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List of wars involving Indonesia

Summary

The following is a list of wars involving Indonesia.

Conflict or action Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Outcome
Indonesian National Revolution
(1945–1949) 		 Indonesia

Supported by:

 Australia (after 1946)[1]

 United States (from 1949)[2]

India (after 1947)[3]

 Netherlands

 United Kingdom (until 1946)

Japan (until 1946)

Supported by:

 Australia (until 1946)

Internal Conflict:

Darul Islam
People's Democratic Front

Indonesian independence from the Netherlands.
Darul Islam rebellion
(1949–1962) 		 Indonesia Islamic State of Indonesia
Legion of the Just Ruler 		Rebellion suppressed
Invasion of Ambon
(1950) 		 Indonesia Republic of South Maluku Indonesian government victory
Operation Trikora
(1961–1962) 		 Indonesia  Netherlands Indonesian government victory
Cross border attacks in Sabah
(1962–present) 		 Malaysia

 Philippines (after 1986)[7]

 Indonesia[8]

 Vietnam[9]

 Singapore[10]

 Thailand[11]

Supported by:

 Australia (1963–66)

 New Zealand (1963–66)

 United Kingdom (until 1966)

 Brunei[12][13][14][15][16]

Bangsamoro militias:

Moro Islamic Liberation Front[17]
Moro National Liberation Front[18][19]

Abu Sayyaf
Moro Pirates
 Sulu Sultanate (Jamalul Kiram III faction) (2013–present)

Operation Merdeka supporter:

Government of the Philippines (until 1986)

Bangsamoro Republik (2013)[20]

 • Moro National Liberation Front (Nur Misuari faction) (2001–2015)[21][22][23]

Ongoing
Papua conflict
(1962–present) 		 Indonesia

Supported by:

 Papua New Guinea[24][25]

 Fiji[26]

 Australia[27][28][29]

 Soviet Union (1962‒1964)

 United Kingdom

 United States

Free Papua Movement

ULMWP[34]

Supported by:

Libya Libya (c.1987–2011)[35]

 Vanuatu[36]

 Marshall Islands[37]

 Nauru[37]

 Palau[37]

 Tonga[38]

 Solomon Islands[39]

Republic of West Melanesia (until 1988) 		Ongoing
Indonesia–Malaysia Confrontation
(1963–1966) 		 Indonesia
Aligned parties:

PKI

NKCP[40][41]

PRB[43]

Supported by:

 China[44][45]

 Philippines[46]

 Soviet Union[47][48]

 North Vietnam

Malayan Communist Party

The Commonwealth of Nations

Supported by:

 United States[49]

 Canada[50][51]

Commonwealth victory; Indonesian withdrawal of support[52]
Indonesian invasion of East Timor
(1975–1976) 		 Indonesia
Aligned parties: 		East Timor Indonesian government victory
Indonesian occupation of East Timor
(1976–1999) 		 Indonesia
Indonesia Pro-Indonesian militias 		 East Timor UN Intervention led by the International Force for East Timor
Insurgency in Aceh
(1976–2005) 		 Indonesia

Supported by:

 United States[57]

Free Aceh Movement

Supported by:

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya[58]

Peaceful conclusion to conflict; Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding
  • Special autonomy granted to Aceh
  • Disarmament of the GAM
  • End of GAM's claim of independence
  • Departure of non-local Indonesian troops, leaving only 25,000 soldiers in the province
War on Terror in Indonesia
(1981–present) 		 Indonesia Islamist groups:

NII remnants

Laskar Jihad (2000–2002)

Jemaah Islamiyah

Jamaah Ansharusy Syariah

Jamaah Ansharut Daulah[63][64][65]

Turkistan Islamic Party (2014–2016)[69]

Separatists:

Free Aceh Movement (1976–2005)

Free Papua Organization

Ongoing

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ claimed neutrality
  2. ^ Before Federation, the three separate entities Malaya, Sarawak, and North Borneo participated independently
  3. ^ Expulsion from Malaysia
  4. ^ Clashed with JI leaders on strategy and tactics. Later pledged allegiance to ISIL.

References edit

  1. ^ "Australia & Indonesia's Independence: The Transfer Of Sovereignty: Documents 1949". Minister for Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  2. ^ Gouda, Frances (2002). American visions of the Netherlands East Indies/Indonesia : US foreign policy and Indonesian nationalism, 1920–1949. Thijs Brocades Zaalberg. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 1-4175-2156-2. OCLC 55842798.
  3. ^ Suryanarayan, V. (1981). "Presidential Address: India and the Indonesian Revolution". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 42: 549–562. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44141175.
  4. ^ "Operation Trikora – Indonesia's Takeover of West New Guinea". Pathfinder: Air Power Development Centre Bulletin (150): 1–2. February 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  5. ^ Platje, Wies (2001). "Dutch Sigint and the Conflict with Indonesia 1950–62". Intelligence and National Security. 16 (1): 285–312. doi:10.1080/714002840. S2CID 153528325.
  6. ^ Soedjati Djiwandono, Konfrontasi Revisited, p. 135.
  7. ^ Ubac, Michael Lim (7 March 2013). "Aquino: I won't allow Sulu sultan to drag PH into war with Malaysia". The Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 24 July 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014. President Aquino said in a statement, 'I appeal to you (Jamalul Kiram III) — we should be really clear on this – this incident is wrong. If this is wrong, why should we (the government) lend support to this? We should support what is right… which will lead us to brighter prospects; the wrong option will only bring us ruin. That's it, that's my simple message.' He also added 'Let's not forget: What they (the Jamalul Kiram III faction) are pushing for is their right as so-called heirs of the sultan of Sulu. It's not yet clear if their rights have been transferred to the Philippines. But we (the Philippines citizens and our nation) will all be affected by their conflict (with Malaysia).'
  8. ^ Febrianto (29 March 2016). "Indonesia Tak Boleh Tunduk Terhadap Terorisme Abus Sayyaf!" [Indonesia Cannot Bow to Terrorism of Abu Sayyaf!] (in Indonesian). Rima News. Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  9. ^ "Vietnamese ships to get piracy warnings". Vietnam News Agency. Vietnam Net. 4 May 2016. Archived from the original on 4 September 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
  10. ^ Lim Yan Liang (6 June 2016). "Eng Hen: Joint Sulu Sea patrols a welcome initiative to tackle terror". The Straits Times. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
  11. ^ Ruksith Sitthitool (20 April 2016). "Thailand to be invited by Malaysia as observers for Sulu Sea Patrol". Thai Tribune. Archived from the original on 30 January 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
  12. ^ Ranjit Singh (1984). Brunei, 1839–1983: the problems of political survival. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-582571-8.
  13. ^ Alito Malinao (27 August 1989). "No links with Kiram, says Brunei embassy". Manila Standard. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  14. ^ Steven Runciman (3 February 2011). The White Rajah: A History of Sarawak from 1841 to 1946. Cambridge University Press. pp. 116–. ISBN 978-0-521-12899-5.
  15. ^ Nicholas Tarling (17 June 2013). Southeast Asia and the Great Powers. Routledge. pp. 58–. ISBN 978-1-135-22941-2.
  16. ^ Marcel Burger (23 January 2015). "Brunei gives four Black Hawks as present to Malaysia". AIRheads. Archived from the original on 24 January 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  17. ^ "Iqbal: Sabah better off under Malaysia". The Manila Times. 14 April 2015. Archived from the original on 4 June 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  18. ^ "MNLF strongly condemns terrorist acts in eastern Sabah". The Brunei Times. Bernama. 8 March 2013. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 28 September 2016.
  19. ^ Dharel Placido (31 August 2016). "Misuari wants meeting with Duterte in Malaysia". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved 28 September 2016.
  20. ^ "Who Is Afraid of Mindanao Independence?". August 14, 2013. Archived from the original on September 15, 2013. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
  21. ^ Teoh El Sen (14 March 2013). "MNLF supports Sulu claim, says Nur Misuari faction". Astro Awani. Archived from the original on 5 July 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  22. ^ "Nur Misuari involved, says Zahid". Bernama. MySinChew English. 16 July 2014. Archived from the original on 16 July 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  23. ^ Karlos Manlupig (17 May 2015). "MNLF denies talks with Malaysia over Sabah". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 17 May 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2015. Misuari, who is hiding after the hostilities in Zamboanga in 2013, maintains his position that only the Sultanate of Sulu can pursue the negotiations for the Sabah claim. Respecting the fervent wish of the late Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Kiram III to let alone the Islamic Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo (SSNB) to negotiate peacefully with the Muslim leaders of Malaysia to settle the controversial issue in order not to repeat the March 2013 Lahad Datu, Sabah incident, Chairman Misuari has dismissed the media reports as unfounded and without any ounce of truth involving the MNLF in any level talks. The MNLF, however, asserted that the Sabah case is a non-issue because it is the "home-base for different tribal groupings of Muslims from different regions of Southeast Asia that have enjoyed peaceful and harmonious co-existence with the Chinese and Christian populace in the area.
  24. ^ "West Papua: The Issue That Won't Go Away for Melanesia". www.lowyinstitute.org. Retrieved 2020-08-07.
  25. ^ Indonesia, C. N. N. "Menlu Respons soal Gubernur Papua Nugini Dukung Papua Merdeka". internasional (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2020-08-07.
  26. ^ Fiji Tegaskan Pengakuan Kedaulatan RI atas Papua (in Indonesian) Kumparan
  27. ^ Taylor, Rob (27 March 2007). "Australia risks Papua conflict role – activists". Reuters. Thomson Reuters. Archived from the original on 19 January 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  28. ^ Rollo, Stuart (28 October 2013). "Ending our pragmatic complicity in West Papua". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 31 January 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  29. ^ Pearson, Elaine (5 November 2016). "Australia should go to Papua and see the human rights situation for itself". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 January 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  30. ^ The current status of the Papuan pro-independence movement (PDF) (Report). IPAC Report. Jakarta: Institute for Policy Analysis of Conflict. 24 August 2015. OCLC 974913162. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 September 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  31. ^ "38 Year TPN-OPM No Unity and Struggle After the Reformation" (PDF). National Liberation Army of West Papua (TPNPB). 9 June 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  32. ^ Maran, Major Arm Fence D (2008). Anatomy of Separatists (PDF) (Report). Indonesian intelligence. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 October 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  33. ^ "Bantu KKB Papua, Batalion Relawan PNG Nyatakan Perang Lawan Indonesia". Manado Post. 10 May 2021. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  34. ^ "West Papua liberation movement announces provisional govt". RNZ. 3 December 2020. Archived from the original on 4 May 2020. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
  35. ^ "Libyan terrorism: the case against Gaddafi. – Free Online Library". www.thefreelibrary.com.
  36. ^ Manning, Selwyn (22 June 2010). "Vanuatu to seek observer status for West Papua at MSG and PIF leaders summits". Pacific Scoop. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  37. ^ a b c "Pacific nations back West Papuan self-determination". RNZ. 2017-05-06. Retrieved 2023-12-05.
  38. ^ "Tonga's PM highlights Papua issue at UN". RNZ. 1 October 2015.
  39. ^ "Solomon Islands Prime Minister softens support for West Papua self-determination". abc.net.au. 29 April 2019. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  40. ^ Fowler, Will (2006). Britain's Secret War: The Indonesian Confrontation 1962–66. London: Osprey Publishing. pp. 11, 41. ISBN 978-1-84603-048-2.
  41. ^ Corbett, Robin (1986). Guerilla Warfare: from 1939 to the present day. London: Orbis Book Publishing Corporation. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-85613-469-2.
  42. ^ a b Hara, Fujiol (December 2005). "The North Kalimantan Communist Party and the People's Republic of China". The Developing Economies. XLIII (1): 489–513. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1049.2005.tb00956.x. hdl:10.1111/j.1746-1049.2005.tb00956.x. S2CID 153955103.
  43. ^ Sejarah Indonesia : "The Sukarno Years". Retrieved 30 May 2006.
  44. ^ A. Dahana (2002). "China Role's in Indonesia's "Crush Malaysia" Campaign". Universitas Indonesia. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
  45. ^ John W. Garver (1 December 2015). China's Quest: The History of the Foreign Relations of the People's Republic of China. Oxford University Press. pp. 219–. ISBN 978-0-19-026106-1.
  46. ^ Armstrong, Hamilton Fish (July 1963). "The Troubled Birth of Malaysia". Foreign Affairs.
  47. ^ Kurt London (1974). The Soviet Impact on World Politics. Ardent Media. pp. 153–. ISBN 978-0-8015-6978-4.
  48. ^ Mohd. Noor Mat Yazid (2013). "Malaysia-Indonesia Relations Before and After 1965: Impact on Bilateral and Regional Stability" (PDF). Programme of International Relations, School of Social Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
  49. ^ Sodhy, Pamela (24 August 2009). "Malaysian–American Relations during Indonesia's Confrontation against Malaysia, 1963–66". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 19. Cambridge University Press: 111–136. doi:10.1017/S0022463400000369. S2CID 154593442.
  50. ^ "Commonwealth Backing for Malaysia". The Sydney Morning Herald. 24 November 1964. p. 2. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
  51. ^ Robert Bothwell; Jean Daudelin (17 March 2009). Canada Among Nations, 2008: 100 Years of Canadian Foreign Policy. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. pp. 284–. ISBN 978-0-7735-7588-2. Archived from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
  52. ^ van der Bijl, Nick (2007). Confrontation, The War with Indonesia 1962–1966. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military Press. p. 246. ISBN 978-1-84415-595-8. It was an outstanding victory, and it was a victory
  53. ^ Andretta Schellinger (12 February 2016). Aircraft Nose Art: American, French and British Imagery and Its Influences from World War I through the Vietnam War. McFarland. pp. 152–. ISBN 978-0-7864-9771-3. Archived from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
  54. ^ Mazlan Nordin. "The End of Confrontation" (PDF). Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
  55. ^ Patrick Heenan; Monique Lamontagne (3 April 2013). The Southeast Asia Handbook. Routledge. pp. 114–. ISBN 978-1-136-64091-9.
  56. ^ D. Jacob (8 October 2014). Justice and Foreign Rule: On International Transitional Administration. Springer. pp. 55–. ISBN 978-1-137-45257-3.
  57. ^ "U.S. Weapons Aid Repression in Aceh". 11 June 2003.
  58. ^ Aspinall, Edward (2009). Islam and nation: separatist rebellion in Aceh, Indonesia. Studies in Asian security. Stanford (Calif.): Stanford University press. p. 105. ISBN 978-9971-69-485-2.
  59. ^ Syeirazi, M. Kholid. "Sel-sel NII (3): Jaringan dan Pewaris Ideologi NII". NU Online (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-01-09.
  60. ^ "Gerakan Islam Bawah Tanah NII, Berpotensi Ganti Paham Ideologi Bangsa - Ketik News". 14 April 2022.
  61. ^ "Ancaman Darul Islam di Indonesia".
  62. ^ "Polisi Ungkap Jaringan Teroris NII Aktif Gerak Rekrut Anggota di Indonesia". 11 April 2022.
  63. ^ Rachmawati, Tety; Karisma, Gita (2018). "Konstruksi Identitas ISIS Melalui Digital Media "Youtube" di Indonesia". POLITEA: Jurnal Pemikiran Politik Islam. 1 (2): 125–135. doi:10.21043/politea.v1i2.4315.
  64. ^ Johnson, Kirk A. (2016). The longue duree: Indonesia's response to the threat of jihadist terrorism 1998-2016. Monterey, California, USA: Naval Postgraduate School. pp. 76–77. hdl:10945/49499.
  65. ^ Taufiqurrohman, M. (2015). "The Road to ISIS: How Indonesian Jihadists Travel to Iraq and Syria". Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses. 7 (4): 17–25. JSTOR 26351346 – via JSTOR.
  66. ^ "Mantan Mujahidin Indonesia Barat Dituntut 12 Tahun Penjara".
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  68. ^ Safitri, Eva. "Terungkap Wanita Berpistol Coba Terobos Istana Pendukung HTI-Berpaham Radikal". detiknews (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-10-26.
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