List of years in animation

Summary

1890s edit

  • 1896 - Auguste Berthier published an article about the history of stereoscopic images in French scientific magazine Le Cosmos, which included his method of creating an autostereogram.[1]
  • 1897 - The Captain and the Kids is created by Rudolph Dirks and debuted December 12, 1897. ; William Harbutt developed plasticine in 1897. To promote his educational "Plastic Method" he made a handbook that included several photographs that displayed various stages of creative projects. The images suggest phases of motion or change, but the book probably did not have a direct influence on claymation films. Still, the plasticine product would become the favourite product for clay animators, as it did not dry and harden (unlike normal clay) and was much more malleable than its harder and greasier Italian predecessor plasteline.[2]
  • 1898 - The German toy manufacturer Gebrüder Bing introduced their toy "kinematograph",[3] at a toy convention in Leipzig . Other companies soon start production of toy cinematographs and production of cheaper films by printing lithographed drawings. These animations were probably made in black-and-white. The pictures were often traced from live-action films (much like the later rotoscoping technique). [4][5]
  • 1899 - French trick film pioneer Georges Méliès claimed to have invented the stop trick and popularized it by using it in many of his short films. He reportedly used stop-motion animation in 1899 to produce moving letterforms.[6]

1900s edit

1910s edit

1920s edit

1930s edit

1940s edit

1950s edit

1960s edit

1970s edit

1980s edit

1990s edit

2000s edit

2010s edit

2020s edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Berthier, Auguste (May 16 and 23, 1896). "Images stéréoscopiques de grand format" (in French). Cosmos 34 (590, 591): 205–210, 227-233 (see 229–231)
  2. ^ Frierson, Michael (1993). "The Invention of Plasticine and the Use of Clay in Early Motion Pictures". Film History. 5 (2): 142–157. ISSN 0892-2160. JSTOR 27670717.
  3. ^ "Bing". www.zinnfiguren-bleifiguren.com (in German).
  4. ^ Litten, Frederick S. Animated Film in Japan until 1919. Western Animation and the Beginnings of Anime.
  5. ^ Litten, Frederick S. (17 June 2014). Japanese color animation from ca. 1907 to 1945 (PDF).
  6. ^ Brownie, Barbara (2014-12-18). Transforming Type: New Directions in Kinetic Typography. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85785-533-6.
  7. ^ Crafton (2015), p. 223
  8. ^ Stewart (2021), p. 13-15
  9. ^ Dobson (2010), p. xxiv
  10. ^ Niver (1985), p. 113
  11. ^ Ives, Frederic (1902). A novel stereogram.
  12. ^ "US725567.pdf" (PDF). docs.google.com.
  13. ^ Timby, Kim (2015-07-31). 3D and Animated Lenticular Photography. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 9783110448061.
  14. ^ U.S. Patent 725,567 "Parallax Stereogram and Process of Making Same", application filed 25 September 1902, patented 14 April 1903
  15. ^ texte, Académie des sciences (France) Auteur du (March 14, 1910). "Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences / publiés... par MM. les secrétaires perpétuels". Gallica.
  16. ^ de Vries, Mul (2009), p. 323
  17. ^ Crafton (2014), p. 130
  18. ^ Niver, Kemp R. (1968). The First Twenty Years: A Segment of Film History. Locare Research Group. p. 90. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
  19. ^ Niver, Kemp R. (1968). The First Twenty Years: A Segment of Film History. Locare Research Group. p. 92. Retrieved 1 February 2024.

External References edit

  • Crafton, Donald (2014), "Cinema Chez Gaumont", Emile Cohl, Caricature, and Film, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-1400860715
  • de Vries, Tjitte; Mul, Ati (2009), "28 Animation Pictures and Two Inserts", "They Thought it was a Marvel": Arthur Melbourne-Cooper (1874-1961) : Pioneer of Puppet Animation, Amsterdam University Press, ISBN 978-9085550167
  • Dobson, Nichola (2010), "Chronology", The A to Z of Animation and Cartoons, Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 978-0810876231
  • Niver, Kemp R. (1985), "Fun in a Bakery Shop", Early Motion Pictures: The Paper Print Collection in the Library of Congress, Motion Picture, Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound Division, Library of Congress, ISBN 978-0844404639
  • Stewart, Jez (2021), "Signing In and Signing Up", The Story of British Animation, Bloomsbury Publishing, ISBN 9781911239727