List of wars involving Georgia (country)

Summary

This is a list of wars involving Georgia and its predecessor states. The list gives the name, the date, the combatants, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:

  Georgian victory
  Georgian defeat
  Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result,
status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive)
  Ongoing conflict

Colchis and Iberia edit

Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
720s BC Scytho-Cimmerian invasion of Colchis Colchis Scythians
Cimmerians
Defeat
65 BC Pompey's campaign of Georgia   Kingdom of Iberia
Colchis
  Roman Republic Defeat
  • Vassalization of Iberia
  • Annexation of Colchis
35-54 Iberian–Armenian War   Kingdom of Iberia
  Roman Empire (35-50, 52-54)
  Kingdom of Armenia
Parthian Empire
  Roman Empire (50-51)
Inconclusive
58-63 Roman–Parthian War of 58–63   Roman Empire
Sophene
Lesser Armenia
  Kingdom of Iberia
Commagene
Kingdom of Pontus
  Kingdom of Armenia
Parthian Empire
Defeat

Early Medieval fragmentation edit

Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
526-532 Iberian War   Byzantine Empire
  Kingdom of Iberia
  Ghassanids
Huns
Heruli
Kingdom of Aksum
Kingdom of Kinda
  Sasanian Empire
Lakhmid kingdom
Sabirs
Inconclusive
541-562 Lazic War   Byzantine Empire
Lazica (548-562)
  Sasanian Empire
Lazica (541-548)
Inconclusive[1]
602-628 Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628   Sasanian Empire
Avars (and Slavic allies)
  Sasanian Iberia
Jewish and Samaritan rebels (c. 614)
Lakhmids
Lombards
Visigoths
  Byzantine Empire
Western Turkic Khaganate
Ghassanids
Defeat
735-737 Umayyad invasion of Georgia   Principality of Iberia
  Kingdom of Abkhazia
Umayyad Caliphate Defeat
914 Sajid invasion of Georgia   Kingdom of the Iberians
Principality of Kakheti
  Kingdom of Abkhazia
Sajid dynasty The Sajids withdraw from Georgia
993-998 David III's campaigns against the Muslims   Kingdom of the Iberians
  Bagratid Armenia
Marwanids
Rawadid dynasty
Victory

Kingdom of Georgia edit

Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
1014-1022 Byzantine–Georgian war (1014-1022)[2]   Kingdom of Georgia
  Bagratid Armenia
Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti
  Byzantine Empire Defeat
1028 Byzantine–Georgian war (1028)   Kingdom of Georgia   Byzantine Empire Byzantine–Georgian treaty of 1031
1033-1058 Georgian civil war of 1033-1058   Kingdom of Georgia
Varangians
  Demetrius of Anacopia (1033-1042)
Liparit IV of Kldekari (1039-1060)
  Byzantine Empire
Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti
Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget
Bagrat IV was recognized as king
1064-1068 Alp Arslan's invasions of Georgia   Kingdom of Georgia Seljuk Empire
Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti
Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget
Emirate of Tbilisi
Shaddadids
Defeat
1204-1206 Georgian campaigns of Ahlatshahs [ka][3]   Kingdom of Georgia Shah-Armens Victory
1208-1210 Ayyubid–Georgian wars [ka][4]   Kingdom of Georgia   Ayyubid Empire Inconclusive
1209-1211 Georgian campaign against the Eldiguzids   Kingdom of Georgia Eldiguzids Victory
  • The Eldiguzids became vassals of Georgia
1048-1213 Georgian–Seljuk wars   Kingdom of Georgia Seljuk Empire

  Sultanate of Rum

Victory
1225-1228 Jalal al-Din's invasions of Georgia [ka][5]   Kingdom of Georgia Khwarazmian Empire Defeat
1220-1236 Mongol invasions of Georgia   Kingdom of Georgia Mongol Empire Defeat
1302-1303 Azat Mousa's invasion of Georgia   Principality of Samtskhe   Sultanate of Rum Victory
14th century Vameq's invasion of Jiketi[6][citation needed][failed verification]   Duchy of Mingrelia Kingdom of Zichia Victory
1386-1403 Timurid invasions of Georgia   Kingdom of Georgia   Timurid Empire Defeat
1405 George's campaign against the Timurids[7]   Kingdom of Georgia   Timurid Empire Victory
1407-1502 Turkoman invasions of Georgia   Kingdom of Georgia
Shirvanshah
  Safavid Empire (1502)
Qara Qoyunlu (1407-1468)
Aq Qoyunlu (1468-1502)
Victory
  • End of invasions against Georgia and consolidation of Safavids in Persia
1463-1493 Georgian civil war of 1463–1491 [Fr]   Kingdom of Georgia
  Duchy of Mingrelia
  Kingdom of Imereti
  Principality of Samtskhe
  Principality of Mingrelia
  Principality of Guria
  Principality of Svaneti
  Principality of Abkhazia

  Kingdom of Kakheti

Fall of Kingdom of Georgia

Kingdoms and principalities edit

Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
1533 Mamia's invasion of Jiketi[8][citation needed][failed verification]   Principality of Mingrelia
  Principality of Guria
Kingdom of Zichia Defeat
  • The allies won the first battle, but the Circassians defeated the allies in the second battle
1547 Ottoman invasion of Guria[citation needed]   Principality of Guria   Ottoman Empire Defeat
1541-1566 Tahmasp I's campaigns in Kartili and Kakheti   Kingdom of Kakheti
  Kingdom of Kartli
  Safavid Iran Defeat
1578-1590 Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590)   Safavid Iran
  Kingdom of Kartli (1578-1588)
  Kingdom of Kakheti (1578)
  Principality of Samtskhe (1578, 1582–1587)
  Principality of Guria (1583-1587)
  Ottoman Empire
  Crimean Khanate
  Kingdom of Imereti
  Principality of Guria (1578-1583, after 1587)
  Principality of Mingrelia
  Principality of Samtskhe (1578-1582)
Shaybanids
Ottoman victory
1603-1612 Ottoman–Safavid war (1603–1612)   Safavid Iran   Ottoman Empire Victory
1614-1617 Abbas I's Kakhetian and Kartlian campaigns   Kingdom of Kakheti
  Kingdom of Kartli
  Safavid Iran Defeat
1623-1658 War of the Kingdom of Imereti (1623-1658) [fr]   Kingdom of Imereti
Salipartiano (from 1657)
  Principality of Mingrelia
  Principality of Guria
  Principality of Abkhazia
  Kingdom of Kartli
  Childir Eyalet
Imeretian victory
  • Imereti restores hegemony over western Georgia
1703 Ottoman invasion of western Georgia   Ottoman Empire   Kingdom of Imereti
  Principality of Guria
  Principality of Mingrelia
Victory
1722-1723 Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)   Russian Empire
  Ukrainian Cossacks
  Kingdom of Kartli
  Safavid Iran Victory
1730-1735 Ottoman–Persian War (1730–1735)   Safavid Iran

  Shamkhalate of Tarki (from 1734)

  Ottoman Empire Victory
1738-40 Nader Shah's invasion of India[9][10]   Afsharid Empire
  Kingdom of Kakheti
  Mughal Empire
  Hyderabad State
  Oudh
Victory
1768-1774 Russo-Turkish War (1768–74)   Russian Empire

  Greek insurgents
  Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
  Kingdom of Imereti

  Ottoman Empire Victory
1796 Russo-Persian War of 1796   Russian Empire
  Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
Qajar Iran Russian withdrawal
  • Tactical Russian victory
  • Strategic Persian victory
1806-1812 Russo-Turkish War (1806–12)   Russian Empire
  Principality of Mingrelia
  Principality of Guria
  Principality of Abkhazia (1810-1812)
Wallachia
  Ottoman Empire
  Crimean Khanate
  Principality of Abkhazia (1808-1810)
Victory
1828-1829 Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)   Russian Empire

  Principality of Mingrelia
  Principality of Guria
  Principality of Svaneti
  Principality of Abkhazia
Supported by:
  France
  United Kingdom

  Ottoman Empire Victory
1853-1856 The Caucasus front of the Crimean War   Russian Empire

  Principality of Mingrelia
  Principality of Abkhazia (1853-1855)

  Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire
  Principality of Abkhazia (1855-1856)
The victory at the front, but the defeat of Russia in the war[citation needed]
1722-1864 Russo-Circassian War   Russian Empire   Circassian Confederation
  Kabardia (East Circassia) (until 1822)
Victory
1817-1864 Caucasian War   Russian Empire   Circassian Confederation
  Caucasian Imamate
Vicotry
1877-1878 Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)   Russian Empire   Ottoman Empire Victory
1914-1918 World War I Allied Powers Central Powers Allied victory

Georgian Democratic Republic edit

Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
1914-1918 Caucasus Campaign   Russian Empire (1914–17)

  United Kingdom (1918)
  Armenia
(1918)

  Central Caspian Dictatorship (1918)


  Russian SFSR (1918)
  Baku Commune (1918)

  Ottoman Empire

  Azerbaijan (1918)
  Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (1918)
  German Empire (1914–17)


  German Empire (1918)
  Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918)

Compromise
1918 Abkhazia conflict (1918)   Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
  Democratic Republic of Georgia
Supported by:
  German Empire
  Abkhaz Bolsheviks
Supported by:
  Russian SFSR

  Ottoman Empire

Victory
1918-1919 Sochi conflict   Democratic Republic of Georgia   Russian SFSR

  White movement

Inconclusive
1918 Armeno-Georgian War   Democratic Republic of Georgia   First Republic of Armenia Inconclusive
  • With the intervention of Great Britain, a truce was concluded between Armenia and Georgia.
1918-1920 Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920)   Democratic Republic of Georgia   Ossetian Bolsheviks
Supported by:
  Russian SFSR
Victory
  • All Ossetian uprisings were suppressed by Georgians
1921 Red Army invasion of Georgia   Democratic Republic of Georgia   Russian SFSR

  Ankara Government

Defeat

Georgian SSR edit

Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
1941-1945 World War II Allies Axis Allied victory
1979-1989 Soviet–Afghan War   Soviet Union

  Afghanistan

  Peshawar Seven
  Tehran Eight
Defeat

Republic of Georgia edit

Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
1991-1993 Georgian Civil War   Pro-Gamsakhurdia forces

Supported by:
  Chechen Republic of Ichkeria

  Pro-Shevardnadze forces

  Russia (since October 1993)

Shevardnadze's victory
  • Gamsakhurdia government expunged
1991-1992 South Ossetian war   Georgia   South Ossetia
  Russia
Defeat
1992-1993 War in Abkhazia   Georgia

  UNA-UNSO "Argo"

  Abkhazia

  Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus
  Russia

Defeat
1998 War in Abkhazia (1998)   White Legion
  Forest Brotherhood
  Abkhazia Defeat
2008 Russo-Georgian War   Georgia   Russia
  South Ossetia
  Abkhazia
Defeat
2003-2011 Iraq War   United States
  Iraq
  United Kingdom
  South Korea
  Italy
  Poland
  Australia
  Georgia
  Ukraine
  Estonia
  Netherlands
  Spain
  Denmark
  MNF–I INC
  New Iraqi Army
  KDP
  PUK
  Turkey (Political Support)
  Iraq
  Ba'ath Loyalists
  SCJL
  Naqshbandi Army
  Islamic State of Iraq
  Al-Qaeda
  Mahdi Army
  Special Groups
  Badr Brigades
Victory
2001–2021 War in Afghanistan   Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

Advisers, Non-combat support, & Counter-terrorism operations:

  Resolute Support

  Taliban

  al-Qaeda
  Haqqani network
  Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin
  United Tajik Opposition

Defeat

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Leppin, Hartmut (2021). "The Eastern Roman Empire and Its Neighbours in the "Age of Justinian" – An Overview". In Meier, Mischa; Montinaro, Federico (eds.). A Companion to Procopius of Caesarea. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. p. 13. ISBN 978-90-04-49877-8. After 545 truces brought peace to most of the border regions, but the war lingered in the Caucasus until 561, when Khosrow and Justinian finally agreed to a fifty-year peace. There was no definite victor, but the Sasanian Empire was in a slightly better position as Rome was obliged to pay a fixed sum to Persia each year.
  2. ^ Suny 1994, p. 33.
  3. ^ Lordkipanidze & Hewitt 1987, p. 135.
  4. ^ Humphreys 1977, pp. 130–131.
  5. ^ Mikaberidze 2015, pp. 19.
  6. ^ Beradze, Tamaz (1983). "Vameq I Dadiani". Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia (in Georgian). Vol. 4. Tbilisi: Metsniereba. p. 287.
  7. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 152.
  8. ^ Beradze, Tamaz (1983). "Mamia III Dadiani". Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia (in Georgian). Vol. 6. Tbilisi: Metsniereba. p. 396.
  9. ^ David Marshall Lang. Russia and the Armenians of Transcaucasia, 1797–1889: a documentary record Columbia University Press, 1957 (digitalised March 2009, originally from the University of Michigan) p. 142.
  10. ^ Valeri Silogava, Kakha Shengelia. "History of Georgia: From the Ancient Times Through the "Rose Revolution" Caucasus University Publishing House, 2007 ISBN 978-9994086160 pp. 158, 278.
  11. ^ Cornell 2002, p. 141.
  12. ^ Cornell 2002, p. 188.

References edit

  • Kaegi, Walter Emil (2003), Heraclius: Emperor of Byzantium, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-81459-1.
  • Mitchell, Colin P., ed. (2011). New Perspectives on Safavid Iran: Empire and Society. Milton Park, UK: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-4157-7462-8. LCCN 2010032352.
  • Suny, Ronald Grigor (1994). The Making of the Georgian Nation. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-20915-3.
  • Minorsky, Vladimir (1953). Studies in Caucasian History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521057356.
  • Humphreys, R. Stephen (1977). From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193–1260. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-263-4.
  • Mikaberidze, Alexander (2015). Historical Dictionary of Georgia. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9781442241466.
  • Rayfield, Donald (2012). Edge of Empires, a History of Georgia. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-78023-070-2.
  • Brosset, Marie-Félicité (1849). Histoire de la Géorgie depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siècle. Volume I [History of Georgia from Ancient Times to the 19th Century, Volume 1] (in French). Saint-Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences.
  • Woods, John E. (1999). The Aqquyunlu: Clan, Confederation, Empire (Revised and Expanded ed.). University of Utah Press. ISBN 978-0874805659.
  • Kvachantiradze, Eka (2012). "Urdure" (PDF). Caucasus in Georgian Sources: Foreign States, Tribes, Historical Figures. Encyclopedical Dictionary. Tbilisi: Favorite. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-20.
  • Minorsky, V. (1993). "Tiflis". In Houtsma, M. Th.; van Donzel, E. (eds.). E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936. Brill. ISBN 90-04-08265-4.
  • Cornell, Svante E. (2002). Autonomy and Conflict: Ethnoterritoriality and Separatism in the South Caucasus: Cases in Georgia (PDF). Uppsala: Uppsala University. ISBN 91-506-1600-5. OCLC 50053064. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 June 2007.
  • Zardabli, Ismail Bey (2014). The History of Azerbaijan From Ancient Times to the Present Day. Lulu.com. ISBN 9781291971316.
  • Anchabadze, George (2001). Vainakhs (The Chechen and Ingush). Tbilisi: Caucasian House. pp. 1–76.
  • Rapp, Stephen H. (2003). Studies In Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts And Eurasian Contexts. Peeters Bvba. ISBN 90-429-1318-5.
  • Hakobyan, T῾ (1971). Erewani patmut῾yunə (1500—1800 t῾t῾.) [History of Yerevan (1500–1800)] (in Armenian). Erewani hamalsarani hratarakč῾ut῾yun. OCLC 582481141.
  • Lordkipanidze, Mariam Davydovna; Hewitt, George B. (1987). Georgia in the XI–XII Centuries. Tbilisi: Ganatleba Publishers.