Africa: Central edit

• Democratic People's Republic of Angola (complete list) –

• Jonas Savimbi, President (1979–2002)
• Paulo Lukamba Gato, Interim leader (2002)

• Angola

• Presidents (complete list) –

• José Eduardo dos Santos, President (1979–2017)
• João Lourenço, President (2017–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos, Prime minister (2002–2008)
• Paulo Kassoma, Prime minister (2008–2010)

position currently abolished

• Cameroon

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Paul Biya, President (1982–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Peter Mafany Musonge, Prime minister (1996–2004)
• Ephraïm Inoni, Prime minister (2004–2009)
• Philémon Yang, Prime minister (2009–2019)
• Joseph Ngute, Prime minister (2019–present)

• Central African Republic

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ange-Félix Patassé, President (1993–2003)
• François Bozizé, President (2003–2013)
• Michel Djotodia, President (2013), Transitional Head of State (2013–2014)
• Alexandre-Ferdinand Nguendet, Acting Transitional Head of State (2014)
• Catherine Samba-Panza, Transitional Head of State (2014–2016)
• Faustin-Archange Touadéra, President (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Anicet-Georges Dologuélé, Prime minister (1999–2001)
• Martin Ziguélé, Prime minister (2001–2003)
• Abel Goumba, Prime minister (2003)
• Célestin Gaombalet, Prime minister (2003–2005)
• Élie Doté, Prime minister (2005–2008)
• Faustin-Archange Touadéra, Prime minister (2008–2013)
• Nicolas Tiangaye, Prime minister (2013–2014)
• André Nzapayeké, Interim Prime minister (2014)
• Mahamat Kamoun, Interim Prime minister (2014–2016)
• Simplice Sarandji, Prime minister (2016–2019)
• Firmin Ngrébada, Prime minister (2019–2021)
• Henri-Marie Dondra, Prime minister (2021–2022)
• Félix Moloua, Prime minister (2022–present)

• Chad

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Idriss Déby, President (1990–2021)
• Mahamat Déby, Chairman of the Transitional Military Council (2021–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Nagoum Yamassoum, Prime minister (1999–2002)
• Haroun Kabadi, Prime minister (2002–2003)
• Moussa Faki, Prime minister (2003–2005)
• Pascal Yoadimnadji, Prime minister (2005–2007)
• Adoum Younousmi, Acting Prime minister (2007)
• Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye, Prime minister (2007–2008)
• Youssouf Saleh Abbas, Prime minister (2008–2010)
• Emmanuel Nadingar, Prime minister (2010–2013)
• Djimrangar Dadnadji, Prime minister (2013)
• Kalzeubet Pahimi Deubet, Prime minister (2013–2016)
• Albert Pahimi Padacké, Prime minister (2016–2018, 2021–2022)
• Saleh Kebzabo, Prime minister (2022–2024)
• Succès Masra, Prime minister (2024–present)

• Democratic Republic of the Congo

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Laurent-Désiré Kabila, President (1997–2001)
• Joseph Kabila, President (2001–2019)
• Félix Tshisekedi, President (2019–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Antoine Gizenga, Prime minister (2006–2008)
• Adolphe Muzito, Prime minister (2008–2012)
• Louis Alphonse Koyagialo, Acting Prime minister (2012)
• Augustin Matata Ponyo, Prime minister (2012–2016)
• Samy Badibanga, Prime minister (2016–2017)
• Bruno Tshibala, Prime minister (2017–2019)
• Sylvestre Ilunga, Prime minister (2019–2021)
• Sama Lukonde, Prime minister (2021–2024)
• Judith Tuluka, Prime minister (2024–present)

• Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Denis Sassou Nguesso, President (1997–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Isidore Mvouba, Prime minister (2005–2009)
• Clément Mouamba, Prime minister (2016–2021)
• Anatole Collinet Makosso, Prime minister (2021–present)

• Equatorial Guinea

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President (1979–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan, Prime minister (1996–2001)
• Cándido Muatetema Rivas, Prime minister (2001–2004)
• Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó, Prime minister (2004–2006)
• Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea, Prime minister (2006–2008)
• Ignacio Milam Tang, Prime minister (2008–2012)
• Vicente Ehate Tomi, Prime minister (2012–2016)
• Francisco Pascual Obama Asue, Prime minister (2016–2023)
• Manuela Roka Botey, Prime minister (2023–present)

• Gabon

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Omar Bongo, President (1967–2009)
• Didjob Divungi Di Ndinge, Acting President (2009)
• Rose Francine Rogombé, Acting President (2009)
• Ali Bongo Ondimba, President (2009–2023)
• Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema, Transitional President (2023–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane, Prime minister (1999–2006)
• Jean Eyeghé Ndong, Prime minister (2006–2009)
• Paul Biyoghé Mba, Prime minister (2009–2012)
• Raymond Ndong Sima, Prime minister (2012–2014)
• Daniel Ona Ondo, Prime minister (2014–2016)
• Emmanuel Issoze-Ngondet, Prime minister (2016–2019)
• Julien Nkoghe Bekale, Prime minister (2019–2020)
• Rose Christiane Raponda, Prime minister (2020–2023)
• Alain Claude Billie By Nze, Prime minister (2023)
• Raymond Ndong Sima, Prime minister (2023–present)

• São Tomé and Príncipe

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Miguel Trovoada, President (1991–2001)
• Fradique de Menezes, President (2001–2003)
• Fernando Pereira, Acting President (2003)
• Fradique de Menezes, President (2003–2011)
• Manuel Pinto da Costa, President (2011–2016)
• Evaristo Carvalho, President (2016–2021)
• Carlos Vila Nova, President (2021–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Guilherme Posser da Costa, Prime minister (1999–2001)
• Evaristo Carvalho, Prime minister (2001–2002)
• Gabriel Costa, Prime minister (2002)
• Maria das Neves, Prime minister (2002–2004)
• Damião Vaz d'Almeida, Prime minister (2004–2005)
• Maria do Carmo Silveira, Prime minister (2005–2006)
• Tomé Vera Cruz, Prime minister (2006–2008)
• Patrice Trovoada, Prime minister (2008)
• Joaquim Rafael Branco, Prime minister (2008–2010)
• Patrice Trovoada, Prime minister (2010–2012)
• Gabriel Costa, Prime minister (2012–2014)
• Patrice Trovoada, Prime minister (2014–2018)
• Jorge Bom Jesus, Prime minister (2018–2022)
• Patrice Trovoada, Prime minister (2022–present)

Africa: East edit

• Burundi

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Pierre Buyoya, President (1996–2003)
• Domitien Ndayizeye, President (2003–2005)
• Pierre Nkurunziza, President (2005–2020)
• Évariste Ndayishimiye, President (2020–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Alain-Guillaume Bunyoni, Prime minister (2020–2022)
• Gervais Ndirakobuca, Prime minister (2022–present)

• Comoros

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Azali Assoumani, President (1999–2001)
• Hamada Madi, Acting President (2001)
• Azali Assoumani, President (2001–2006)
• Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi, President (2006–2011)
• Ikililou Dhoinine, President (2011–2016)
• Azali Assoumani, President (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Bianrifi Tarmidi, Prime Minister (1999–2000)
• Hamada Madi, Prime minister (2000–2002)

post currently abolished

• Djibouti

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President (1999–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime minister (1978–2001)
• Dileita Mohamed Dileita, Prime minister (2001–2013)
• Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed, Prime minister (2013–present)

• Eritrea (complete list) –

• Isaias Afwerki, President (1993–present)

• Ethiopia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Negasso Gidada, President (1995–2001)
• Girma Wolde-Giorgis, President (2001–2013)
• Mulatu Teshome, President (2013–2018)
• Sahle-Work Zewde, President (2018–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Meles Zenawi, Prime minister (1995–2012)
• Hailemariam Desalegn, Prime minister (2012–2018)
• Abiy Ahmed, Prime minister (2018–present)

• Kenya

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Daniel arap Moi, President (1978–2002)
• Mwai Kibaki, President (2002–2013)
• Uhuru Kenyatta, President (2013–2022)
• William Ruto, President (2022–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Raila Odinga, Prime minister (2008–2013)
• Musalia Mudavadi, Prime Cabinet Secretary (2022–present)

• Third Republic of Madagascar

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Didier Ratsiraka, President (1997–2002)
• Marc Ravalomanana, President (2002–2009)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Tantely Andrianarivo, Prime minister (1998–2002)
• Jacques Sylla, Prime minister (2002–2007)
• Charles Rabemananjara, Prime minister (2007–2009)
• Monja Roindefo, Prime minister (2009)
• Eugène Mangalaza, Prime minister (2009)
• Cécile Manorohanta, Acting Prime minister (2009)
• Albert Camille Vital, Prime minister (2009–2011)

• High Transitional Authority, Madagascar (complete list) –

• Andry Rajoelina, President (2009–2014)

• Republic of Madagascar

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Hery Rajaonarimampianina, President (2014–2018)
• Rivo Rakotovao, Acting president (2018–2019)
• Andry Rajoelina, President (2019–2023)
• Christian Ntsay, Acting president (2023)
• Richard Ravalomanana, Acting president (2023)
• Andry Rajoelina, President (2023–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Omer Beriziky, Prime minister (2011–2014)
• Roger Kolo, Prime minister (2014–2015)
• Jean Ravelonarivo, Prime minister (2015–2016)
• Olivier Mahafaly Solonandrasana, Prime minister (2016–2018)
• Christian Ntsay, Prime minister (2018–present)

• Mauritius

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Cassam Uteem, President (1992–2002)
• Angidi Chettiar, Acting President (2002)
• Ariranga Pillay, Acting President (2002)
• Karl Offmann, President (2002–2003)
• Raouf Bundhun, Acting president (2003)
• Anerood Jugnauth, President (2003–2012)
• Monique Ohsan Bellepeau, Acting president (2012)
• Kailash Purryag, President (2012–2015)
• Monique Ohsan Bellepeau, Acting president (2015)
• Ameenah Gurib, President (2015–2018)
• Barlen Vyapoory, Acting president (2018–2019)
• Eddy Balancy, Acting president (2019)
• Prithvirajsing Roopun, President (2019–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Navin Ramgoolam, Prime minister (1995–2000)
• Anerood Jugnauth, Prime minister (2000–2003)
• Paul Bérenger, Prime minister (2003–2005)
• Navin Ramgoolam, Prime minister (2005–2014)
• Anerood Jugnauth, Prime minister (2014–2017)
• Pravind Jugnauth, Prime minister (2017–present)

• Rwanda

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Paul Kagame, President (2000–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Bernard Makuza, Prime minister (2000–2011)
• Pierre Habumuremyi, Prime minister (2011–2014)
• Anastase Murekezi, Prime minister (2014–2017)
• Édouard Ngirente, Prime minister (2017–present)

• Seychelles (complete list) –

• France-Albert René, President (1977–2004)
• James Michel, President (2004–2016)
• Danny Faure, President (2016–2020)
• Wavel Ramkalawan, President (2020–present)

• Transitional National Government of the Republic of Somalia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Abdiqasim Salad Hassan, President (2000–2004)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ali Khalif Galaydh, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Osman Jama Ali, Acting Prime minister (2001)
• Hassan Abshir Farah, Prime minister (2001–2003)
• Muhammad Abdi Yusuf, Prime minister (2003–2004)

• Transitional Federal Government of the Republic of Somalia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, President (2004–2008)
• Adan Mohamed Nuur Madobe, Acting President (2008–2009)
• Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, President (2009–2012)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ali Mohammed Ghedi, Prime minister (2004–2007)
• Salim Aliyow Ibrow, Acting Prime minister (2007)
• Nur Hassan Hussein, Prime minister (2007–2009)
• Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke, Prime minister (2009–2010)
• Abdiwahid Elmi Gonjeh, Acting Prime minister (2010)
• Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed, Prime minister (2010–2011)
• Abdiweli Mohamed Ali, Prime minister (2011–2012)

• Federal Republic of Somalia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Muse Hassan Sheikh Sayid Abdulle, Acting President (2012)
• Mohamed Osman Jawari, Acting President (2012)
• Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President (2012–2017)
• Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed, President (2017–2022)
• Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President (2022−present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Abdiweli Mohamed Ali, Acting Prime minister (2012)
• Abdi Farah Shirdon, Prime minister (2012–2013)
• Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed, Prime minister (2013–2014)
• Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke, Prime minister (2014–2017)
• Hassan Ali Khaire, Prime minister (2017–2020)
• Mahdi Mohammed Gulaid, Acting Prime minister (2020)
• Mohamed Hussein Roble, Prime minister (2020–2022)
• Hamza Abdi Barre, Prime minister (2022−present)

• Republic of Somaliland (complete list) –

• Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, President (1993–2002)
• Dahir Riyale Kahin, President (2002–2010)
• Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud, President (2010–2017)
• Muse Bihi Abdi, President (2017–present)

• South Sudan

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Salva Kiir Mayardit, President (2011–present)

• Tanzania

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Benjamin Mkapa, President (1995–2005)
• Jakaya Kikwete, President (2005–2015)
• John Magufuli, President (2015–2021)
• Samia Suluhu Hassan, President (2021–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Frederick Sumaye, Prime minister (1995–2005)
• Edward Lowassa, Prime minister (2005–2008)
• Mizengo Pinda, Prime minister (2008–2015)
• Kassim Majaliwa, Prime minister (2015–present)

• Uganda

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Yoweri Museveni, President (1986–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Apolo Nsibambi, Prime minister (1999–2011)
• Amama Mbabazi, Prime minister (2011–2014)
• Ruhakana Rugunda, Prime minister (2014–2021)
• Robinah Nabbanja, Prime minister (2021–present)

Africa: Northcentral edit

• Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Muammar Gaddafi,

• Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (1969–1977)
• Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution (1977–2011)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush, Prime minister (1997–2000)
• Imbarek Shamekh, Prime minister (2000–2003)
• Shukri Ghanem, Prime minister (2003–2006)
• Baghdadi Mahmudi, Prime minister (2006–2011)

• National Transitional Council of Libya

• Head of state (complete list) –

• Mustafa Abdul Jalil, Chairman of the National Transitional Council (2011–2012)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mahmoud Jibril, Acting Prime minister (2011)
• Ali Tarhouni, Acting Prime minister (2011)
• Abdurrahim El-Keib, Acting Prime minister (2011–2012)

• State of Libya

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Mohammed Ali Salim, Acting President (2012)
• Mohammed Magariaf, President (2012–2013)
• Giuma Ahmed Atigha, Acting President (2013)
• Nouri Abusahmain

• President of the General National Congress of Libya (2013–2014)
• Contesting Chairman of the 2014 General National Congress of Libya (2014–2016)

• Abu Bakr Baira, Acting President of the House of Representatives (2014)
• Aguila Saleh Issa, contesting President of the House of Representatives (2014–present)
• Presidential Council (2016–present)

• Fayez al-Sarraj, Chairman (2016–2021)
• Mohamed al-Menfi, Chairman (2021–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Abdurrahim El-Keib, Acting Prime minister (2012)
• Ali Zeidan, Prime minister (2012–2014)
• Abdullah al-Thani, Prime minister in rebellion (2014–present)
• Fayez al-Sarraj, Prime minister (2016–2021)
• Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh, Prime minister (2021–present)

• Tunisia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President (1987–2011)
• Fouad Mebazaa, Acting President (2011)
• Moncef Marzouki, President (2011–2014)
• Beji Caid Essebsi, President (2014–2019)
• Mohamed Ennaceur, Acting president (2019)
• Kais Saied, President (2019–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mohamed Ghannouchi, Prime minister (1999–2011)
• Beji Caid Essebsi, Prime minister (2011)
• Hamadi Jebali, Head of government (2011–2013)
• Ali Laarayedh, Head of government (2013–2014)
• Mehdi Jomaa, Head of government (2014–2015)
• Habib Essid, Head of government (2015–2016)
• Youssef Chahed, Head of government (2016–2020)
• Elyes Fakhfakh, Head of government (2020)
• Hichem Mechichi, Head of government (2020–2021)
• Najla Bouden, Head of government (2021–2023)
• Ahmed Hachani, Head of government (2023–present)

Africa: Northeast edit

• Egypt

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Hosni Mubarak, President (1981–2011)
• Mohamed Hussein Tantawi, Interim Head of state (2011–2012)
• Mohamed Morsi, President (2012–2013)
• Adly Mansour, Interim President (2013–2014)
• Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, President (2014–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Atef Ebeid, Prime minister (1999–2004)
• Ahmed Nazif, Prime minister (2004–2011)
• Ahmed Shafik, Prime minister (2011)
• Essam Sharaf, Prime minister (2011)
• Kamal Ganzouri, Prime minister (2011–2012)
• Hesham Qandil, Prime minister (2012–2013)
• Hazem Al Beblawi, Acting Prime minister (2013–2014)
• Ibrahim Mahlab, Prime minister (2014–2015)
• Sherif Ismail, Prime minister (2015–2018)
• Moustafa Madbouly, Prime minister (2018–present)

• Sudan

• Presidents (complete list)

• Omar al-Bashir, President (1989–2019)
• Ahmed Awad Ibn Auf, Chairman of the Transitional Military Council (2019)
• Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, Chairman of the Transitional Military Council (2019)
• Sovereignty Council of Sudan (2019–2021)
• Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, Chairman of the Transitional Sovereignty Council (2021–present)

• Prime Minister (complete list)

• Bakri Hassan Saleh, Prime Minister (2017–2018)
• Motazz Moussa, Prime Minister (2018–2019)
• Mohamed Tahir Ayala, Prime Minister (2019)
• Abdalla Hamdok, Prime Minister (2019–2021)
• Abdalla Hamdok, Prime Minister (2021–2022)
• Osman Hussein, Prime Minister (2022–present)

Africa: Northwest edit

• Algeria

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President (1999–2019)
• Abdelkader Bensalah, Acting President (2019)
• Abdelmadjid Tebboune, President (2019–present)

• Prime Ministers (complete list) –

• Ali Benflis, Prime Minister (2000–2003)
• Ahmed Ouyahia, Prime Minister (2003–2006)
• Abdelaziz Belkhadem, Prime Minister (2006–2008)
• Ahmed Ouyahia, Prime Minister (2008–2012)
• Abdelmalek Sellal, Prime Minister (2012–2014)
• Youcef Yousfi, Acting Prime Minister (2014)
• Abdelmalek Sellal, Prime Minister (2014–2017)
• Abdelmadjid Tebboune, Prime Minister (2017)
• Ahmed Ouyahia, Prime Minister (2017–2019)
• Noureddine Bedoui, Prime Minister (2019)
• Sabri Boukadoum, Acting Prime Minister (2019)
• Abdelaziz Djerad, Prime Minister (2019–2021)
• Aymen Benabderrahmane, Prime Minister (2021–2023)
• Nadir Larbaoui, Prime Minister (2023–present)

• Morocco

• Alaouite dynasty (complete list) –

• Mohammed VI, King (1999–present)

• Prime Ministers (complete list) –

• Abderrahmane Youssoufi, Prime Minister (1998–2002)
• Driss Jettou, Prime Minister (2002–2007)
• Abbas El Fassi, Prime Minister (2007–2011)
• Abdelilah Benkirane, Prime Minister (2011–2017)
• Saadeddine Othmani, Prime Minister (2017–2021)
• Aziz Akhannouch, Prime Minister (2021–present)

• Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Mohamed Abdelaziz, President (1976–2016)
• Khatri Addouh, Acting President (2016)
• Brahim Ghali, President (2016–present)

• Prime Ministers (complete list) –

• Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun, Prime Minister (1999–2003)
• Abdelkader Taleb Omar, Prime Minister (2003–2018)
• Mohamed Wali Akeik, Prime Minister (2018–2020)
• Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun, Prime Minister (2020–present)

Africa: South edit

• Botswana (complete list) –

• Festus Mogae, President (1998–2008)
• Ian Khama, President (2008–2018)
• Mokgweetsi Masisi, President (2018–present)

• Lesotho

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Letsie III, King (1990–1995, 1996–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime minister (1998–2012)
• Tom Thabane, Prime minister (2012–2015)
• Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime minister (2015–2017)
• Tom Thabane, Prime minister (2017–2020)
• Moeketsi Majoro, Prime minister (2020–2022)
• Sam Matekane, Prime minister (2022–present)

• Malawi (complete list) –

• Bakili Muluzi, President (1994–2004)
• Bingu wa Mutharika, President (2004–2012)
• Joyce Banda, President (2012–2014)
• Peter Mutharika, President (2014–2020)
• Lazarus Chakwera, President (2020–present)

• Mozambique

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Joaquim Chissano, President (1990–2005)
• Armando Guebuza, President (2005–2015)
• Filipe Nyusi, President (2015–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Pascoal Mocumbi, Prime minister (1994–2004)
• Luísa Diogo, Prime minister (2004–2010)
• Aires Ali, Prime minister (2010–2012)
• Alberto Vaquina, Prime minister (2012–2015)
• Carlos Agostinho do Rosário, Prime minister (2015–2022)
• Adriano Maleiane, Prime minister (2022–present)

• Namibia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Sam Nujoma, President (1990–2005)
• Hifikepunye Pohamba, President (2005–2015)
• Hage Geingob, President (2015–2024)
• Nangolo Mbumba, President (2024–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Hage Geingob, Prime minister (1990–2002)
• Theo-Ben Gurirab, Prime minister (2002–2005)
• Nahas Angula, Prime minister (2005–2012)
• Hage Geingob, Prime minister (2012–2015)
• Saara Kuugongelwa, Prime minister (2015–present)

• South Africa (complete list) –

• Thabo Mbeki, President (1999–2008)
• Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri, Acting President (2008)
• Kgalema Motlanthe, President (2008–2009)
• Jacob Zuma, President (2009–2018)
• Cyril Ramaphosa, President (2018–present)

• Eswatini/ Swaziland

• Kings (complete list) –

• Mswati III, King (1986–present)

• tiNdlovukati (complete list) –

• Ntfombi, Queen Regent (1983–1986), Ndlovukati (1983–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime minister (1996–2003)
• Paul Shabangu, Acting prime minister (2003)
• Themba Dlamini, Prime minister (2003–2008)
• Bheki Dlamini, Acting prime minister (2008)
• Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime minister (2008–2018)
• Vincent Mhlanga, Acting prime minister (2018)
• Ambrose Mandvulo Dlamini, Prime minister (2018–2020)
• Themba N. Masuku, Acting prime minister (2020–2021)
• Cleopas Dlamini, Prime minister (2021–2023)
• Mgwagwa Gamedze, Acting prime minister (2023)
• Russell Dlamini, Prime minister (2023–present)

• Zambia (complete list) –

• Frederick Chiluba, President (1991–2002)
• Levy Mwanawasa, President (2002–2008)
• Rupiah Banda, President (2008–2011)
• Michael Sata, President (2011–2014)
• Guy Scott, Interim President (2014–2015)
• Edgar Lungu, President (2015–2021)
• Hakainde Hichilema, President (2021–present)

• Zimbabwe

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Robert Mugabe, President (1987–2017)
• Emmerson Mnangagwa, President (2017–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Morgan Tsvangirai, Prime minister (2009–2013)

post currently abolished

Africa: West edit

• Benin

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Mathieu Kérékou, President (1996–2006)
• Thomas Boni Yayi, President (2006–2016)
• Patrice Talon, President (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Pascal Koupaki, Prime minister (2011–2013)
• Lionel Zinsou, Prime minister (2015–2016)

post currently abolished

• Burkina Faso

• Heads of State (complete list) –

• Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba, President of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration (2022)
• Ibrahim Traoré, President of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration (2022–present)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Blaise Compaoré, President (1987–2014)
• Yacouba Isaac Zida, Transitional President (2014)
• Michel Kafando, Transitional President (2014–2015)
• Gilbert Diendéré, Chairman of the National Council for Democracy (2015)
• Chérif Sy, Acting President (2015)
• Michel Kafando, Transitional President (2015)
• Roch Marc Christian Kaboré, President (2015–2022)
• Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba, Interim President (2022)
• Ibrahim Traoré, Interim President (2022–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo, Prime minister (1996–2000)
• Paramanga Ernest Yonli, Prime minister (2000–2007)
• Tertius Zongo, Prime minister (2007–2011)
• Luc-Adolphe Tiao, Prime minister (2011–2014)
• Yacouba Isaac Zida, Prime minister (2014–2015)
• Paul Kaba Thieba, Prime minister (2016–2019)
• Christophe Joseph Marie Dabiré, Prime minister (2019–2021)
• Lassina Zerbo, Prime minister (2021–2022)
• Albert Ouédraogo, Prime minister (2022)
• Apollinaire Joachim Kyélem de Tambèla, Prime minister (2022–present)

• Cape Verde

• Presidents (complete list) –

• António Mascarenhas Monteiro, President (1991–2001)
• Pedro Pires, President (2001–2011)
• Jorge Carlos Fonseca, President (2011–2021)
• José Maria Neves, President (2021–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Gualberto do Rosário, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• José Maria Neves, Prime minister (2001–2016)
• Ulisses Correia e Silva, Prime minister (2016–present)

• The Gambia (complete list) –

• Yahya Jammeh, Chairman of the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council (1994–1996), President (1996–2017)
• Adama Barrow, President (2017–present)

• Ghana (complete list) –

• Jerry Rawlings, Military head of state (1981–1993), President (1993–2001)
• John Kufuor, President (2001–2009)
• John Atta Mills, President (2009–2012)
• John Dramani Mahama, President (2012–2017)
• Nana Akufo-Addo, President (2017–present)

• Guinea

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Lansana Conté, President (1984–2008)
• Moussa Dadis Camara, President (2008–2009)
• Sékouba Konaté, Acting President (2009–2010)
• Alpha Condé, President (2010–2021)
• Mamady Doumbouya, Interim President (2021–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Lamine Sidimé, Prime minister (1999–2004)
• François Lonseny Fall, Prime minister (2004)
• Cellou Dalein Diallo, Prime minister (2004–2006)
• Eugène Camara, Prime minister (2007)
• Lansana Kouyaté, Prime minister (2007–2008)
• Ahmed Tidiane Souaré, Prime minister (2008)
• Kabiné Komara, Prime minister (2008–2010)
• Jean-Marie Doré, Prime minister (2010)
• Mohamed Said Fofana, Prime minister (2010–2015)
• Mamady Youla, Prime minister (2015–2018)
• Ibrahima Kassory Fofana, Prime minister (2018–2021)
• Mohamed Béavogui, Interim Prime minister (2021–2022)
• Bernard Goumou, Interim Prime minister (2022–2024)
• Bah Oury, Interim Prime minister (2024–present)

• Guinea-Bissau

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Kumba Ialá, President (2000–2003)
• Veríssimo Correia Seabra, Chairman of the Military Committee (2003)
• Henrique Rosa, Acting President (2003–2005)
• João Bernardo Vieira, President (2005–2009)
• Raimundo Pereira, Acting President (2009)
• Malam Bacai Sanhá, President (2009–2012)
• Raimundo Pereira, Acting President (2012)
• Mamadu Ture Kuruma, Chairman of the Military Command (2012)
• Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo, Acting President (2012–2014)
• José Mário Vaz, President (2014–2020)
• Umaro Sissoco Embaló, President (2020–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Caetano N'Tchama, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Faustino Imbali, Prime minister (2001)
• Alamara Nhassé, Prime minister (2001–2002)
• Mário Pires, Prime minister (2002–2003)
• Artur Sanhá, Prime minister (2003–2004)
• Carlos Gomes Júnior, Prime minister (2004–2005)
• Aristides Gomes, Prime minister (2005–2007)
• Martinho Ndafa Kabi, Prime minister (2007–2008)
• Carlos Correia, Prime minister (2008–2009)
• Carlos Gomes Júnior, Prime minister (2009–2012)
• Adiato Djaló Nandigna, Acting Prime minister (2012)
• Rui Duarte de Barros, Acting Prime minister (2012–2014)
• Domingos Simões Pereira, Prime minister (2014–2015)
• Baciro Djá, Prime minister (2015)
• Carlos Correia, Prime minister (2015–2016)
• Baciro Djá, Prime minister (2016)
• Umaro Sissoco Embaló, Prime minister (2016–2018)
• Artur Silva, Prime minister (2018)
• Aristides Gomes, Prime minister (2018–2020)
• Nuno Gomes Nabiam, Prime minister (2020–2023)
• Geraldo Martins, Prime minister (2023)
• Rui Duarte de Barros, Prime minister (2023–present)

• Ivory Coast

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Laurent Gbagbo, President (2000–2011)
• Alassane Ouattara, President (2010–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Pascal Affi N'Guessan, Prime minister (2000–2003)
• Seydou Diarra, Prime minister (2003–2005)
• Charles Konan Banny, Prime minister (2005–2007)
• Guillaume Soro, Prime minister (2007–2012)
• Gilbert Aké, disputed prime minister (2010–2011)
• Jeannot Ahoussou-Kouadio, Prime minister (2012)
• Daniel Kablan Duncan, Prime minister (2012–2017)
• Amadou Gon Coulibaly, Prime minister (2017–2020)
• Hamed Bakayoko, Prime minister (2020–2021)
• Patrick Achi, Prime minister (2021–2023)
• Robert Beugré Mambé, Prime minister (2023–present)

• Liberia (complete list) –

• Charles Taylor, President (1997–2003)
• Moses Blah, President (2003)
• Gyude Bryant, Chairman of the National Transitional Government (2003–2006)
• Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, President (2006–2018)
• George Weah, President (2018–2024)
• Joseph Boakai, President (2024–present)

• Mali

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Alpha Oumar Konaré, President (1992–2002)
• Amadou Toumani Touré, President (2002–2012)
• Amadou Sanogo, Chairperson of the National Committee (2012)
• Dioncounda Traoré, Acting President (2012–2013)
• Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, President (2013–2020)
• Assimi Goïta, Head of State (2020)
• Bah Ndaw, Acting President (2020–2021)
• Assimi Goïta, Acting President (2021–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mandé Sidibé, Prime minister (2000–2002)
• Modibo Keita, Prime minister (2002)
• Ahmed Mohamed ag Hamani, Prime minister (2002–2004)
• Ousmane Issoufi Maïga, Prime minister (2004–2007)
• Modibo Sidibé, Prime minister (2007–2011)
• Cissé Mariam Kaïdama Sidibé, Prime minister (2011–2012)
• Cheick Modibo Diarra, Acting Prime minister (2012)
• Django Sissoko, Acting Prime minister (2012–2013)
• Oumar Tatam Ly, Prime minister (2013–2014)
• Moussa Mara, Prime minister (2014–2015)
• Modibo Keita, Prime minister (2015–2017)
• Abdoulaye Idrissa Maïga, Prime minister (2017)
• Soumeylou Boubèye Maïga, Prime minister (2017–2019)
• Boubou Cisse, Prime Minister (2019–2020)
• Moctar Ouane, Acting Prime Minister (2020–2021)
• Choguel Kokalla Maïga, Acting Prime Minister (2021–2022)
• Abdoulaye Maïga, Acting Prime minister (2022–present)

• Mauritania

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President (1984–2005)
• Ely Ould Mohamed Vall, Chairman of the Military Council (2005–2007)
• Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi, President (2007–2008)
• Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, Acting President (2008–2009)
• Ba Mamadou Mbaré, Acting President (2009)
• Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, President (2009–2019)
• Mohamed Ould Ghazouani, President (2019–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna, Prime minister (1998–2003)
• Sghair Ould M'Bareck, Prime minister (2003–2005)
• Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar, Prime minister (2005–2007)
• Zeine Ould Zeidane, Prime minister (2007–2008)
• Yahya Ould Ahmed El Waghef, Prime minister (2008)
• Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf, Prime minister (2008–2014)
• Yahya Ould Hademine, Prime minister (2014–2018)
• Mohamed Salem Ould Béchir, Prime minister (2018–2019)
• Ismail Ould Bedde Ould Cheikh Sidiya, Prime minister (2019–2020)
• Mohamed Ould Bilal, Prime minister (2020–present)

• Niger

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Mamadou Tandja, President (1999–2010)
• Salou Djibo, Chairman of the Supreme Council for the Restoration of Democracy (2010–2011)
• Mahamadou Issoufou, President (2011–2021)
• Mohamed Bazoum, President (2021–2023)
• Abdourahamane Tchiani, President of the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland (2023–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Hama Amadou, Prime minister (2000–2007)
• Seyni Oumarou, Prime minister (2007–2009)
• Albadé Abouba, Acting Prime minister (2009)
• Ali Badjo Gamatié, Prime minister (2009–2010)
• Mahamadou Danda, Prime minister (2010–2011)
• Brigi Rafini, Prime minister (2011–2021)
• Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou, Prime minister (2021–2023)
• Ali Lamine Zeine, Prime minister (2023–present)

• Nigeria: Fourth Nigerian Republic (complete list) –

• Olusegun Obasanjo, President (1999–2007)
• Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, President (2007–2010)
• Goodluck Jonathan, President (2010–2015)
• Muhammadu Buhari, President (2015–2023)
• Bola Tinubu, President (2023–present)

• Senegal

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Abdoulaye Wade, President (2000–2012)
• Macky Sall, President (2012–2024)
• Bassirou Diomaye Faye, President (2024–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Moustapha Niasse, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Mame Madior Boye, Prime minister (2001–2002)
• Idrissa Seck, Prime minister (2002–2004)
• Macky Sall, Prime minister (2004–2007)
• Cheikh Hadjibou Soumaré, Prime minister (2007–2009)
• Souleymane Ndéné Ndiaye, Prime minister (2009–2012)
• Abdoul Mbaye, Prime minister (2012–2013)
• Aminata Touré, Prime minister (2013–2014)
• Mahammed Dionne, Prime minister (2014–2019)
• Amadou Ba, Prime minister (2022–2024)
• Sidiki Kaba, Prime minister (2024)
• Ousmane Sonko, Prime minister (2024–present)

• Sierra Leone

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, President (1998–2007)
• Ernest Bai Koroma, President (2007–2018)
• Julius Maada Bio, President (2018–present)

• Chief ministers (complete list) –

• David J. Francis, Chief minister (2018–2021)
• Jacob Jusu Saffa, Chief minister (2021–2023)
• David Moinina Sengeh, Chief minister (2023–present)

• Togo

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President (1967–2005)
• Faure Gnassingbé, President (2005)
• Bonfoh Abass, Interim President (2005)
• Faure Gnassingbé, President (2005–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Agbéyomé Kodjo, Prime minister (2000–2002)
• Koffi Sama, Prime minister (2002–2005)
• Edem Kodjo, Prime minister (2005–2006)
• Yawovi Agboyibo, Prime minister (2006–2007)
• Komlan Mally, Prime minister (2007–2008)
• Gilbert Houngbo, Prime minister (2008–2012)
• Kwesi Ahoomey-Zunu, Prime minister (2012–2015)
• Komi Sélom Klassou, Prime minister (2015–2020)
• Victoire Tomegah Dogbé, Prime minister (2020–present)

Americas: Caribbean edit

• Antigua and Barbuda

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1981–2022)
• Charles III, King (2022–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Lester Bird, Prime minister (1994–2004)
• Baldwin Spencer, Prime minister (2004–2014)
• Gaston Browne, Prime minister (2014–present)

• Aruba (complete list) –

Constituent country 2010–present

For details see the Netherlands under western Europe

• The Bahamas

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1973–2022)
• Charles III, King (2022–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Hubert Ingraham, Prime minister (1992–2002)
• Perry Christie, Prime minister (2002–2007)
• Hubert Ingraham, Prime minister (2007–2012)
• Perry Christie, Prime minister (2012–2017)
• Hubert Minnis, Prime minister (2017–2021)
• Philip Davis, Prime minister (2021–present)

• Barbados

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1966–2021)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Sandra Mason, President (2021–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Owen Arthur, Prime minister (1994–2008)
• David Thompson, Prime minister (2008–2010)
• Freundel Stuart, Prime minister (2010–2018)
• Mia Mottley, Prime minister (2018–present)

• Cuba

• First Secretaries of the Communist Party of Cuba

• Fidel Castro, First secretary (1965–2011)
• Raúl Castro, First secretary (2011–2021)
• Miguel Díaz-Canel, First secretary (2021–present)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Fidel Castro, President of the State Council (1976–2008)
• Raúl Castro, President of the State Council (2008–2018)
• Miguel Díaz-Canel, President (2018–present)

• Heads of government (complete list) –

• Fidel Castro, Prime minister (1959–1976), President of the Council of Ministers (1976–2008)
• Raúl Castro, President of the Council of Ministers (2008–2018)
• Miguel Díaz-Canel, acting Prime minister (2018–2019)
• Manuel Marrero Cruz, Prime minister (2019–present)

• Curaçao (complete list) –

Constituent country 2010–present

For details see the Netherlands under western Europe

• Dominica

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Vernon Shaw, President (1998–2003)
• Nicholas Liverpool, President (2003–2012)
• Eliud Williams, President (2012–2013)
• Charles Savarin, President (2013–2023)
• Sylvanie Burton, President (2023–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Pierre Charles, Prime minister (2000–2004)
• Osborne Riviere, Acting President (2004)
• Roosevelt Skerrit, Prime minister (2004–present)

• Dominican Republic (complete list) –

• Hipólito Mejía, President (2000–2004)
• Leonel Fernández, President (2004–2012)
• Danilo Medina, President (2012–2020)
• Luis Abinader, President (2020–present)

• Grenada

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1974–2022)
• Charles III, King (2022–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Keith Mitchell, Prime minister (1995–2008)
• Tillman Thomas, Prime minister (2008–2013)
• Keith Mitchell, Prime minister (2013–2022)
• Dickon Mitchell, Prime minister (2022–present)

• Haiti

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• René Préval, President (1996–2001)
• Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President (2001–2004)
• Boniface Alexandre, Provisional President (2004–2006)
• René Préval, President (2006–2011)
• Michel Martelly, President (2011–2016)
• Council of Ministers (2016)
• Jocelerme Privert, Provisional President (2016–2017)
• Jovenel Moïse, President (2017–2021)
• Vacant (2021–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Jacques-Édouard Alexis, Prime minister (1999–2001)
• Jean Marie Chérestal, Prime minister (2001–2002)
• Yvon Neptune, Prime minister (2002–2004)
• Gérard Latortue, Prime minister (2004–2006)
• Jacques-Édouard Alexis, Prime minister (2006–2008)
• Michèle Pierre-Louis, Prime minister (2008–2009)
• Jean-Max Bellerive, Prime minister (2009–2011)
• Garry Conille, Prime minister (2011–2012)
• Laurent Lamothe, Prime minister (2012–2014)
• Florence Duperval Guillaume, Acting Prime minister (2014–2015)
• Evans Paul, Prime minister (2015–2016)
• Fritz Jean, Prime minister (2016)
• Enex Jean-Charles, Prime minister (2016–2017)
• Jack Guy Lafontant, Prime minister (2017–2018)
• Jean-Henry Céant, Prime minister (2018–2019)
• Jean-Michel Lapin, Acting Prime minister (2019–2020)
• Joseph Jouthe, Prime minister (2020–2021)
• Claude Joseph, Acting Prime minister (2021)
• Ariel Henry, Acting Prime minister (2021–present)

• Jamaica

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1962–2022)
• Charles III, King (2022–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• P. J. Patterson, Prime minister (1992–2006)
• Portia Simpson-Miller, Prime minister (2006–2007)
• Bruce Golding, Prime minister (2007–2011)
• Andrew Holness, Prime minister (2011–2012)
• Portia Simpson-Miller, Prime minister (2012–2016)
• Andrew Holness, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Netherlands Antilles (complete list) –

Constituent country 1954–2010

For details see the Netherlands under western Europe

• Saint Kitts and Nevis

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1983–2022)
• Charles III, King (2022–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Denzil Douglas, Prime minister (1995–2015)
• Timothy Harris, Prime minister (2015–2022)
• Terrance Drew, Prime minister (2022–present)

• Saint Lucia

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1979–2022)
• Charles III, King (2022–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Kenny Anthony, Prime minister (1997–2006)
• John Compton, Prime minister (2006–2007)
• Stephenson King, Prime minister (2007–2011)
• Kenny Anthony, Prime minister (2011–2016)
• Allen Chastanet, Prime minister (2016–2021)
• Philip Pierre, Prime minister (2021–present)

• Sint Maarten (complete list) –

Constituent country 2010–present

For details see the Netherlands under western Europe

• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1979–2022)
• Charles III, King (2022–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Arnhim Eustace, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Ralph Gonsalves, Prime minister (2001–present)

• Trinidad and Tobago

• Presidents (complete list) –

• A. N. R. Robinson, President (1997–2003)
• George Maxwell Richards, President (2003–2013)
• Anthony Carmona, President (2013–2018)
• Paula-Mae Weekes, President (2018–2023)
• Christine Kangaloo, President (2023–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Basdeo Panday, Prime minister (1995–2001)
• Patrick Manning, Prime minister (2001–2010)
• Kamla Persad-Bissessar, Prime minister (2010–2015)
• Keith Rowley, Prime minister (2015–present)

Americas: Central edit

• Belize

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1981–2022)
• Charles III, King (2022–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Said Musa, Prime minister (1998–2008)
• Dean Barrow, Prime minister (2008–2020)
• Johnny Briceño, Prime minister (2020–present)

• Costa Rica (complete list) –

• Miguel Rodríguez Echeverría, President (1998–2002)
• Abel Pacheco de la Espriella, President (2002–2006)
• Óscar Arias, President (2006–2010)
• Laura Chinchilla, President (2010–2014)
• Luis Guillermo Solís, President (2014–2018)
• Carlos Alvarado Quesada, President (2018–2022)
• Rodrigo Chaves Robles, President (2022–present)

• El Salvador (complete list) –

• Francisco Flores Pérez, President (1999–2004)
• Antonio Saca, President (2004–2009)
• Mauricio Funes, President (2009–2014)
• Salvador Sánchez Cerén, President (2014–2019)
• Nayib Bukele, President (2019–present)

• Claudia Rodríguez de Guevara, Acing president (2023–present)

• Guatemala (complete list) –

• Alfonso Portillo, President (2000–2004)
• Óscar Berger, President (2004–2008)
• Álvaro Colom, President (2008–2012)
• Otto Pérez Molina, President (2012–2015)
• Alejandro Maldonado, Acting President (2015–2016)
• Jimmy Morales, President (2016–2020)
• Alejandro Giammattei, President (2020–2024)
• Bernardo Arévalo, President (2024–present)

• Honduras (complete list) –

• Carlos Roberto Flores, President (1998–2002)
• Ricardo Maduro, President (2002–2006)
• Manuel Zelaya, President (2006–2009)
• Roberto Micheletti, Acting President (2009–2010)
• Porfirio Lobo Sosa, President (2010–2014)
• Juan Orlando Hernández, President (2014–2022)
• Xiomara Castro, President (2022–present)

• Nicaragua (complete list) –

• Arnoldo Alemán, President (1997–2002)
• Enrique Bolaños, President (2002–2007)
• Daniel Ortega, President (2007–present)

• Panama (complete list) –

• Mireya Moscoso, President (1999–2004)
• Martín Torrijos, President (2004–2009)
• Ricardo Martinelli, President (2009–2014)
• Juan Carlos Varela, President (2014–2019)
• Laurentino Cortizo, President (2019–present)

Americas: North edit

• Canada

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1952–2022)
• Charles III, King (2022–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Jean Chrétien, Prime minister (1993–2003)
• Paul Martin, Prime minister (2003–2006)
• Stephen Harper, Prime minister (2006–2015)
• Justin Trudeau, Prime minister (2015–present)

• Mexico (complete list) –

• Vicente Fox, President (2000–2006)
• Felipe Calderón, President (2006–2012)
• Enrique Peña Nieto, President (2012–2018)
• Andrés Manuel López Obrador, President (2018–present)

• United States (complete list) –

• Bill Clinton, President (1993–2001)
• George W. Bush, President (2001–2009)
• Barack Obama, President (2009–2017)
• Donald Trump, President (2017–2021)
• Joe Biden, President (2021–present)

Americas: South edit

• Argentina (complete list) –

• Fernando de la Rúa, President (1999–2001)
• Adolfo Rodríguez Saá, President (2001)
• Eduardo Duhalde, President (2002–2003)
• Néstor Kirchner, President (2003–2007)
• Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, President (2007–2015)
• Mauricio Macri, President (2015–2019)
• Alberto Fernandez, President (2019–2023)
• Javier Milei, President (2023–present)

• Bolivia (complete list) –

• Hugo Banzer, President (1997–2001)
• Jorge Quiroga, President (2001–2002)
• Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, President (2002–2003)
• Carlos Mesa, President (2003–2005)
• Eduardo Rodríguez, President (2005–2006)
• Evo Morales, President (2006–2019)
• Jeanine Áñez, President (2019–2020)
• Luis Arce, President (2020–present)

• Brazil (complete list) –

• Fernando Henrique Cardoso, President (1995–2002)
• Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President (2003–2010)
• Dilma Rousseff, President (2011–2016)
• Michel Temer, President (2016–2018)
• Jair Bolsonaro, President (2019–2022)
• Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President (2023–present)

• Chile (complete list) –

• Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, President (1994–2000)
• Ricardo Lagos, President (2000–2006)
• Michelle Bachelet, President (2006–2010)
• Sebastián Piñera, President (2010–2014)
• Michelle Bachelet, President (2014–2018)
• Sebastián Piñera, President (2018–2022)
• Gabriel Boric, President (2022–present)

• Colombia (complete list) –

• Andrés Pastrana Arango, President (1998–2002)
• Álvaro Uribe Vélez, President (2002–2010)
• Juan Manuel Santos Calderón, President (2010–2018)
• Iván Duque Márquez, President (2018–2022)
• Gustavo Petro, President (2022–present)

• Ecuador (complete list) –

• Gustavo Noboa, President (2000–2003)
• Lucio Gutiérrez, President (2003–2005)
• Alfredo Palacio, President (2005–2007)
• Rafael Correa, President (2007–2017)
• Lenín Moreno, President (2017–2021)
• Guillermo Lasso, President (2021–2023)
• Daniel Noboa, President (2023–present)

• Guyana

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Bharrat Jagdeo, President (1999–2011)
• Donald Ramotar, President (2011–2015)
• David A. Granger, President (2015–2020)
• Irfaan Ali, President (2020–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Sam Hinds, Prime minister (1999–2015)
• Moses Nagamootoo, Prime minister (2015–2020)
• Mark Phillips, Prime minister (2020–present)

• Paraguay (complete list) –

• Luis González, President (1999–2003)
• Nicanor Duarte, President (2003–2008)
• Fernando Lugo, President (2008–2012)
• Federico Franco, President (2012–2013)
• Horacio Cartes, President (2013–2018)
• Mario Abdo Benítez, President (2018–2023)
• Santiago Peña, President (2023–present)

• Peru

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Valentín Paniagua, President of Transition Government (2000–2001)
• Alejandro Toledo, Constitutional President (2001–2006)
• Alan García Pérez, Constitutional President (2006–2011)
• Ollanta Humala, Constitutional President (2011–2016)
• Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, Constitutional President (2016–2018)
• Martín Vizcarra, Constitutional President (2018–2020)
• Manuel Merino, Constitutional President (2020)
• Francisco Sagasti, Constitutional President (2020–2021)
• Pedro Castillo, Constitutional President (2021–2022)
• Dina Boluarte, Constitutional President (2022–present)

• Prime minister (complete list) –

• Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, Prime Minister (2000–2001)
• Roberto Dañino, Prime Minister (2001–2002)
• Luis Solari De La Fuente, Prime Minister (2002–2003)
• Beatriz Merino, Prime Minister (2003)
• Carlos Ferrero, Prime Minister (2003–2005)
• Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, Prime Minister (2005–2006)
• Jorge Del Castillo, Prime Minister (2006–2008)
• Yehude Simon, Prime Minister (2008–2009)
• Javier Velásquez, Prime Minister (2009–2010)
• José Antonio Chang, Prime Minister (2010–2011)
• Rosario Fernández, Prime Minister (2011)
• Salomón Lerner Ghitis, Prime Minister (2011)
• Oscar Valdés, Prime Minister (2011–2012)
• Juan Jiménez Mayor, Prime Minister (2012–2013)
• César Villanueva, Prime Minister (2013–2014)
• René Cornejo, Prime Minister (2014)
• Ana Jara, Prime Minister (2014–2015)
• Pedro Cateriano, Prime Minister (2015–2016)
• Fernando Zavala, Prime Minister (2016–2017)
• Mercedes Aráoz, Prime Minister (2017–2018)
• César Villanueva, Prime minister (2018–2019)
• Salvador del Solar, Prime minister (2019)
• Vicente Zeballos, Prime minister (2019–2020)
• Walter Martos, Prime minister (2020)
• Ántero Flores Aráoz, Prime minister (2020)
• Violeta Bermúdez, Prime minister (2020–2021)
• Guido Bellido, Prime minister (2021)
• Mirtha Vásquez, Prime minister (2021–2022)
• Héctor Valer, Prime minister (2022)
• Aníbal Torres, Prime minister (2022)
• Betssy Chávez, Prime minister (2022)
• Pedro Angulo Arana, Prime minister (2022)
• Alberto Otárola, Prime minister (2022–2024)
• Gustavo Adrianzén, Prime minister (2024–present)

• Suriname (complete list) –

• Ronald Venetiaan, President (2000–2010)
• Dési Bouterse, President (2010–2021)
• Chan Santokhi, President (2021–present)

• Uruguay (complete list) –

• Julio María Sanguinetti, President (1995–2000)
• Jorge Batlle, President (2000–2005)
• Tabaré Vázquez, President (2005–2010)
• José Mujica, President (2010–2015)
• Tabaré Vázquez, President (2015–2020)
• Luis Lacalle Pou, President (2020–present)

• Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (complete list) –

• Hugo Chávez, President (1999–2002, 2002–2013)
• Pedro Carmona, Acting President (2002)
• Diosdado Cabello, Acting President (2002)
• Nicolás Maduro, President (2013–present; disputed since 2019)
• Juan Guaidó, Acting President (2019–2023; disputed with Nicolás Maduro)
• Dinorah Figuera, Acting President (2023–present; disputed with Nicolás Maduro)

Asia: Central edit

• Kazakhstan

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Nursultan Nazarbayev, President (1991–2019)
• Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, President (2019–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Prime minister (1999–2002)
• Imangali Tasmagambetov, Prime minister (2002–2003)
• Daniyal Akhmetov, Prime minister (2003–2007)
• Karim Massimov, Prime minister (2007–2012)
• Serik Akhmetov, Prime minister (2012–2014)
• Karim Massimov, Prime minister (2014–2016)
• Bakhytzhan Sagintayev, Prime minister (2016–2019)
• Askar Mamin, Prime minister (2019–2022)
• Alihan Smaiylov, Prime minister (2022–2024)
• Roman Sklyar, Acting Prime minister (2024)
• Oljas Bektenov, Prime minister (2024–present)

• Kyrgyzstan

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Askar Akayev, President (1990–2005)
• Ishenbai Kadyrbekov, Acting President (2005)
• Kurmanbek Bakiyev, President (2005–2010)
• Roza Otunbayeva, President (2010–2011)
• Almazbek Atambayev, President (2011–2017)
• Sooronbay Jeenbekov, President (2017–2020)
• Sadyr Japarov, Acting President (2020)
• Talant Mamytov, Acting President (2020–2021)
• Sadyr Japarov, President (2021–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Kurmanbek Bakiyev, Prime minister (2000–2002)
• Nikolai Tanayev, Prime minister (2002–2005)
• Kurmanbek Bakiyev, Prime minister (2005)
• Medetbek Kerimkulov, Acting Prime minister (2005)
• Felix Kulov, Acting Prime minister (2005–2007)
• Azim Isabekov, Prime minister (2007)
• Almazbek Atambayev, Prime minister (2007)
• Iskenderbek Aidaraliyev, Acting Prime minister (2007)
• Igor Chudinov, Prime minister (2007–2009)
• Daniar Usenov, Prime minister (2009–2010)
• Almazbek Atambayev, Prime minister (2010–2011)
• Ömürbek Babanov, Acting Prime minister (2011)
• Almazbek Atambayev, Prime minister (2011)
• Ömürbek Babanov, Prime minister (2011–2012)
• Aaly Karashev, Acting Prime minister (2012)
• Zhantoro Satybaldiyev, Prime minister (2012–2014)
• Djoomart Otorbaev, Prime minister (2014–2015)
• Temir Sariyev, Prime minister (2015–2016)
• Sooronbay Jeenbekov, Prime minister (2016–2017)
• Sapar Isakov, Prime minister (2017–2018)
• Mukhammedkalyi Abylgaziev, Prime minister (2018–2020)
• Kubatbek Boronov, Prime minister (2020)
• Sadyr Japarov, Prime minister (2020)
• Artem Novikov, Acting Prime minister (2020–2021)
• Ulukbek Maripov, Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers (2021)
• Akylbek Japarov, Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers (2021–present)

• Tajikistan

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Emomali Rahmon, Chairman of the Supreme Assembly (1992–1994), President (1994–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Oqil Oqilov, Prime minister (1999–2013)
• Kokhir Rasulzoda, Prime minister (2013–present)

• Turkmenistan (complete list) –

• Saparmurat Niyazov, President (1990–2006)
• Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, Acting President (2006–2007), President (2007–2022)
• Serdar Berdimuhamedow, President (2022–present)

• Uzbekistan

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Islam Karimov, President (1991–2016)
• Nigmatilla Yuldashev, Acting President (2016)
• Shavkat Mirziyoyev, President (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Oʻtkir Sultonov, Prime minister (1995–2003)
• Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Prime minister (2003–2016)
• Abdulla Aripov, Prime minister (2016–present)

Asia: East edit

• China

• Chairmen and General Secretaries of the Communist Party (complete list) and paramount leaders (complete list) –

• Jiang Zemin, General Secretary (1989–2002), paramount leader (1989–2002)
• Hu Jintao, General Secretary (2002–2012), paramount leader (2002–2012)
• Xi Jinping, General Secretary (2012–present), paramount leader (2012–present)

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Jiang Zemin, President (1993–2003)
• Hu Jintao, President (2003–2013)
• Xi Jinping, President (2013–present)

• Premiers (complete list) –

• Zhu Rongji, Premier (1998–2003)
• Wen Jiabao, Premier (2003–2013)
• Li Keqiang, Premier (2013–2023)
• Li Qiang, Premier (2023–present)

• Japan

• Emperors (complete list) –

• Akihito, Emperor (1989–2019)
• Naruhito, Emperor (2019–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Yoshirō Mori, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Junichirō Koizumi, Prime minister (2001–2006)
• Shinzō Abe, Prime minister (2006–2007)
• Yasuo Fukuda, Prime minister (2007–2008)
• Tarō Asō, Prime minister (2008–2009)
• Yukio Hatoyama, Prime minister (2009–2010)
• Naoto Kan, Prime minister (2010–2011)
• Yoshihiko Noda, Prime minister (2011–2012)
• Shinzō Abe, Prime minister (2012–2020)
• Yoshihide Suga, Prime minister (2020–2021)
• Fumio Kishida, Prime minister (2021–present)

• North Korea

• Leaders of the Workers' Party (complete list) –

• Kim Jong-il, General Secretary (1997–2011), Eternal General Secretary (2012–present)
• Kim Jong-un, First Secretary (2012–2016), Chairman (2016–2021), General Secretary (2021–present)

• Head of state

• Kim Yong-nam (1998–2019)
• Choe Ryong-hae (2019–present)
• Kim Jong-un, President of State Affairs (2016–present)

• Premiers (complete list) –

• Hong Song-nam, Premier (1997–2003)
• Pak Pong-ju, Premier (2003–2007)
• Kim Yong-il, Premier (2007–2010)
• Choe Yong-rim, Premier (2010–2013)
• Pak Pong-ju, Premier (2013–2019)
• Kim Jae-ryong, Premier (2019–2020)
• Kim Tok-hun, Premier (2020–present)

• South Korea

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Kim Dae-jung, President (1998–2003)
• Roh Moo-hyun, President (2003–2008)
• Goh Kun, Acting President (2004)
• Lee Myung-bak, President (2008–2013)
• Park Geun-hye, President (2013–2017)
• Hwang Kyo-ahn, Acting President (2016–2017)
• Moon Jae-in, President (2017–2022)
• Yoon Suk-yeol, President (2022–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Lee Han-dong, Prime minister (2000–2002)
• Chang Sang, Acting Prime minister (2002)
• Chang Dae-whan, Acting Prime minister (2002)
• Kim Suk-soo, Prime minister (2002–2003)
• Goh Kun, Prime minister (2003–2004)
• Lee Hae-chan, Prime minister (2004–2006)
• Han Myeong-sook, Prime minister (2006–2007)
• Han Duck-soo, Prime minister (2007–2008)
• Han Seung-soo, Prime minister (2008–2009)
• Chung Un-chan, Prime minister (2009–2010)
• Yoon Jeung-hyun, Acting Prime minister (2010)
• Kim Hwang-sik, Prime minister (2010–2013)
• Chung Hong-won, Prime minister (2013–2015)
• Lee Wan-koo, Prime minister (2015)
• Choi Kyoung-hwan, Acting Prime minister (2015)
• Hwang Kyo-ahn, Prime minister (2015–2017)
• Yoo Il-ho, Acting Prime minister (2017)
• Lee Nak-yeon, Prime minister (2017–2020)
• Chung Sye-kyun, Prime minister (2020–2021)
• Kim Boo-kyum, Prime minister (2021–2022)
• Han Duck-soo, Prime minister (2022–present)

• Mongolia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Natsagiin Bagabandi, President (1997–2005)
• Nambaryn Enkhbayar, President (2005–2009)
• Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, President (2009–2017)
• Khaltmaagiin Battulga, President (2017–2021)
• Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh, President (2021–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Nambaryn Enkhbayar, Prime minister (2000–2004)
• Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, Prime minister (2004–2006)
• Miyeegombyn Enkhbold, Prime minister (2006–2007)
• Sanjaagiin Bayar, Prime minister (2007–2009)
• Sükhbaataryn Batbold, Prime minister (2009–2012)
• Norovyn Altankhuyag, Prime minister (2012–2014)
• Dendeviin Terbishdagva, Acting Prime minister (2014)
• Chimediin Saikhanbileg, Prime minister (2014–2016)
• Jargaltulgyn Erdenebat, Prime minister (2016–2017)
• Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh, Prime minister (2017–2021)
• Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene, Prime minister (2021–present)

• Taiwan

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Chen Shui-bian, President (2000–2008)
• Ma Ying-jeou, President (2008–2016)
• Tsai Ing-wen, President (2016–present)

• Premiers (complete list) –

• Chang Chun-hsiung, Premier (2000–2002)
• Yu Shyi-kun, Premier (2002–2005)
• Frank Hsieh, Premier (2005–2006)
• Su Tseng-chang, Premier (2006–2007)
• Chang Chun-hsiung, Premier (2007–2008)
• Liu Chao-shiuan, Premier (2008–2009)
• Wu Den-yih, Premier (2009–2012)
• Sean Chen, Premier (2012–2013)
• Jiang Yi-huah, Premier (2013–2014)
• Mao Chi-kuo, Premier (2014–2016)
• Chang San-cheng, Premier (2016)
• Lin Chuan, Premier (2016–2017)
• William Lai, Premier (2017–2019)
• Su Tseng-chang, Premier (2019–2023)
• Chen Chien-jen, Premier (2023–present)

Asia: Southeast edit

• Brunei (complete list) –

• Hassanal Bolkiah, sultan (1967–present)^[a]

• Cambodia

• Kings (complete list) –

• Norodom Sihanouk, king (1993–2004)
• Norodom Sihamoni, king (2004–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Hun Sen, prime minister (1998–2023)
• Hun Manet, prime minister (2023–present)

• East Timor (independent 2002–present)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Xanana Gusmão, president (2002–2007)
• José Ramos-Horta, president (2007–2008)
• Vicente Guterres, acting president (2008)
• Fernando de Araújo, acting president (2008)
• José Ramos-Horta, president (2008–2012)
• Taur Matan Ruak, president (2012–2017)
• Francisco Guterres, president (2017–2022)
• José Ramos-Horta, president (2022–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mari Alkatiri, prime minister (2002–2006)
• José Ramos-Horta, prime minister (2006–2007)
• Estanislau da Silva, prime minister (2007)
• Xanana Gusmão, prime minister (2007–2015)
• Rui Maria de Araújo, prime minister (2015–2017)
• Mari Alkatiri, prime minister (2017–2018)
• Taur Matan Ruak, prime minister (2018–2023)
• Xanana Gusmão, prime minister (2023–present)

• Indonesia (complete list) –

• Abdurrahman Wahid, president (1999–2001)
• Megawati Sukarnoputri, president (2001–2004)
• Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, president (2004–2014)
• Joko Widodo, president (2014–present)

• Laos

• General Secretaries (complete list) –

• Khamtai Siphandone, chairman (1992–2006)
• Choummaly Sayasone, general secretary (2006–2016)
• Bounnhang Vorachit, general secretary (2016–2021)
• Thongloun Sisoulith, general secretary (2021–present)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Khamtai Siphandone, president (1998–2006)
• Choummaly Sayasone, president (2006–2016)
• Bounnhang Vorachit, president (2016–2021)
• Thongloun Sisoulith, president (2021–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Sisavath Keobounphanh, prime minister (1998–2001)
• Bounnhang Vorachit, prime minister (2001–2006)
• Bouasone Bouphavanh, prime minister (2006–2010)
• Thongsing Thammavong, prime minister (2010–2016)
• Thongloun Sisoulith, prime minister (2016–2021)
• Phankham Viphavanh, prime minister (2021–2022)
• Sonexay Siphandone, prime minister (2022–present)

• Malaysia

• Elected monarchs (complete list) –

• Salahuddin of Selangor, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1999–2001)
• Sirajuddin of Perlis, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (2001–2006)
• Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (2006–2011)
• Abdul Halim of Kedah, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (2011–2016)
• Muhammad V of Kelantan, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (2016–2019)
• Abdullah of Pahang, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (2019–2024)
• Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (2024–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mahathir Mohamad, prime minister (1981–2003)
• Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, prime minister (2003–2009)
• Najib Razak, prime minister (2009–2018)
• Mahathir Mohamad, prime minister (2018–2020)
• Muhyiddin Yassin, prime minister (2020–2021)
• Ismail Sabri Yaakob, prime minister (2021–2022)
• Anwar Ibrahim, prime minister (2022–present)

• Myanmar

• Union of Myanmar (1997–2011)

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Than Shwe, chairman (1992–2011)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Than Shwe, prime minister (1992–2003)
• Khin Nyunt, prime minister (2003–2004)
• Soe Win, prime minister (2004–2007)
• Thein Sein, prime minister (2007–2011)

• Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2011–present)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Thein Sein, president (2011–2016)
• Htin Kyaw, president (2016–2018)
• Myint Swe, acting president (2018)
• Win Myint, president (2018–2021)
• Myint Swe, acting president (2021–present)

• State counsellors (complete list) –

• Position created 2016
• Aung San Suu Kyi, state counsellor (2016–2021)
• Vacant since 2021

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Position created 2021
• Min Aung Hlaing, prime minister (2021–present)

• Chairmen of the State Administration Council

• Position created 2021
• Min Aung Hlaing, chairman (2021–present)

• Philippines: Fifth Republic

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Joseph Estrada, president (1998–2001)
• Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, president (2001–2010)
• Benigno Aquino III, president (2010–2016)
• Rodrigo Duterte, president (2016–2022)
• Bongbong Marcos, president (2022−present)

• Singapore

• Presidents (complete list) –

• S. R. Nathan, president (1999–2011)
• Tony Tan, president (2011–2017)
• Halimah Yacob, president (2017–2023)
• Tharman Shanmugaratnam, president (2023–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Goh Chok Tong, prime minister (1990–2004)
• Lee Hsien Loong, prime minister (2004–present)

• Thailand

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Bhumibol Adulyadej, king (1946–2016)
• Vajiralongkorn, king (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Chuan Leekpai, prime minister (1997–2001)
• Thaksin Shinawatra, prime minister (2001–2006)
• Chitchai Wannasathit, acting prime minister (2006)
• Thaksin Shinawatra, prime minister (2006)
• Sonthi Boonyaratglin, President of the Administrative Reform Council of Thailand (2006)
• Surayud Chulanont, prime minister (2006–2008)
• Samak Sundaravej, prime minister (2008)
• Somchai Wongsawat, prime minister (2008)
• Chaovarat Chanweerakul, acting crime minister (2008)
• Abhisit Vejjajiva, prime minister (2008–2011)
• Yingluck Shinawatra, prime minister (2011–2014)
• Niwatthamrong Boonsongpaisan, acting prime minister (2014)
• Prayut Chan-o-cha, prime minister (2014–2022)
• Prawit Wongsuwon, acting prime minister (2022)
• Prayut Chan-o-cha, prime minister (2022–2023)
• Srettha Thavisin, prime minister (2023–present)

• Vietnam

• General Secretaries of the Communist Party (complete list) –

• Lê Khả Phiêu, general secretary (1997–2001)
• Nông Đức Mạnh, general secretary (2001–2011)
• Nguyễn Phú Trọng, general secretary (2011–present)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Trần Đức Lương, president (1997–2006)
• Nguyễn Minh Triết, president (2006–2011)
• Trương Tấn Sang, president (2011–2016)
• Nguyễn Phú Trọng, acting president (2016)
• Trần Đại Quang, president (2016–2018)
• Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh, acting president (2018)
• Nguyễn Phú Trọng, president (2018–2021)
• Nguyễn Xuân Phúc, president (2021–2023)
• Võ Thị Ánh Xuân, acting president (2023)
• Võ Văn Thưởng, president (2023–2024)
• Võ Thị Ánh Xuân, acting president (2024–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Phan Văn Khải, prime minister (1997–2006)
• Nguyễn Tấn Dũng, prime minister (2006–2016)
• Nguyễn Xuân Phúc, prime minister (2016–2021)
• Phạm Minh Chính, prime minister (2021–present)

Asia: South edit

• Islamic State of Afghanistan

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Burhanuddin Rabbani, President (1992–2001)
• Hamid Karzai, Chairman of the Afghan Interim Administration (2001–2002)

• Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

• Supreme leaders (complete list) –

• Mullah Omar (1996–2001)

• Prime ministers –

• Mohammad Rabbani (1996–2001)
• Abdul Kabir (acting, 2001)

• Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Hamid Karzai, President (2002–2004)

• Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Hamid Karzai, President (2004–2014)
• Ashraf Ghani, President (2014–2021)

• Chief executive officers

• Abdullah Abdullah (2014–2020)

• Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

• Supreme leaders (complete list) –

• Hibatullah Akhundzada (2021–present)

• Prime ministers –

• Hasan Akhund (acting, 2021–present)
• Abdul Kabir (acting, 2023)

• Bangladesh

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Shahabuddin Ahmed, President (1996–2001)
• A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury, President (2001–2002)
• Muhammad Jamiruddin Sircar, Interim President (2002)
• Iajuddin Ahmed, President (2002–2009)
• Zillur Rahman, President (2009–2013)
• Mohammad Abdul Hamid, President (2013–2023)
• Mohammed Shahabuddin, President (2023–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Sheikh Hasina, Prime minister (1996–2001)
• Latifur Rahman, Prime minister (2001)
• Khaleda Zia, Prime minister (2001–2006)
• Iajuddin Ahmed, Prime minister (2006–2007)
• Fazlul Haque, Interim Prime minister (2007)
• Fakhruddin Ahmed, Interim Prime minister (2007–2009)
• Sheikh Hasina, Prime minister (2009–present)

• Bhutan

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Jigme Singye Wangchuck, Druk Gyalpo (1972–2006)
• Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, Druk Gyalpo (2006–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Yeshey Zimba, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Khandu Wangchuk, Prime minister (2001–2002)
• Kinzang Dorji, Prime minister (2002–2003)
• Jigme Thinley, Prime minister (2003–2004)
• Yeshey Zimba, Prime minister (2004–2005)
• Sangay Ngedup, Prime minister (2005–2006)
• Khandu Wangchuk, Prime minister (2006–2007)
• Kinzang Dorji, Prime minister (2007–2008)
• Jigme Thinley, Prime minister (2008–2013)
• Tshering Tobgay, Prime minister (2013–2018)
• Lotay Tshering, Prime minister (2018–2023)
• Tshering Tobgay, Prime minister (2024–present)

• India

• Presidents (complete list) –

• K. R. Narayanan, President (1997–2002)
• A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, President (2002–2007)
• Pratibha Patil, President (2007–2012)
• Pranab Mukherjee, President (2012–2017)
• Ram Nath Kovind, President (2017–2022)
• Droupadi Murmu, President (2022–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Prime minister (1998–2004)
• Manmohan Singh, Prime minister (2004–2014)
• Narendra Modi, Prime minister (2014–present)

• Maldives (complete list) –

• Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President (1978–2008)
• Mohamed Nasheed, President (2008–2012)
• Mohammed Waheed Hassan, President (2012–2013)
• Abdulla Yameen, President (2013–2018)
• Ibrahim Mohamed Solih, President (2018–2023)
• Mohamed Muizzu, President (2023–present)

• Kingdom of Nepal

• Kings (complete list) –

• Birendra, King (1972–2001)
• Dipendra, King (2001)
• Gyanendra, King (2001–2008)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Girija Prasad Koirala, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Sher Bahadur Deuba, Prime minister (2001–2002)
• Lokendra Bahadur Chand, Prime minister (2002–2003)
• Surya Bahadur Thapa, Prime minister (2003–2004)
• Sher Bahadur Deuba, Prime minister (2004–2005)
• Girija Prasad Koirala, Prime minister (2006–2008)

• Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Girija Prasad Koirala, Acting President (2007–2008)
• Ram Baran Yadav, President (2008–2015)
• Bidya Devi Bhandari, President (2015–2023)
• Ram Chandra Poudel, President (2023–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Girija Prasad Koirala, Prime minister (2008)
• Pushpa Kamal Dahal, Prime minister (2008–2009)
• Madhav Kumar Nepal, Prime minister (2009–2011)
• Jhala Nath Khanal, Prime minister (2011)
• Baburam Bhattarai, Prime minister (2011–2013)
• Khil Raj Regmi, Acting Prime minister (2013–2014)
• Sushil Koirala, Prime minister (2014–2015)
• Khadga Prasad Oli, Prime minister (2015–2016)
• Pushpa Kamal Dahal, Prime minister (2016–2017)
• Sher Bahadur Deuba, Prime minister (2017–2018)
• Khadga Prasad Oli, Prime minister (2018–2021)
• Sher Bahadur Deuba, Prime minister (2021–2022)
• Pushpa Kamal Dahal, Prime minister (2022–present)

• Pakistan

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Muhammad Rafiq Tarar, President (1997–2001)
• Pervez Musharraf, President (2001–2008)
• Muhammad Mian Soomro, Acting President (2008)
• Asif Ali Zardari, President (2008–2013)
• Mamnoon Hussain, President (2013–2018)
• Arif Alvi, President (2018–2024)
• Asif Ali Zardari, President (2024–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Zafarullah Khan Jamali, Prime minister (2002–2004)
• Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain, Prime minister (2004)
• Shaukat Aziz, Prime minister (2004–2007)
• Muhammad Mian Soomro, Acting Prime minister (2007–2008)
• Yousaf Raza Gillani, Prime minister (2008–2012)
• Raja Pervaiz Ashraf, Prime minister (2012–2013)
• Mir Hazar Khan Khoso, Acting Prime minister (2013)
• Nawaz Sharif, Prime minister (2013–2017)
• Shahid Khaqan Abbasi, Prime minister (2017–2018)
• Imran Khan, Prime minister (2018–2022)
• Shehbaz Sharif, Prime minister (2022–2023)
• Anwar ul Haq Kakar, Caretaker Prime minister (2023–2024)
• Shehbaz Sharif, Prime minister (2024–present)

• Sri Lanka

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Chandrika Kumaratunga, President (1994–2005)
• Mahinda Rajapaksa, President (2005–2015)
• Maithripala Sirisena, President (2015–2019)
• Gotabaya Rajapaksa, President (2019–2022)
• Ranil Wickremesinghe, President (2022–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ratnasiri Wickremanayake, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Ranil Wickremesinghe, Prime minister (2001–2004)
• Mahinda Rajapaksa, Prime minister (2004–2005)
• Ratnasiri Wickremanayake, Prime minister (2005–2010)
• D. M. Jayaratne, Prime minister (2010–2015)
• Ranil Wickremesinghe, Prime minister (2015–2019)
• Mahinda Rajapaksa, Prime minister (2019–2022)
• Ranil Wickremesinghe, Prime minister (2022)
• Dinesh Gunawardena, Prime minister (2022–present)

Asia: West edit

• State / Kingdom of Bahrain

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, Emir (1999–2002), King (2002–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Prime minister (1971–2020)
• Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa, Prime minister (2020–present)

• Cyprus (complete list) –

• Glafcos Clerides, President (1993–2003)
• Tassos Papadopoulos, President (2003–2008)
• Demetris Christofias, President (2008–2013)
• Nicos Anastasiades, President (2013–2023)
• Nikos Christodoulides, President (2023–present)

Northern Cyprus

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Rauf Denktaş, President (1983–2005)
• Mehmet Ali Talat, President (2005–2010)
• Derviş Eroğlu, President (2010–2015)
• Mustafa Akıncı, President (2015–2020)
• Ersin Tatar, President (2020–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Derviş Eroğlu, Prime minister (1985–1994, 1996–2004, 2009–2010))
• Mehmet Ali Talat, Prime minister (2004–2005)
• Serdar Denktaş, acting Prime minister (2005)
• Ferdi Sabit Soyer, Prime minister (2005–2009)
• İrsen Küçük, Prime minister (2010–2013)
• Sibel Siber, Prime minister (2013)
• Özkan Yorgancıoğlu, Prime minister (2013–2015)
• Ömer Kalyoncu, Prime minister (2015–2016)
• Hüseyin Özgürgün, acting Prime minister (2010), Prime minister (2016–2018)
• Tufan Erhürman, Prime minister (2018–2019)
• Ersin Tatar, Prime minister (2019–2020)
• Ersan Saner, Prime minister (2020–2021)
• Faiz Sucuoğlu, Prime minister (2021–2022)
• Ünal Üstel, Prime minister (2022–present)

• Iran

• Supreme Leaders (complete list) –

• Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader (1989–present)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Mohammad Khatami, President (1997–2005)
• Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, President (2005–2013)
• Hassan Rouhani, President (2013–2021)
• Ebrahim Raisi, President (2021–present)

• Ba'athist Iraq

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Saddam Hussein, President (1979–2003)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Saddam Hussein, Prime minister (1994–2003)

• Coalition Provisional Authority, Iraq

• Jay Garner, Administrator of the Coalition Provisional Authority (2003)
• Paul Bremer, Administrator of the Coalition Provisional Authority (2003–2004)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mohammad Bahr al-Ulloum, Acting Prime minister (2003)
• Ibrahim al-Jaafari, Prime minister (2003)
• Ahmed al-Chalabi, Prime minister (2003)
• Ayad Allawi, Prime minister (2003)
• Jalal Talabani, Prime minister (2003)
• Abdul Aziz al-Hakim, Prime minister (2003)
• Adnan al-Pachachi, Prime minister (2004)
• Mohsen Abdel Hamid, Prime minister (2004)
• Mohammad Bahr al-Ulloum, Prime minister (2004)
• Massoud Barzani, Prime minister (2004)
• Ezzedine Salim, Prime minister (2004)
• Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer, Prime minister (2004)

• Republic of Iraq

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer, Interim President (2004–2005)
• Jalal Talabani, President (2005–2014)
• Fuad Masum, President (2014–2018)
• Barham Salih, President (2018–2022)
• Abdul Latif Rashid, President (2022–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ayad Allawi, Acting Prime minister (2004–2005)
• Ibrahim al-Jaafari, Prime minister (2005–2006)
• Nouri al-Maliki, Prime minister (2006–2014)
• Haider al-Abadi, Prime minister (2014–2018)
• Adil Abdul-Mahdi, Prime minister (2018–2020)
• Mustafa Al-Kadhimi, Prime minister (2020–2022)
• Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani, Prime minister (2022–present)

• Israel

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Ezer Weizman, President (1993–2000)
• Moshe Katsav, President (2000–2007)
• Shimon Peres, President (2007–2014)
• Reuven Rivlin, President (2014–2021)
• Isaac Herzog, President (2021–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ehud Barak, Prime minister (1999–2001)
• Ariel Sharon, Prime minister (2001–2006)
• Ehud Olmert, Prime minister (2006–2009)
• Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime minister (2009–2021)
• Naftali Bennett, Prime minister (2021–2022)
• Yair Lapid, Prime minister (2022)
• Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime minister (2022–present)

• Jordan

• Kings (complete list) –

• Abdullah II, King (1999–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ali Abu al-Ragheb, Prime minister (2000–2003)
• Faisal al-Fayez, Prime minister (2003–2005)
• Adnan Badran, Prime minister (2005)
• Marouf al-Bakhit, Prime minister (2005–2007)
• Nader al-Dahabi, Prime minister (2007–2009)
• Samir Rifai, Prime minister (2009–2011)
• Marouf al-Bakhit, Prime minister (2011)
• Awn Shawkat Al-Khasawneh, Prime minister (2011–2012)
• Fayez al-Tarawneh, Prime minister (2012)
• Abdullah Ensour, Prime minister (2012–2016)
• Hani Mulki, Prime minister (2016–2018)
• Omar Razzaz, Prime minister (2018–2020)
• Bisher Al-Khasawneh, Prime minister (2020–present)

• Kuwait

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Jaber III, Emir (1977–2006)
• Saad I, Emir (2006)
• Sabah IV, Emir (2006–2020)
• Nawaf I, Emir (2020–2023)
• Mishal I, Emir (2023–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Saad Al-Abdullah, Prime minister (1978–2003)
• Sabah Al-Ahmad, Prime minister (2003–2006)
• Nasser Al-Mohammed, Prime minister (2006–2011)
• Jaber Al-Mubarak, Prime minister (2011–2019)
• Sabah Al-Khalid, Prime minister (2019–2022)
• Ahmad Nawaf, Prime minister (2022–2024)
• Mohammad Sabah, Prime minister (2024)
• Ahmad Al-Abdullah, Prime minister (2024–present)

• Lebanon

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Émile Lahoud, President (1998–2007)
• Fouad Siniora, Acting President (2007–2008)
• Michel Suleiman, President (2008–2014)
• Tammam Salam, Acting President (2014–2016)
• Michel Aoun, President (2016–2022)
• Najib Mikati, Acting President (2022-present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Rafic Hariri, Prime minister (2000–2004)
• Omar Karami, Prime minister (2004–2005)
• Najib Mikati, Prime minister (2005)
• Fouad Siniora, Prime minister (2005–2009)
• Saad Hariri, Prime minister (2009–2011)
• Najib Mikati, Prime minister (2011–2014)
• Tammam Salam, Prime minister (2014–2016)
• Saad Hariri, Prime minister (2016–2020)
• Hassan Diab, Prime minister (2020), caretaker Prime minister (2020–2021)
• Najib Mikati, Prime minister (2021–present)

• Oman (complete list) –

• Qaboos bin Said, Sultan (1970–2020)
• Haitham bin Tariq, Sultan (2020–present)

• Palestinian National Authority (complete list) –

• Yasser Arafat, President (1994–2004)
• Rawhi Fattouh, interim President (2004–2005)
• Mahmoud Abbas, President (2005–present)

• State of Palestine

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Yasser Arafat, President (1994–2004)
• Mahmoud Abbas, Acting President (2005–2008), President (2008–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mahmoud Abbas, Prime minister (2003)
• Ahmed Qurei, Prime minister (2003–2005)
• Nabil Shaath, Acting Prime minister (2005)
• Ahmed Qurei, Prime minister (2005–2006)
• Ismail Haniyeh, Prime minister (2006–2014)
• Salam Fayyad, Prime minister (2007–2013)
• Rami Hamdallah, Prime minister (2013–2019)
• Mohammad Shtayyeh, Prime minister (2019–2024)
• Mohammad Mustafa, Prime minister (2024–present)

• Qatar

• Emirs (complete list) –

• Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir (1995–2013)
• Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir (2013–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Abdullah bin Khalifa, Prime minister (1996–2007)
• Hamad bin Jassim, Prime minister (2007–2013)
• Abdullah bin Nasser, Prime minister (2013–2020)
• Khalid bin Khalifa, Prime minister (2020–2023)
• Mohammed bin Abdulrahman, Prime minister (2023–present)

• Saudi Arabia (complete list) –

• Fahd, King (1982–2005)
• Abdullah, King (2005–2015)
• Salman, King (2015–present)

• Syria

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Bashar al-Assad, President (2000–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Muhammad Mustafa Mero, Prime minister (2000–2003)
• Muhammad Naji al-Otari, Prime minister (2003–2011)
• Adel Safar, Prime minister (2011–2012)
• Riyad Farid Hijab, Prime minister (2012)
• Omar Ibrahim Ghalawanji, Acting Prime minister (2012)
• Wael Nader al-Halqi, Prime minister (2012–2016)
• Imad Khamis, Prime minister (2016–2020)
• Hussein Arnous, Prime minister (2020–present)

• Turkey

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ahmet Necdet Sezer, President (2000–2007)
• Abdullah Gül, President (2007–2014)
• Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, President (2014–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Bülent Ecevit, Prime minister (1999–2002)
• Abdullah Gül, Prime minister (2002–2003)
• Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Prime minister (2003–2014)
• Ahmet Davutoğlu, Prime minister (2014–2016)
• Binali Yıldırım, Prime minister (2016–2018)

Prime minister office abolished in 2018.

• United Arab Emirates

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President (1971–2004)
• Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President (2004–2022)
• Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President (2022–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime minister (1990–2006)
• Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime minister (2006–present)

• Yemen

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ali Abdullah Saleh, Chairman of the Presidential Council (1990–1994), President (1994–2012)
• Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, Acting President (2011–2012), President (2012–2022)
• Rashad al-Alimi, Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council (2022–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Abd Al-Karim Al-Iryani, Prime minister (1998–2001)
• Abdul Qadir Bajamal, Prime minister (2001–2007)
• Ali Muhammad Mujawar, Prime minister (2007–2011)
• Mohammed Basindawa, Prime minister (2011–2014)
• Abdullah Mohsen al-Akwa, Acting Prime minister (2014)
• Khaled Bahah, Prime minister (2014–2016)
• Ahmed Obeid bin Daghr, Prime minister (2016–2018)
• Abdel-Aziz bin Habtour, Disputed Prime minister (2016–present)
• Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed, Prime minister (2018–2024)
• Ahmad Awad bin Mubarak, Prime minister (2024–present)

Houthi takeover in Yemen

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Mohammed Ali al-Houthi, President of the Supreme Revolutionary Committee (2015–2016)
• Saleh Ali al-Sammad, President of the Supreme Political Council (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Talal Aklan, Acting Prime minister (2016–present)

Europe: Balkans edit

• Albania

• Chairmen (complete list) –

• Rexhep Meidani, President (1997–2002)
• Alfred Moisiu, President (2002–2007)
• Bamir Topi, President (2007–2012)
• Bujar Nishani, President (2012–2017)
• Ilir Meta, President (2017–2022)
• Bajram Begaj, President (2022–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ilir Meta, Prime minister (1999–2002)
• Pandeli Majko, Prime minister (2002)
• Fatos Nano, Prime minister (2002–2005)
• Sali Berisha, Prime minister (2005–2013)
• Edi Rama, Prime minister (2013–present)

• Bosnia and Herzegovina

• High Representatives (complete list) –

• Wolfgang Petritsch, High Representative (1999–2002)
• Paddy Ashdown, High Representative (2002–2006)
• Christian Schwarz-Schilling, High Representative (2006–2007)
• Miroslav Lajčák, High Representative (2007–2009)
• Valentin Inzko, High Representative (2009–2021)
• Christian Schmidt, High Representative (2021–present)

• Presidency (complete list) –

• Chairmen of the Presidency (complete list) –

• Živko Radišić, Chairman (2000–2001)
• Jozo Križanović, Chairman (2001–2002)
• Beriz Belkić, Chairman (2002)
• Mirko Šarović, Chairman (2002–2003)
• Dragan Čović, Chairman (2003)
• Borislav Paravac, Chairmen (2003)
• Dragan Čović, Chairman (2003–2004)
• Sulejman Tihić, Chairman (2004)
• Borislav Paravac, Chairman (2004–2005)
• Ivo Miro Jović, Chairman (2005–2006)
• Sulejman Tihić, Chairman (2006)
• Nebojša Radmanović, Chairman (2006–2007)
• Željko Komšić, Chairman (2007–2008)
• Haris Silajdžić, Chairman (2008)
• Nebojša Radmanović, Chairman (2008–2009)
• Željko Komšić, Chairman (2009–2010)
• Haris Silajdžić, Chairman (2010)
• Nebojša Radmanović, Chairman (2010–2011)
• Željko Komšić, Chairman (2011–2012)
• Bakir Izetbegović, Chairman (2012)
• Nebojša Radmanović, Chairman (2012–2013)
• Željko Komšić, Chairman (2013–2014)
• Bakir Izetbegović, Chairman (2014)
• Mladen Ivanić, Chairman (2014–2015)
• Dragan Čović, Chairman (2015–2016)
• Bakir Izetbegović, Chairman (2016)
• Mladen Ivanić, Chairman (2016–2017)
• Dragan Čović, Chairman (2017–2018)
• Bakir Izetbegović, Chairman (2018)
• Milorad Dodik, Chairman (2018–2019)
• Željko Komšić, Chairman (2019–2020)
• Šefik Džaferović, Chairman (2020)
• Milorad Dodik, Chairman (2020–2021)
• Željko Komšić, Chairman (2021–2022)
• Šefik Džaferović, Chairman (2022)
• Željka Cvijanović, Chairwoman (2022–2023)
• Željko Komšić, Chairman (2023–present)

• Bosniak members of the Presidency (complete list) –

• Halid Genjac, Member (2000–2001)
• Beriz Belkić, Member (2001–2002)
• Sulejman Tihić, Member (2002–2006)
• Haris Silajdžić, Member (2006–2010)
• Bakir Izetbegović, Member (2010–2018)
• Šefik Džaferović, Member (2018–2022)
• Denis Bećirović, Member (2022–present)

• Croat members of the Presidency (complete list) –

• Ante Jelavić, Member (1998–2001)
• Jozo Križanović, Member (2001–2002)
• Dragan Čović, Member (2002–2005)
• Ivo Miro Jović, Member (2005–2006)
• Željko Komšić, Member (2006–2014)
• Dragan Čović, Member (2014–2018)
• Željko Komšić, Member (2018–present)

• Serb members of the Presidency (complete list) –

• Živko Radišić, Member (1998–2002)
• Mirko Šarović, Member (2002–2003)
• Borislav Paravac, Member (2003–2006)
• Nebojša Radmanović, Member (2006–2014)
• Mladen Ivanić, Member (2014–2018)
• Milorad Dodik, Member (2018–2022)
• Željka Cvijanović, Member (2022–present)

• Chairmen of the Council of Ministers (complete list) –

• Martin Raguž, Chairman (2000–2001)
• Božidar Matić, Chairman (2001)
• Zlatko Lagumdžija, Chairman (2001–2002)
• Dragan Mikerević, Chairman (2002)
• Adnan Terzić, Chairman (2002–2007)
• Nikola Špirić, Chairman (2007–2012)
• Vjekoslav Bevanda, Chairman (2012–2015)
• Denis Zvizdić, Chairman (2015–2019)
• Zoran Tegeltija, Chairman (2019–2023)
• Borjana Krišto, Chairwoman (2023–present)

• Bulgaria

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Petar Stoyanov, President (1997–2002)
• Georgi Parvanov, President (2002–2012)
• Rosen Plevneliev, President (2012–2017)
• Rumen Radev, President (2017–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ivan Yordanov Kostov, Prime minister (1997–2001)
• Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Prime minister (2001–2005)
• Sergei Stanishev, Prime minister (2005–2009)
• Boyko Borisov, Prime minister (2009–2013)
• Marin Raykov, Acting Prime minister (2013)
• Plamen Oresharski, Prime minister (2013–2014)
• Georgi Bliznashki, Acting Prime minister (2014)
• Boyko Borisov, Prime minister (2014–2017)
• Ognyan Gerdzhikov, Acting Prime minister (2017)
• Boyko Borisov, Prime minister (2017–2021)
• Stefan Yanev, Acting Prime minister (2021)
• Kiril Petkov, Prime minister (2021–2022)
• Galab Donev, Prime minister (2022–2023)
• Nikolai Denkov, Prime minister (2023–2024)
• Dimitar Glavchev, Acting Prime minister (2024–present)

• Croatia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Stjepan Mesić, President (2000–2010)
• Ivo Josipović, President (2010–2015)
• Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović, President (2015–2020)
• Zoran Milanović, President (2020–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ivica Račan, Prime minister (2000–2003)
• Ivo Sanader, Prime minister (2003–2009)
• Jadranka Kosor, Prime minister (2009–2011)
• Zoran Milanović, Prime minister (2011–2016)
• Tihomir Orešković, Prime minister (2016)
• Andrej Plenković, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Greece: Third Republic

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, President (1995–2005)
• Karolos Papoulias, President (2005–2015)
• Prokopis Pavlopoulos, President (2015–2020)
• Katerina Sakellaropoulou, President (2020–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Costas Simitis, Prime minister (1996–2004)
• Kostas Karamanlis, Prime minister (2004–2009)
• George Papandreou, Prime minister (2009–2011)
• Lucas Papademos, Prime minister (2011–2012)
• Panagiotis Pikrammenos, Interim Prime minister (2012)
• Antonis Samaras, Prime minister (2012–2015)
• Alexis Tsipras, Prime minister (2015)
• Vassiliki Thanou-Christophilou, Interim Prime minister (2015)
• Alexis Tsipras, Prime minister (2015–2019)
• Kyriakos Mitsotakis, Prime minister (2019–2023)
• Ioannis Sarmas, Prime minister (2023)
• Kyriakos Mitsotakis, Prime minister (2023–present)

• UN-administered Kosovo

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ibrahim Rugova, President (2002–2006)
• Nexhat Daci, acting President (2006)
• Fatmir Sejdiu, President (2006–2010)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Bajram Rexhepi, Prime minister (2002–2004)
• Ramush Haradinaj, Prime minister (2004–2005)
• Adem Salihaj, acting Prime minister (2005)
• Bajram Kosumi, Prime minister (2005–2006)
• Agim Çeku, Prime minister (2006–2008)
• Hashim Thaçi, Prime minister (2008)

• Republic of Kosovo

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Fatmir Sejdiu, President (2008–2010)
• Jakup Krasniqi, Acting President (2010–2011)
• Behgjet Pacolli, President (2011)
• Jakup Krasniqi, Acting President (2011)
• Atifete Jahjaga, President (2011–2016)
• Hashim Thaçi, President (2016–2020)
• Vjosa Osmani, Acting President (2020–2021)
• Glauk Konjufca, Acting President (2021)
• Vjosa Osmani, President (2021–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Hashim Thaçi, Prime minister (2008–2014)
• Isa Mustafa, Prime minister (2014–2017)
• Ramush Haradinaj, Prime minister (2017–2020)
• Albin Kurti, Prime minister (2020)
• Avdullah Hoti, Prime minister (2020–2021)
• Albin Kurti, Prime minister (2021–present)

• Republic of Macedonia/North Macedonia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Boris Trajkovski, President (1999–2004)
• Branko Crvenkovski, President (2004–2009)
• Gjorge Ivanov, President (2009–2019)
• Stevo Pendarovski, President (2019–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ljubčo Georgievski, Prime minister (1998–2002)
• Branko Crvenkovski, Prime minister (2002–2004)
• Radmila Šekerinska, Acting Prime minister (2004)
• Hari Kostov, Prime minister (2004)
• Radmila Šekerinska, Acting Prime minister (2004)
• Vlado Bučkovski, Prime minister (2004–2006)
• Nikola Gruevski, Prime minister (2006–2016)
• Emil Dimitriev, Prime minister (2016–2017)
• Zoran Zaev, Prime minister (2017–2020)
• Oliver Spasovski, Prime minister (2020)
• Zoran Zaev, Prime minister (2020–2022)
• Dimitar Kovačevski, Prime minister (2022–2024)
• Talat Xhaferi, Prime minister (2024–present)

• Yugoslavia: Federal Republic of Yugoslavia/Serbia and Montenegro

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Vojislav Koštunica, President (2000–2003)
• Svetozar Marović, President (2003–2006)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Zoran Žižić, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Dragiša Pešić, Prime minister (2001–2003)

• Montenegro

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Filip Vujanović, President (2006–2018)
• Milo Đukanović, President (2018–2023)
• Jakov Milatović, President (2023–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Milo Đukanović, Prime minister (2006)
• Željko Šturanović, Prime minister (2006–2008)
• Milo Đukanović, Prime minister (2008–2010)
• Igor Lukšić, Prime minister (2010–2012)
• Milo Đukanović, Prime minister (2012–2016)
• Duško Marković, Prime minister (2016–2020)
• Zdravko Krivokapić, Prime minister (2020–2022)
• Dritan Abazovic, Prime minister (2022–2023)
• Milojko Spajić, Prime minister (2023–present)

• Romania

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ion Iliescu, President (2000–2004)
• Traian Băsescu, President (2004–2007)
• Nicolae Văcăroiu, Interim President (2007)
• Traian Băsescu, President (2007–2012)
• Crin Antonescu, Interim President (2012)
• Traian Băsescu, President (2012–2014)
• Klaus Iohannis, President (2014–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Adrian Năstase, Prime minister (2000–2004)
• Eugen Bejinariu, Interim Prime minister (2004)
• Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu, Prime minister (2004–2008)
• Emil Boc, Prime minister (2008–2012)
• Cătălin Predoiu, Interim Prime minister (2012)
• Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu, Prime minister (2012)
• Victor Ponta, Prime minister (2012–2015)
• Gabriel Oprea, Interim Prime minister (2015)
• Victor Ponta, Prime minister (2015)
• Sorin Cîmpeanu, Interim Prime minister (2015)
• Dacian Cioloș, Prime minister (2015–2017)
• Sorin Grindeanu, Prime minister (2017)
• Mihai Tudose, Prime minister (2017–2018)
• Mihai Fifor, Interim Prime minister (2018)
• Viorica Dăncilă, Prime minister (2018–2019)
• Ludovic Orban, Prime minister (2019–2020)
• Florin Cîțu, Prime minister (2020–2021)
• Nicolae Ciucă, Prime minister (2021–2023)
• Marcel Ciolacu, Prime minister (2023–present)

• Serbia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Boris Tadić, President (2004–2012)^[b]
• Slavica Đukić Dejanović, Acting President (2012)
• Tomislav Nikolić, President (2012–2017)
• Aleksandar Vučić, President (2017–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Vojislav Koštunica, Prime minister (2004–2008)^[c]
• Mirko Cvetković, Prime minister (2008–2012)
• Ivica Dačić, Prime minister (2012–2014)
• Aleksandar Vučić, Prime minister (2014–2017)
• Ivica Dačić, Acting Prime minister (2017)
• Ana Brnabić, Prime minister (2017–2024)
• Ivica Dačić, Acting Prime minister (2024–present)

• Slovenia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Milan Kučan, President (1991–2002)
• Janez Drnovšek, President (2002–2007)
• Danilo Türk, President (2007–2012)
• Borut Pahor, President (2012–2022)
• Nataša Pirc Musar, President (2022–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Janez Drnovšek, Prime minister (2000–2002)
• Anton Rop, Prime minister (2002–2004)
• Janez Janša, Prime minister (2004–2008)
• Borut Pahor, Prime minister (2008–2012)
• Janez Janša, Prime minister (2012–2013)
• Alenka Bratušek, Prime minister (2013–2014)
• Miro Cerar, Prime minister (2014–2018)
• Marjan Šarec, Prime minister (2018–2020)
• Janez Janša, Prime minister (2020–2022)
• Robert Golob, Prime minister (2022–present)

Europe: Baltic states edit

• Estonia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Lennart Meri, President (1992–2001)
• Arnold Rüütel, President (2001–2006)
• Toomas Hendrik Ilves, President (2006–2016)
• Kersti Kaljulaid, President (2016–2021)
• Alar Karis, President (2021–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mart Laar, Prime minister (1999–2002)
• Siim Kallas, Prime minister (2002–2003)
• Juhan Parts, Prime minister (2003–2005)
• Andrus Ansip, Prime minister (2005–2014)
• Taavi Rõivas, Prime minister (2014–2016)
• Jüri Ratas, Prime minister (2016–2021)
• Kaja Kallas, Prime minister (2021–present)

• Latvia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, President (1999–2007)
• Valdis Zatlers, President (2007–2011)
• Andris Bērziņš, President (2011–2015)
• Raimonds Vējonis, President (2015–2019)
• Egils Levits, President (2019–2023)
• Edgars Rinkēvičs, President (2023–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Andris Bērziņš, Prime minister (2000–2002)
• Einars Repše, Prime minister (2002–2004)
• Indulis Emsis, Prime minister (2004)
• Aigars Kalvītis, Prime minister (2004–2007)
• Ivars Godmanis, Prime minister (2007–2009)
• Valdis Dombrovskis, Prime minister (2009–2014)
• Laimdota Straujuma, Prime minister (2014–2016)
• Māris Kučinskis, Prime minister (2016–2019)
• Krišjānis Kariņš, Prime minister (2019–2023)
• Evika Siliņa, Prime minister (2023–present)

• Lithuania

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Valdas Adamkus, President (1998–2003)
• Rolandas Paksas, President (2003–2004)
• Artūras Paulauskas, Acting President (2004)
• Valdas Adamkus, President (2004–2009)
• Dalia Grybauskaitė, President (2009–2019)
• Gitanas Nausėda, President (2019–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Rolandas Paksas, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Eugenijus Gentvilas, Acting Prime minister (2001)
• Algirdas Brazauskas, Prime minister (2001–2006)
• Zigmantas Balčytis, Acting Prime minister (2006)
• Gediminas Kirkilas, Prime minister (2006–2008)
• Andrius Kubilius, Prime minister (2008–2012)
• Algirdas Butkevičius, Prime minister (2012–2016)
• Saulius Skvernelis, Prime minister (2016–2020)
• Ingrida Šimonytė, Prime minister (2020–present)

Europe: British Isles edit

• Republic of Ireland

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Mary McAleese, President (1997–2011)
• Michael D. Higgins, President (2011–present)

• Taoiseachs (complete list) –

• Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach (1997–2008)
• Brian Cowen, Taoiseach (2008–2011)
• Enda Kenny, Taoiseach (2011–2017)
• Leo Varadkar, Taoiseach (2017–2020)
• Micheál Martin, Taoiseach (2020–2022)
• Leo Varadkar, Taoiseach (2022–2024)
• Simon Harris, Taoiseach (2024–present)

• United Kingdom

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1952–2022)
• Charles III, King (2022–present)

• Prime Ministers (complete list) –

• Tony Blair, Prime Minister (1997–2007)
• Gordon Brown, Prime Minister (2007–2010)
• David Cameron, Prime Minister (2010–2016)
• Theresa May, Prime Minister (2016–2019)
• Boris Johnson, Prime Minister (2019–2022)
• Liz Truss, Prime Minister (2022)
• Rishi Sunak, Prime Minister (2022–present)

Europe: Central edit

• Austria

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Thomas Klestil, President (1992–2004)
• Heinz Fischer, President (2004–2016)
• Doris Bures, Karlheinz Kopf, Norbert Hofer, Joint Acting Presidents (2016–2017)
• Alexander Van der Bellen, President (2017–present)

• Chancellors (complete list) –

• Wolfgang Schüssel, Chancellor (2000–2007)
• Alfred Gusenbauer, Chancellor (2007–2008)
• Werner Faymann, Chancellor (2008–2016)
• Reinhold Mitterlehner, Acting Chancellor (2016)
• Christian Kern, Chancellor (2016–2017)
• Sebastian Kurz, Chancellor (2017–2019)
• Brigitte Bierlein, Chancellor (2019–2020)
• Sebastian Kurz, Chancellor (2020–2021)
• Alexander Schallenberg, Chancellor (2021)
• Karl Nehammer, Chancellor (2021–present)

• Czech Republic

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Václav Havel, President (1993–2003)
• Václav Klaus, President (2003–2013)
• Miloš Zeman, President (2013–2023)
• Petr Pavel, President (2023–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Miloš Zeman, Prime Minister (1998–2002)
• Vladimír Špidla, Prime Minister (2002–2004)
• Stanislav Gross, Prime Minister (2004–2005)
• Jiří Paroubek, Prime Minister (2005–2006)
• Mirek Topolánek, Prime Minister (2006–2009)
• Jan Fischer, Prime Minister (2009–2010)
• Petr Nečas, Prime Minister (2010–2013)
• Jiří Rusnok, Prime Minister (2013–2014)
• Bohuslav Sobotka, Prime Minister (2014–2017)
• Andrej Babiš, Prime Minister (2017–2021)
• Petr Fiala, Prime Minister (2021–present)

• Germany

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Johannes Rau, President (1999–2004)
• Horst Köhler, President (2004–2010)
• Christian Wulff, President (2010–2012)
• Joachim Gauck, President (2012–2017)
• Frank-Walter Steinmeier, President (2017–present)

• Chancellors (complete list) –

• Gerhard Schröder, Chancellor (1998–2005)
• Angela Merkel, Chancellor (2005–2021)
• Olaf Scholz, Chancellor (2021–present)

• Hungary

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ferenc Mádl, President (2000–2005)
• László Sólyom, President (2005–2010)
• Pál Schmitt, President (2010–2012)
• László Kövér, Acting President (2012)
• János Áder, President (2012–2022)
• Katalin Novák, President (2022–2024)
• László Kövér, Acting President (2024)
• Tamás Sulyok, President (2024–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Viktor Orbán, Prime minister (1998–2002)
• Péter Medgyessy, Prime minister (2002–2004)
• Ferenc Gyurcsány, Prime minister (2004–2009)
• Gordon Bajnai, Prime minister (2009–2010)
• Viktor Orbán, Prime minister (2010–present)

• Liechtenstein

• Sovereign Princes (complete list) –

• Hans-Adam II, Prince (1989–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mario Frick, Prime minister (1993–2001)
• Otmar Hasler, Prime minister (2001–2009)
• Klaus Tschütscher, Prime minister (2009–2013)
• Adrian Hasler, Prime minister (2013–2021)
• Daniel Risch, Prime minister (2021–present)

• Poland

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President (1995–2005)
• Lech Kaczyński, President (2005–2010)
• Bronisław Komorowski, Acting President (2010)
• Bogdan Borusewicz, Acting President (2010)
• Grzegorz Schetyna, Acting President (2010)
• Bronisław Komorowski, President (2010–2015)
• Andrzej Duda, President (2015–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Jerzy Buzek, Prime minister (1997–2001)
• Leszek Miller, Prime minister (2001–2004)
• Marek Belka, Prime minister (2004–2005)
• Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz, Prime minister (2005–2006)
• Jarosław Kaczyński, Prime minister (2006–2007)
• Donald Tusk, Prime minister (2007–2014)
• Ewa Kopacz, Prime minister (2014–2015)
• Beata Szydło, Prime minister (2015–2017)
• Mateusz Morawiecki, Prime minister (2017–2023)
• Donald Tusk, Prime minister (2023–present)

• Slovakia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Rudolf Schuster, President (1999–2004)
• Ivan Gašparovič, President (2004–2014)
• Andrej Kiska, President (2014–2019)
• Zuzana Čaputová, President (2019–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mikuláš Dzurinda, Prime minister (1998–2006)
• Robert Fico, Prime minister (2006–2010)
• Iveta Radičová, Prime minister (2010–2012)
• Robert Fico, Prime minister (2012–2018)
• Peter Pellegrini, Prime minister (2018–2020)
• Igor Matovič, Prime minister (2020–2021)
• Eduard Heger, Prime minister (2021–2023)
• Ľudovít Ódor, Prime minister (2023)
• Robert Fico, Prime minister (2023–present)

• Switzerland (complete list) –

• Moritz Leuenberger, President of the Confederation (2001)
• Kaspar Villiger, President of the Confederation (2002)
• Pascal Couchepin, President of the Confederation (2003)
• Joseph Deiss, President of the Confederation (2004)
• Samuel Schmid, President of the Confederation (2005)
• Moritz Leuenberger, President of the Confederation (2006)
• Micheline Calmy-Rey, President of the Confederation (2007)
• Pascal Couchepin, President of the Confederation (2008)
• Hans-Rudolf Merz, President of the Confederation (2009)
• Doris Leuthard, President of the Confederation (2010)
• Micheline Calmy-Rey, President of the Confederation (2011)
• Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf, President of the Confederation (2012)
• Ueli Maurer, President of the Confederation (2013)
• Didier Burkhalter, President of the Confederation (2014)
• Simonetta Sommaruga, President of the Confederation (2015)
• Johann Schneider-Ammann, President of the Confederation (2016)
• Doris Leuthard, President of the Confederation (2017)
• Alain Berset, President of the Confederation (2018)
• Ueli Maurer, President of the Confederation (2019)
• Simonetta Sommaruga, President of the Confederation (2020)
• Guy Parmelin, President of the Confederation (2021)
• Ignazio Cassis, President of the Confederation (2022)
• Alain Berset, President of the Confederation (2023)
• Viola Amherd, President of the Confederation (2024–present)

Europe: East edit

• Belarus

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Alexander Lukashenko, President (1994–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Vladimir Yermoshin, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Gennady Novitsky, Prime minister (2001–2003)
• Sergei Sidorsky, Prime minister (2003–2010)
• Mikhail Myasnikovich, Prime minister (2010–2014)
• Andrei Kobyakov, Prime minister (2014–2018)
• Syarhey Rumas, Prime minister (2018–2020)
• Roman Golovchenko, Prime minister (2020–present)

• Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (complete list) –

• Abdul-Halim Sadulayev, President (2005–2006)
• Dokka Umarov, President (2006–2007)

• Moldova

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Petru Lucinschi, President (1997–2001)
• Vladimir Voronin, President (2001–2009)
• Mihai Ghimpu, Acting President (2009–2010)
• Vlad Filat, Acting President (2010)
• Marian Lupu, Acting President (2010–2012)
• Nicolae Timofti, President (2012–2016)
• Igor Dodon, President (2016–2020)
• Maia Sandu, President (2020–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Dumitru Braghiș, Prime minister (1999–2001)
• Vasile Tarlev, Prime minister (2001–2008)
• Zinaida Greceanîi, Prime minister (2008–2009)
• Vitalie Pîrlog, Acting Prime minister (2009)
• Vlad Filat, Prime minister (2009–2013)
• Iurie Leancă, Prime minister (2013–2015)
• Chiril Gaburici, Prime minister (2015)
• Natalia Gherman, Acting Prime minister (2015)
• Valeriu Streleț, Prime minister (2015)
• Gheorghe Brega, Acting Prime minister (2015–2016)
• Pavel Filip, Prime minister (2016–2019)
• Maia Sandu, Prime minister (2019)
• Ion Chicu, Prime minister (2019–2021)
• Aureliu Ciocoi, Acting Prime minister (2021)
• Natalia Gavrilița, Prime minister (2021–2023)
• Dorin Recean, Prime minister (2023–present)

• Russia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Vladimir Putin, Acting President (1999–2000), President (2000–2008)
• Dmitry Medvedev, President (2008–2012)
• Vladimir Putin, President (2012–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mikhail Kasyanov, Prime minister (2000–2004)
• Viktor Khristenko, Acting Prime minister (2004)
• Mikhail Fradkov, Prime minister (2004–2007)
• Viktor Zubkov, Prime minister (2007–2008)
• Vladimir Putin, Prime minister (2008–2012)
• Viktor Zubkov, Prime minister (2012)
• Dmitry Medvedev, Prime minister (2012–2020)
• Mikhail Mishustin, Prime minister (2020–present)

• Transnistria

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Igor Smirnov, Chairman of the Republic (1991), President (1991–2011)
• Yevgeny Shevchuk, President (2011–2016)
• Vadim Krasnoselsky, President (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Pyotr Stepanov, Prime minister (2012–2013)
• Tatiana Turanskaya, Prime minister (2013–2015)
• Maija Parnas, Acting Prime Minister (2015)
• Tatiana Turanskaya, Prime minister (2015)
• Maija Parnas, Acting Prime Minister (2015)
• Pavel Prokudin, Prime minister (2015–2016)
• Aleksandr Martynov, Prime minister (2016–2022)
• Aleksandr Rozenberg, Prime minister (2022–present)

• Ukraine

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Leonid Kuchma, President (1994–2005)
• Viktor Yushchenko, President (2005–2010)
• Viktor Yanukovych, President (2010–2014)
• Oleksandr Turchynov, Acting President (2014)
• Petro Poroshenko, President (2014–2019)
• Volodymyr Zelenskyy, President (2019–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Viktor Yushchenko, Prime minister (1999–2001)
• Anatoliy Kinakh, Prime minister (2001–2002)
• Viktor Yanukovych, Prime minister (2002–2004)
• Mykola Azarov, Acting Prime minister (2004)
• Viktor Yanukovych, Prime minister (2004–2005)
• Mykola Azarov, Acting Prime minister (2005)
• Yulia Tymoshenko, Prime minister (2005)
• Yuriy Yekhanurov, Prime minister (2005–2006)
• Viktor Yanukovych, Prime minister (2006–2007)
• Yulia Tymoshenko, Prime minister (2007–2010)
• Oleksandr Turchynov, Acting Prime minister (2010)
• Mykola Azarov, Prime minister (2010–2014)
• Serhiy Arbuzov, Acting Prime minister (2014)
• Oleksandr Turchynov, Acting Prime minister (2014)
• Arseniy Yatsenyuk, Prime minister (2014–2016)
• Volodymyr Groysman, Prime minister (2016–2019)
• Oleksiy Honcharuk, Prime minister (2019–2020)
• Denys Shmyhal, Prime minister (2020–present)

Europe: Nordic edit

• Denmark

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Margrethe II, Queen (1972–2024)
• Frederik X, King (2024–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, Prime minister (1993–2001)
• Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Prime minister (2001–2009)
• Lars Løkke Rasmussen, Prime minister (2009–2011)
• Helle Thorning-Schmidt, Prime minister (2011–2015)
• Lars Løkke Rasmussen, Prime minister (2015–2019)
• Mette Frederiksen, Prime minister (2019–present)

• Finland

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Tarja Halonen, President (2000–2012)
• Sauli Niinistö, President (2012–2024)
• Alexander Stubb, President (2024–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Paavo Lipponen, Prime minister (1995–2003)
• Anneli Jäätteenmäki, Prime minister (2003)
• Matti Vanhanen, Prime minister (2003–2010)
• Mari Kiviniemi, Prime minister (2010–2011)
• Jyrki Katainen, Prime minister (2011–2014)
• Alexander Stubb, Prime minister (2014–2015)
• Juha Sipilä, Prime minister (2015–2019)
• Antti Rinne, Prime minister (2019)
• Sanna Marin, Prime minister (2019–2023)
• Petteri Orpo, Prime minister (2023–present)

• Iceland

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, President (1996–2016)
• Guðni Th. Jóhannesson, President (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Davíð Oddsson, Prime minister (1991–2004)
• Halldór Ásgrímsson, Prime minister (2004–2006)
• Geir Haarde, Prime minister (2006–2009)
• Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir, Prime minister (2009–2013)
• Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson, Prime minister (2013–2016)
• Sigurður Ingi Jóhannsson, Prime minister (2016–2017)
• Bjarni Benediktsson, Prime minister (2017)
• Katrín Jakobsdóttir, Prime minister (2017–2024)
• Bjarni Benediktsson, Prime minister (2024–present)

• Norway

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Harald V, King (1991–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Jens Stoltenberg, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Kjell Magne Bondevik, Prime minister (2001–2005)
• Jens Stoltenberg, Prime minister (2005–2013)
• Erna Solberg, Prime minister (2013–2021)
• Jonas Gahr Støre, Prime minister (2021–present)

• Sweden

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Carl XVI Gustaf, King (1973–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Göran Persson, Prime minister (1996–2006)
• Fredrik Reinfeldt, Prime minister (2006–2014)
• Stefan Löfven, Prime minister (2014–2021)
• Magdalena Andersson, Prime minister (2021–2022)
• Ulf Kristersson, Prime minister (2022–present)

Europe: Southcentral edit

• Italy

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, President (1999–2006)
• Giorgio Napolitano, President (2006–2015)
• Sergio Mattarella, President (2015–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Giuliano Amato, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Silvio Berlusconi, Prime minister (2001–2006)
• Romano Prodi, Prime minister (2006–2008)
• Silvio Berlusconi, Prime minister (2008–2011)
• Mario Monti, Prime minister (2011–2013)
• Enrico Letta, Prime minister (2013–2014)
• Matteo Renzi, Prime minister (2014–2016)
• Paolo Gentiloni, Prime minister (2016–2018)
• Giuseppe Conte, Prime Minister (2018–2021)
• Mario Draghi, Prime Minister (2021–2022)
• Giorgia Meloni, Prime Minister (2022–present)

• Malta

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Guido de Marco, President (1999–2004)
• Eddie Fenech Adami, President (2004–2009)
• George Abela, President (2009–2014)
• Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca, President (2014–2019)
• George Vella, President (2019–2024)
• Myriam Spiteri Debono, President (2024–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime minister (1998–2004)
• Lawrence Gonzi, Prime minister (2004–2013)
• Joseph Muscat, Prime minister (2013–2020)
• Robert Abela, Prime minister (2020–present)

• San Marino

• Captains Regent (1900–present) –

• Gianfranco Terenzi, Enzo Colombini, Captains Regent (2000–2001)
• Luigi Lonfernini, Fabio Berardi, Captains Regent (2001)
• Alberto Cecchetti, Gino Giovagnoli, Captains Regent (2001–2002)
• Antonio Lazzaro Volpinari, Giovanni Francesco Ugolini, Captains Regent (2002)
• Mauro Chiaruzzi, Giuseppe Maria Morganti, Captains Regent (2002–2003)
• Pier Marino Menicucci, Giovanni Giannoni, Captains Regent (2003)
• Giovanni Lonfernini, Valeria Ciavatta, Captains Regent (2003–2004)
• Paolo Bollini, Marino Riccardi, Captains Regent (2004)
• Giuseppe Arzilli, Roberto Raschi, Captains Regent (2004–2005)
• Fausta Morganti, Cesare Gasperoni, Captains Regent (2005)
• Claudio Muccioli, Antonello Bacciocchi, Captains Regent (2005–2006)
• Gianfranco Terenzi, Loris Francini, Captains Regent (2006)
• Antonio Carattoni, Roberto Giorgetti, Captains Regent (2006–2007)
• Alessandro Mancini, Alessandro Rossi, Captains Regent (2007)
• Mirko Tomassoni, Alberto Selva, Captains Regent (2007–2008)
• Rosa Zafferani, Federico Pedini Amati, Captains Regent (2008)
• Ernesto Benedettini, Assunta Meloni, Captains Regent (2008–2009)
• Oscar Mina, Massimo Cenci, Captains Regent (2009)
• Stefano Palmieri, Francesco Mussoni , Captains Regent (2009–2010)
• Marco Conti, Glauco Sansovini, Captains Regent (2010)
• Giovanni Francesco Ugolini, Andrea Zafferani, Captains Regent (2010–2011)
• Maria Luisa Berti, Filippo Tamagnini, Captains Regent (2011)
• Gabriele Gatti, Matteo Fiorini, Captains Regent (2011–2012)
• Italo Righi, Maurizio Rattini, Captains Regent (2012)
• Teodoro Lonfernini, Denise Bronzetti, Captains Regent (2012–2013)
• Antonella Mularoni, Denis Amici, Captains Regent (2013)
• Gian Carlo Capicchioni, Anna Maria Muccioli, Captains Regent (2013–2014)
• Valeria Ciavatta, Luca Beccari, Captains Regent (2014)
• Gianfranco Terenzi, Guerrino Zanotti, Captains Regent (2014–2015)
• Andrea Belluzzi, Roberto Venturini, Captains Regent (2015)
• Lorella Stefanelli, Nicola Renzi, Captains Regent (2015–2016)
• Massimo Andrea Ugolini, Gian Nicola Berti, Captains Regent (2016)
• Marino Riccardi, Fabio Berardi, Captains Regent (2016–2017)
• Mimma Zavoli, Vanessa D'Ambrosio, Captains Regent (2017)
• Enrico Carattoni, Matteo Fiorini, Captains Regent (2017–2018)
• Stefano Palmieri, Matteo Ciacci, Captains Regent (2018)
• Mirko Tomassoni, Luca Santolini, Captains Regent (2018–2019)
• Nicola Selva, Michele Muratori, Captains Regent (2019)
• Luca Boschi, Mariella Mularoni, Captains Regent (2019–2020)
• Alessandro Mancini, Grazia Zafferani, Captains Regent (2020)
• Alessandro Cardelli, Mirko Dolcini, Captains Regent (2020–2021)
• Gian Carlo Venturini, Marco Nicolini, Captains Regent (2021)
• Francesco Mussoni, Giacomo Simoncini, Captains Regent (2021–2022)
• Oscar Mina, Paolo Rondelli, Captains Regent (2022)
• Maria Luisa Berti, Manuel Ciavatta, Captains Regent (2022–2023)
• Alessandro Scarano, Adele Tonnini, Captains Regent (2023)
• Filippo Tamagnini, Gaetano Troina, Captains Regent (2023–2024)
• Milena Gasperoni, Alessandro Rossi, Captains Regent (2024–present)

• Vatican City

• Sovereign (complete list) –

• John Paul II, Sovereign (1978–2005)
• Benedict XVI, Sovereign (2005–2013)
• Francis, Sovereign (2013–present)

• President of the Governorate (complete list) –

• Edmund Szoka, President of the Governorate (1997–2006)
• Giovanni Lajolo, President of the Governorate (2006–2011)
• Giuseppe Bertello, President of the Governorate (2011–2021)
• Fernando Vérgez Alzaga, President of the Governorate (2021–present)

Europe: Southwest edit

• Andorra

• Episcopal Co-Princes (complete list) –

• Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince (1971–2003)
• Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Episcopal Co-Prince (2003–present)

• French Co-Princes (complete list) –

• Jacques Chirac, French Co-Prince (1995–2007)
• Nicolas Sarkozy, French Co-Prince (2007–2012)
• François Hollande, French Co-Prince (2012–2017)
• Emmanuel Macron, French Co-Prince (2017–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Marc Forné Molné, Prime minister (1994–2005)
• Albert Pintat, Prime minister (2005–2009)
• Jaume Bartumeu, Prime minister (2009–2011)
• Pere López Agràs, Acting Prime minister (2011)
• Antoni Martí, Prime minister (2011–2019)
• Xavier Espot, Prime minister (2019–present)

• Portugal

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Jorge Sampaio, President (1996–2006)
• Aníbal Cavaco Silva, President (2006–2016)
• Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, President (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• António Guterres, Prime minister (1995–2002)
• José Manuel Barroso, Prime minister (2002–2004)
• Pedro Santana Lopes, Prime minister (2004–2005)
• José Sócrates, Prime minister (2005–2011)
• Pedro Passos Coelho, Prime minister (2011–2015)
• António Costa, Prime minister (2015–2024)
• Luis Montenegro, Prime minister (2024–present)

• Kingdom of Spain

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Juan Carlos I, King (1975–2014)
• Felipe VI, King (2014–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• José María Aznar, Prime minister (1996–2004)
• José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, Prime minister (2004–2011)
• Mariano Rajoy, Prime minister (2011–2018)
• Pedro Sánchez, Prime Minister (2018–present)

Europe: West edit

• Belgium

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Albert II, King (1993–2013)
• Philippe, King (2013–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Guy Verhofstadt, Prime minister (1999–2008)
• Yves Leterme, Prime minister (2008)
• Herman Van Rompuy, Prime minister (2008–2009)
• Yves Leterme, Prime minister (2009–2011)
• Elio Di Rupo, Prime minister (2011–2014)
• Charles Michel, Prime minister (2014–2019)
• Sophie Wilmès, Prime minister (2019–2020)
• Alexander De Croo, Prime minister (2020–present)

• France: French Fifth Republic

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Jacques Chirac, President (1995–2007)
• Nicolas Sarkozy, President (2007–2012)
• François Hollande, President (2012–2017)
• Emmanuel Macron, President (2017–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Lionel Jospin, Prime minister (1997–2002)
• Jean-Pierre Raffarin, Prime minister (2002–2005)
• Dominique de Villepin, Prime minister (2005–2007)
• François Fillon, Prime minister (2007–2012)
• Jean-Marc Ayrault, Prime minister (2012–2014)
• Manuel Valls, Prime minister (2014–2016)
• Bernard Cazeneuve, Prime minister (2016–2017)
• Édouard Philippe, Prime minister (2017–2020)
• Jean Castex, Prime minister (2020–2022)
• Élisabeth Borne, Prime minister (2022–2024)
• Gabriel Attal, Prime minister (2024–present)

• Luxembourg

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Henri, Grand Duke (2000–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime minister (1995–2013)
• Xavier Bettel, Prime minister (2013–2023)
• Luc Frieden, Prime minister (2023–present)