonthaggi, Victoria, Australia | 38°36′15″S 145°35′34″E / 38.60429°S 145.59273°E |
7-Eleven | Rosebud, Victoria, Australia | 38°21′25″S 144°54′04″E / 38.35694°S 144.90111°E [59] |
ECCO | Moorabbin, Melbourne, Australia | 37°58′15″S 145°05′21″E / 37.97083°S 145.08917°E [60] |
IKEA | Springvale, Melbourne, Australia | 37°55′36″S 145°08′36″E / 37.92667°S 145.14333°E |
Zara | Chadstone Shopping Centre, Malvern East, Melbourne, Australia | 37°53′05″S 145°05′00″E / 37.88464°S 145.08320°E |
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
Hard Rock Café | Ushuaia, Argentina | 54°48′25″S 68°18′23″W / 54.806825°S 68.3062502°W |
Domino's Pizza | Punta Arenas, Chile | 53°08′20″S 70°53′23″W / 53.138801°S 70.889852°W |
Pizza Hut | Invercargill, New Zealand | 46°25′40″S 168°21′41″E / 46.427798°S 168.361313°E |
Subway | Invercargill, New Zealand | 46°25′40″S 168°21′42″E / 46.427908°S 168.361736°E |
McDonald's | Invercargill, New Zealand[61] | 46°25′15″S 168°21′41″E / 46.420921°S 168.361503°E |
KFC | Invercargill, New Zealand | 46°25′08″S 168°21′42″E / 46.418758°S 168.361609°E |
Burger King | Invercargill, New Zealand[62] | 46°24′48″S 168°21′42″E / 46.413267°S 168.361750°E |
Starbucks | Invercargill, New Zealand[63] | 46°24′43″S 168°20′57″E / 46.411950°S 168.349075°E |
Wendy's | Dunedin, New Zealand[64] | 45°53′38″S 170°30′14″E / 45.894013°S 170.503808°E |
Taco Bell | Dunedin North, Dunedin, New Zealand | 45°51′39″S 170°30′45″E / 45.86095°S 170.51238°E |
Denny's | Christchurch Central, Christchurch, New Zealand | 43°32′25″S 172°38′21″E / 43.54034°S 172.63921°E |
Baskin-Robbins | Camberwell, Melbourne, Australia | 37°49′50″S 145°03′24″E / 37.830423°S 145.056742°E |
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
National park | Cabo de Hornos National Park, Tierra del Fuego, Chile | 55°49′58″S 67°25′58″W / 55.83278°S 67.43278°W |
Penguin reserve | Magdalena Island Penguin Reserve, Magdalena Island, Magallanes Region, Chile[65] | |
Aviary | Queens Park Aviary, Invercargill, New Zealand | 46°24′13″S 168°21′37″E / 46.40361°S 168.36028°E |
Botanical garden | Jardín Botánico de Ushuaia, Ushuaia, Argentina[66] | 54°47′07″S 68°16′56″W / 54.78528°S 68.28222°W |
Item | Place | Latitude/longitude |
---|---|---|
UNESCO world heritage site (natural) | French Austral Land and Seas[67] | 90°00′S 45°00′E / 90.000°S 45.000°E (southernmost Point) |
UNESCO world heritage site (cultural) | Cueva de las Manos, Argentina[68] | 47°09′S 70°40′W / 47.150°S 70.667°W |
Skyscraper (>100 m) | Majestic Centre, Wellington, New Zealand | 41°17′19″S 174°46′27″E / 41.288501°S 174.774296°E |
Opera house | Oamaru Opera House, Oamaru, New Zealand | 45°05′55″S 170°58′13″E / 45.0986°S 170.9703°E |
High-rise building | Cue Building,[69] Invercargill, New Zealand | 46°24′40″S 168°20′57″E / 46.4110°S 168.3493°E |
Mine | Invierno mine, Riesco Island, Chile[70] | 52°52′12″S 71°37′31″W / 52.87000°S 71.62528°W |
Brewery | Cerveza Artesanal Beagle, Ushuaia, Argentina[71] | 54°47′24″S 68°15′57″W / 54.789983°S 68.265745°W |
Lighthouse | Monumental Cabo de Hornos, Hornos Island, Chile[72] | 55°57′54″S 67°13′12″W / 55.96500°S 67.22000°W |
Bell tower | Tokomairiro Presbyterian Church, Milton, New Zealand | 46°07′22″S 169°57′25″E / 46.12278°S 169.95694°E |
Place of birth of a human | Esperanza Base, Antarctica (Emilio Marcos Palma in 1978 and seven others) [73] | 63°24′S 57°00′W / 63.400°S 57.000°W |
Cemetery | Buromskiy Island, Antarctica[74] | 66°32′S 93°00′E / 66.533°S 93.000°E |
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Winter Quarters Bay is the world's southernmost port.