List of wars involving Norway

Summary

This is a list of wars involving the Kingdom of Norway in some capacity, both the modern polity and its predecessor states.

List edit

Pre-Unification Viking Age (793–872) edit

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Viking invasions of England (793–1066)  Norse Vikings
  Kingdom of England Victory (first phase)

Defeat (second phase)

Halfdan the Mild's revolt
(ca. 813)
Halfdan the Mild Kingdom of Denmark Revolt successful
  • Denmark is expelled and Vestfold gains independence.
Battle of 839 (839)  Norse Vikings Picts
Dál Riata
Norwegian Viking victory
Siege of Paris (845)  Norse Vikings Francia Viking victory
Viking raid on Nekor[1][2][3]
(ca. 859)
 Norse Vikings Kingdom of Nekor Viking victory
  • Vikings occupied Nekor for 8 days.
Great Heathen Army's invasion of England (865-878)  Norse Vikings
Norse–Gaels
Anglo-Saxon kingdoms:

Kingdom of Strathclyde
Kingdom of Alba

Viking victory
Siege of Dumbarton (870)  Norse Vikings Britons of Strathclyde Viking victory
  • A fleet of 200 ships transported prisoners to Dublin.

Unification of Norway (860–872) edit

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Battle of Hakadal
(ca. 860)
  Vestfold Álfheimr Vestfold victory
  • Death of Hake Gandalfsson.
Battle of Orkdal
(ca. 870)
  Vestfold Orkdal Vestfold victory
First Battle of Solskjel
(ca. 870)
  Vestfold Nordmøre
Romsdal
Vestfold victory
  • Death of the kings of Nordmøre and Romsdal.
Second Battle of Solskjel
(ca. 870)
  Vestfold Sunnmøre
Firda
Vestfold victory
Götaland Campaign
(ca. 870)
  Vestfold Geats Vestfold victory
Battle of Fjaler
(ca. 870)
Earldom of Lade Earldom of Sogn Indecisive
Battle of Hafrsfjord
(872)
  Vestfold Hordaland
Rogaland
Agder
Vestfold victory

Kingdom of Norway (872–1397) edit

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Battle of Rastarkalv
(955)
Haakon the Good Eric Bloodaxe
Denmark
Victory of Haakon the Good
  • Destruction of Danish force
Battle of Fitjar
(961)
Haakon the Good Eric Bloodaxe
Denmark
Pyrrhic victory to Haakon the Good
Sack of Santiago de Compostela
(968)
  Norwegian Vikings   Kingdom of Galicia Victory
Norwegian-Jomsviking War
(986)
  Kingdom of Norway Denmark
Jomsvikings
Victory
  • Danish fleet defeated
Battle of Maldon
(991)
  Kingdom of Norway Anglo-Saxons Victory
Battle of Svolder
(999/1000)
  Kingdom of Norway Denmark
Sweden
Earls of Lade
Defeat
Battle of Thetford (1004)   Norway
Anglo-Saxons
  Kingdom of Denmark Anglo-Norwegian Victory
Olav II's landing in Osilia
(1008)
  Kingdom of Norway Osilians Victory
  • The Osilians are defeated
Battle at Herdaler
(1007/8)
  Kingdom of Norway Finns of Herdaler Defeat
Swedish-Norwegian War
(1015-1018)
  Kingdom of Norway Kingdom of Sweden Victory
Olav II's conquest of Norway
(1015-1016)
  Kingdom of Norway Kingdom of Sweden
Kingdom of Denmark
Earldom of Orkney
Victory
  • The territorial changes following the Battle of Svolder are reversed, barring Jämtland, which would remain under Swedish overlordship until the 12th century.
Battle of Nesjar
(1016)
Olaf II Sweyn Haakonsson
Various farmer-chieftains
Victory to Olaf II
  • Sweyn Haakonsson driven into exile
Battle of the Helgeå
(1026)
  Kingdom of Norway
Sweden
Anglo-Danish Kingdom Defeat
Battle of Stiklestad
(1030)
Olaf II Peasant Army Peasant victory
  • Death of Olaf II
Sweyn Estridssons Rebellion
(1043)
  Kingdom of Norway  
Denmark
Victory
Battle of Lyrskov Heath
(1043)
  Kingdom of Norway Wends Victory
Norwegian-Wendish War
(1043)
  Kingdom of Norway Wends Victory
  • Destruction the Viking fort Jomsborg, possibly to destroy the Danish competitors to the throne. Plundering of the Wendish town of Jumne.
Invasions of Denmark
(1048–1064)
  Kingdom of Norway Denmark Stalemate
  • Peace agreement, mutual recognition and withdrawal
First Swedish-Norwegian War [no]
(1063/4)
  Kingdom of Norway Haakon Ivarsson [no]
Kingdom of Sweden
Victory
  • Hadrada defeats Haakon Ivarsson Jarl
  • Norwegian authority strengthened in the Uplands
Revolt in the Uplands
(1064-1065)
  Kingdom of Norway Revolting farmers Victory
  • Small farms and villages burned down by Hadrada. Uplands becomes more integrated into Norway
Battle of Fulford
(1066)
  Kingdom of Norway England Victory
  • Norwegians gain Fulford and later York
Battle of Stamford Bridge
(1066)
  Kingdom of Norway England Defeat
First Irish Sea Campaign
(1098)
  Kingdom of Norway England

Irish Kingdoms[clarification needed]

Victory
Swedish–Norwegian War (1099–1101)   Kingdom of Norway Sweden Inconclusive
  • Through the marriage of Magnus Barefoot and Margaret Fredkulla, Inge's daughter, Norway gains the land of Dalsland. However, due to the marriage being childless, Dalsland never becomes integrated into Norway, and it's returned to Sweden after Magnus died in 1103
Second Irish Sea Campaign
(1101/1102–1103)
  Kingdom of Norway England

Irish Kingdoms[clarification needed]

Defeat
Norwegian Crusade
(1107–1110)
  Kingdom of Jerusalem
  Kingdom of Norway
  Republic of Venice
  Fatimid Caliphate
  Almoravid Empire
Taifa of Badajoz
Taifa of Majorca
Barbary pirates of Majorca
Victory
Siege of Lisbon (1109)   Kingdom of Norway   Almoravid Empire Victory
  • Norwegian raid on Lisbon successful
  • Lisbon falls under Norwegian control.
Kalmare ledung
(1123)
  Kingdom of Norway Norse pagans Victory
  • The pagans converted to Christianity
Civil war era in Norway
(1130–1240)
Birkebeiners Baglers Birkebeiner victory
Campaign in Värmland
(1225)
  Kingdom of Norway Värmland Inconclusive
Battle of the Neva
(1240)
Sweden
Finns
Tavastia
  Kingdom of Norway
Novgorod Republic
Karelians
Defeat
Halland Campaign (1256)   Norway   Denmark Peace treaty signed
Danish-Norwegian War (1289-1295)   Norway
Danish outlaws
  Denmark Victory
Scottish–Norwegian War
(1261–1264)
  Kingdom of Norway Scotland Treaty of Perth
Second Swedish Brother's Feud [no]
(1304–1310)
  Kingdom of Norway
Duke Eric and Valdemar
Denmark
Birger Magnusson
Defeat
Siege of Ragnhildsholmen [sv]
(1308)
  Kingdom of Norway Kingdom of Sweden Defeat
Battle of Kalvsund [no]
(1309)
  Kingdom of Norway Kingdom of Sweden Victory
War against Albert of Mecklenberg
(1363–1371)
  Kingdom of Norway Albert of Mecklenberg
Mecklenburg
Stalemate
  • Haakon VI pays a large ransom to have Magnus IV of Sweden released. Afterwards Haakon continues ruling Norway and Sweden until his death in 1374.

Kalmar Union (1397–1523) edit

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
War with the Victual Brothers
(1392–1398)
  Kalmar Union Victual Brothers Victory
  • Formation of the Kalmar Union.
Dano-Hanseatic War
(1426–1435)
  Kalmar Union   House of Schaumburg
  Hanseatic League
Defeat
  • Treaty of Vordingborg
Krummedige-Tre Rosor feud
(1448 - 1502)
Krummedige family
Denmark
Tre Rosor family
Sweden
Krummedige victory
  • The male Tre Rosor line in Norway becomes extinct.
  • Norwegian monarchy strengthened
  • Prince Christian maintains control over Norway.
Swedish Invasions of Norway
(1449, 1453)
Pro-Danish Norwegians
Denmark
Pro-Swedish Norwegians
Sweden
Eventual Pro-Danish victory
  • Charles VIII is temporarily elected king of Norway during the first invasion, but he later renounces his claim.
  • Christian I becomes king of Norway in 1450, in which Sweden invades three years later. The invasion results in a failure with many casualties.
Dano-Swedish War
(1501–1512)
  Kalmar Union   Sweden
  Free City of Lübeck
  Norwegian rebels[6]
Victory
Alvsson Rebellion
(1501–1504)
Knut Alvsson (until 1502)
Nils Ravaldsson (from 1502)
Sweden
Kalmar Union Defeat
  • Dano-Norwegian ties solidified
Swedish War of Liberation
(1521–1523)
  Kalmar Union   Sweden
  Free City of Lübeck
Defeat

Denmark–Norway (1523–1814) edit

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Reformation in Norway
(1536–1537)
 Denmark
  Protestants
  Catholics Creation of Denmark-Norway
Livonian War
(1558–1583)
  Livonian Confederation
  Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
(before 1569 the Polish–Lithuanian union)
  Denmark–Norway
  Kingdom of Sweden
  Tsardom of Russia
Qasim Khanate
 Kingdom of Livonia
Victory
Northern Seven Years' War
(1563–1570)
  Denmark–Norway
  Poland-Lithuania
  Lübeck
  Sweden Stalemate
Kalmar War
(1611–1613)
  Denmark–Norway   Sweden Victory
Thirty Years' War
(1625–1629)
  Denmark–Norway
  Sweden
  Holy Roman Empire
  The Catholic League
Defeat
Torstenson War
(1643–1645)
  Denmark–Norway
  Holy Roman Empire
  Sweden Defeat
First Karl Gustav War
(1657–1658)
  Denmark–Norway   Sweden Defeat
Second Karl Gustav War
(1658–1660)
  Denmark–Norway
  Dutch Republic
  Holy Roman Empire
  Poland-Lithuania
  Brandenburg-Prussia
  Sweden Victory
Battle of Vågen
(1665)
  Denmark–Norway
  Dutch Republic
  England Victory
  • British fleet repelled with Norwegian aid
Scanian War
(1675–1679)
  Denmark–Norway
  Dutch Republic
  Holy Roman Empire
  Brandenburg-Prussia
  Sweden
  France
Stalemate
Great Northern War
(1700–1721)
  Russia
  Denmark–Norway  Saxony
  Poland–Lithuania
  Prussia
  Hanover
  Great Britain
  Sweden
  Poland–Lithuania
  Ottoman Empire
  Cossack Hetmanate
  England
  Great Britain
  Dutch Republic
  Brunswick-Lüneburg
Victory
Danish–Algerian War
(1770–1772)
  Denmark–Norway   Dey of Algiers Defeat
Theatre War
(1788–1789)
  Denmark–Norway   Sweden Defeat
Action of 16 May 1797
(1797)
  Denmark–Norway   Tripolitania Victory
  • Peace treaty with the Bey of Tripoli
Battle of Copenhagen
(1801)
  Denmark–Norway   United Kingdom Defeat
  • Strategical defeat of the Danish-Norwegian fleet
Gunboat War
(1807–1814)
  Denmark–Norway   United Kingdom Defeat
Dano-Swedish War of 1808–09
(1808–1809)
  Denmark–Norway
  France
  Sweden
  United Kingdom
Stalemate
Dano-Swedish War of 1813–14
(1813–1814)
  Denmark–Norway   Sweden
  United Kingdom
Defeat

Kingdom of Norway (1814–present) edit

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Prime Minister Casualties
Swedish–Norwegian War
(1814)
  Norway   Sweden Defeat (but Swedish acceptance of the Eidsvoll Constitution)
~400 killed
World War II
(1940–1945)
  Soviet Union
  United States
  United Kingdom
  China
  France
  Poland
  Yugoslavia
  Greece
  Denmark
  Norway
  Netherlands
  Belgium
  Luxembourg
  Czechoslovakia
  Canada
  Australia
  New Zealand
  South Africa
  Ethiopia
  Brazil
  Mexico
  Colombia
  Cuba
  Philippines
  Mongolia
  Germany
  Japan
  Italy
  Romania
  Hungary
  Bulgaria
  Slovakia
  Croatia
Victory
10,262 killed
Congo Crisis
(1960–1964)
  Congo-Léopoldville
  Katanga
  South Kasai
Victory
None
Bosnian War
(1992–1995)
  Republika Srpska Victory
None
Kosovo War
(1998–1999)
  UÇK
  NATO
  FR Yugoslavia Victory
None
War in Afghanistan
(2001–2021)
  Afghanistan
  Taliban Defeat
  • Fall of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
  • Taliban retake Kabul
10 killed
Libyan Civil War
(2011)
  NTC
  NATO and allies
  Libya Victory
  • The NTC assumed interim control of Libya
None

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "The Vikings raided Africa and then took slaves back to Ireland | Smash Company".
  2. ^ "History: The Viking Adventure In Morocco".
  3. ^ Ibn-Adhari, translated in Stefansson, Jon, "The Vikings in Spain. From Arabic (Moorish) and Spanish Sources". In Saga-Book of the Viking Club: Vol. VI Proceedings. University of London King's College, 1909, pp. 40–41.
  4. ^ "Heimskringla: Saga of Olaf Haraldson: Part I". mcllibrary.org. Retrieved 2018-03-22.
  5. ^ Jones, Gwyn (2001). A History of the Vikings. Oxford University Press. p. 403. ISBN 9780192801340. Battle of Lyrskov Hede.
  6. ^ Erik Opsahl. "Knut Alvsson". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 1 June 2017.