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Liverpool City Region Combined Authority

Summary

The Liverpool City Region Combined Authority (LCRCA), officially the Halton, Knowsley, Liverpool, St Helens, Sefton and Wirral Combined Authority, is the combined authority of the Liverpool City Region in England. Its area includes the City of Liverpool local authority area, the Metropolitan Boroughs of Knowsley, St Helens, Sefton, and Wirral, and the Borough of Halton. It was established on 1 April 2014 by statutory instrument under the provisions of the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009. Composition of the combined authority is made up of the leaders of the six principal membership authorities, plus several non-voting members with various vested interests in the activities of the combined authority.

Liverpool City Region Combined Authority

Halton, Knowsley, Liverpool, St Helens, Sefton and Wirral Combined Authority
Liverpool City Region Combined Authority logo
Type
Type
History
Founded1 April 2014
Preceded byMerseyside Integrated Transport Authority
Leadership
Steve Rotheram, Labour
since 8 May 2017
Structure
Seats7 members
Liverpool City Region Combined Authority composition
Political groups
  Labour (7)
CommitteesMerseytravel Committee
Elections
Indirect election, directly elected mayor from 2017
Last election
6 May 2021
Meeting place
1 Mann Island, Liverpool
Website
www.liverpoolcityregion-ca.gov.uk

The LCRCA is a strategic authority with powers over transport, economic development and regeneration. Transport policy of the combined authority is delivered by the Merseytravel functional body.

The chair of the authority is Steve Rotheram, the directly elected Liverpool City Region Mayor.

History edit

Development and formation edit

The concept of a 'Liverpool city region' gained traction in the 2004 report 'Moving Forward: The Northern Way'. It was commissioned by the UK government and published by The Northern Way.[1]

Collaborative working between the local authorities in the city region followed in 2007, with the publication of the Liverpool City Region Development Plan. In 2008, relationships between the authorities deepened with the decision that they would enter a multi-area agreement.[2] A new City Region Cabinet was established, made up of the leaders of the 6 local authorities in Halton, Knowsley, Sefton, St. Helens and Wirral and private sector representation through the Chair of The Mersey Partnership. The Cabinet continued to evolve and in 2012, central government declared the 'Liverpool City Region Deal' which came with the establishment of a local transport body.

On 21 June 2013, the Liverpool City Region Cabinet agreed that there needed to be a wholesale review of governance arrangements in the area. A report on its findings was published on 30 September 2013. The report identified the city region as one of the fastest growing economies in the UK which had outgrown existing informal relationships between the local authorities. The report recommended the establishment of a more formal combined authority to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of local transport, promote economic development and regeneration. It was proposed that the combined authority would comprise of seven members - one from each constituent local authority, and one more from the (now disbanded) Liverpool City Region Local Enterprise Partnership.[3]

Relationships between the local authorities were reinforced with the formal establishment of the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority on 1 April 2014.[4]

Naming edit

On 21 June 2013, the (now defunct) Liverpool City Region Cabinet agreed to review the strategic governance arrangements across the area. Following this review, the six local authorities of the city region intended to strengthen their collaborative governance to enable the city region to optimise its economic growth potential. The authorities put forward the name 'Liverpool City Region Combined Authority' for their proposed combined authority. A draft report was published for the plan in August 2013 in which the authorities and relevant stakeholders were consulted. The consultation ran between 5 August and 6 September 2013.[5][6][7][8] A revised report was published in September 2013 which confirmed that the Liverpool city region wished to pursue the creation of a Liverpool City Region Combined Authority.[9]

The scheme to establish a Liverpool City Region Combined Authority was then submitted to the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government by 30 September 2013. A statutory consultation followed in November 2013, however, the government published scheme used the name 'Greater Merseyside Combined Authority'. The government consultation that followed showed strong support for a name that included 'Liverpool' and not 'Merseyside'.[10][11]

The name was changed to Halton, Knowsley, Liverpool, St Helens, Sefton and Wirral Combined Authority in the draft order presented to the UK parliament.[12] This was chosen by the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) because it said the local authorities could not agree a name for the combined authority[13] and some responses to the consultation objected to the name 'Liverpool'.[14] An explanatory memorandum attached to the orders creating the combined authorities stated that any name including 'City Region' was considered "misleading and inappropriate" by the government.[15] DCLG stated that the combined authority could use any public name it wanted.[16] On 21 February 2014, it was decided by the constituent councils that the authority would use the public name of Liverpool City Region Combined Authority.[17] A motion at the inaugural meeting on 1 April 2014 proposed that the authority should formally adopt this name and it was passed unanimously. The authorities statutory name remains the "Halton, Knowsley, Liverpool, St Helens, Sefton and Wirral Combined Authority".

Timeline of Liverpool city region devolution edit

Date Description Sources
2004 'Liverpool city region' defined in the report 'Moving Forward: The Northern Way'. [18]
2007 The Liverpool City Region Development Plan is published. [19]
2008 Six local authorities of Liverpool city region enter a multi-area agreement. The Liverpool City Region Cabinet was established. [20]
2012 UK central government declared the 'Liverpool City Region Deal'. [21]
21 June 2013 Liverpool City Region Cabinet conducted a strategic governance review. [22]
August 2013 Liverpool City Region Cabinet published a draft report to recommend establishment of a Liverpool City Region Combined Authority. [23]
5 August - 6 September 2013 Consultation on proposed Combined Authority conducted between the relevant local authorities and stakeholders. [24]
September 2013 Liverpool City Region Cabinet published final governance review report which recommended establishment of a Liverpool City Region Combined Authority. The report was sent to UK central government. [25]
November 2013 Statutory consultation on the proposed Combined Authority commenced. [26]
21 February 2014 The constituent councils of the Combined Authority decided to use the public name of 'Liverpool City Region Combined Authority'. [27]
1 April 2014 Liverpool City Region Combined Authority formally established. [28]
17 November 2015 First devolution agreement agreed by central government conferred powers on the Combined Authority. [29]
March 2016 Additional devolution agreement conferred further powers on the Combined Authority. [30]
5 May 2017 Steve Rotheram elected as first ever Mayor of the Liverpool City Region. [31]
1 March 2024 UK central government confirms 'Level 4' devolution powers for the Combined Authority. [32]

Membership edit

 
Constituent boroughs of the Liverpool City Region

The membership of the combined authority is as follows:[33][34]

Constituent membership
Name Position within nominating authority Nominating authority
Steve Rotheram Mayor of Liverpool City Region Liverpool City Region Combined Authority
Mike Wharton Leader Halton Borough Council (1)
Graham Morgan Leader Knowsley Metropolitan Borough Council (2)
Liam Robinson Leader Liverpool City Council (3)
David Baines Leader St Helens Metropolitan Borough Council (4)
Marion Atkinson Leader Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council (5)
Paul Stuart Leader Wirral Metropolitan Borough Council (6)
Non-constituent membership
David Meyerowitz Chair Business and Enterprise Board
Emily Spurrell Merseyside Police and Crime Commissioner Merseyside Police
Steve Foulkes Chair Merseytravel
Hans Mundry Leader Warrington Borough Council
Yvonne Gagen Leader West Lancashire Borough Council

Leadership edit

Mayor of Liverpool City Region edit

The Liverpool City Region Combined Authority is chaired by the Mayor of the Liverpool City Region (sometimes referred to as the 'Metro Mayor').The Mayor is directly elected every four years by the electorate within the boundaries of Liverpool City Region. Once elected, the Mayor exercises the powers and functions devolved from the UK's national government, which are set out in the local area’s evolving devolution arrangements. Primarily, the Mayor's role is to work alongside his colleagues within the Combined Authority and to focus on significant issues that affect the economy, infrastructure, health, wellbeing and strategic planning of the city region. The Mayor is a high profile public figurehead and is often seen as a spokesperson for the city region, regularly quoted in the national press when important developments, announcements or public debates take place.[35][36][37]

The incumbent Mayor is Steve Rotheram, who was elected as the first ever Mayor of the Liverpool City Region on 5 May 2017.

2014 Leadership dispute edit

The long-term future of the authority was left in doubt after the previous leader of Liverpool City Council Joe Anderson decided to seek legal advice on Liverpool City Council leaving, following his failure to be elected as its chair. Anderson was not present during the leadership vote. Other members said he allowed his 'personal ego' and his belief he had a "God given right to chair the authority" to put it in jeopardy. The future of the authority appeared more secure following a statement by Anderson on 7 April 2014, where he made clear that the matter that caused the dispute was "closed" and that Liverpool would remain within the combined authority.[38]

The authority held its first elections for a directly elected mayor in May 2017. The election was won by Steve Rotheram.

Committees and boards edit

The authority consists of several committees and boards, overseen largely by elected councillors from within the city region, whom discuss and advise on specific policy areas.[39][40] They are as follows:

  • Audit Committee
  • Business and Enterprise Board
  • Digital and Innovation Portfolio Board
  • Economic Development and Business Portfolio Board
  • Employment, Education and Skills Portfolio Board
  • Housing and Spatial Planning Advisory Board
  • Merseytravel committee
  • Net-Zero and Air Quality Portfolio Board
  • Policy, Reform and Resources Board
  • Scrutiny Panel
  • Transport Portfolio Board

Powers and responsibilities edit

Existing edit

The UK central government has devolved a range of powers and responsibilities to the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority and the Mayor of the Liverpool City Region. Since the inception of these authorities, several devolution agreements offered by central government have been ratified by the constituent local authorities of the Combined Authority.

The first devolution agreement was announced on 17 November 2015 which allocated powers over local business growth and support, culture, employment and skills, energy and environment, fiscal responsibilities, housing and planning, innovation and transport.[41] The agreement was then further strengthened in March 2016 which broadened the existing powers and added additional new powers over apprenticeships, business rates, health and social care and the justice system.[42] The government has committed to further strengthening the Liverpool city region’s devolution arrangements in line with national plans surrounding the Northern Powerhouse.[43][44] Therefore, the capability and capacity of the Combined Authority is designed to be dynamic and evolving.

The current powers and responsibilities of the Combined Authority are listed below:

Existing powers and responsibilities of the Combined Authority Description Sources
Apprenticeships
  • The government requires the Combined Authority to improve productivity in the local area and the overall access to apprenticeships, careers education, information, advice and guidance for young people leaving school or college.
Business growth and support
  • The Combined Authority works together with national government to deliver inward investment into the city region, provide jobs and long-term economic impact.
  • Responsibility for supporting businesses in the city region has been devolved to the Combined Authority. The Liverpool City Region Local Growth Hub service is funded by the Department for Business and Trade, to advise local businesses on how to grow and access a range of local, national support and funding.
  • The Combined Authority also oversees The Liverpool City Region Investment Zone and Liverpool City Region Freeport.
  • The Liverpool City Region Investment Zone was established in 2023 to deliver 4,000 jobs across Liverpool, Runcorn, St. Helens, Maghull and Prescot up until 2028. The Investment Zone is designed to attract up to £320 million of private investment in to the city region's health and life sciences industry. The UK government has committed to making the Liverpool city region a 'pharmaceutical production superpower'.
  • The investment zone complements the Liverpool City Region Freeport, home to the UK’s most productive transatlantic port. It was established in 2022 by the city region's leaders as a special area covering 300 hectares of land from Wirral Waters to Port Salford. Within the Freeport, different economic regulations apply, specifically business rates relief, tax and customs incentives (including tariff-free movement of goods for both export and import). Such incentives are designed to encourage global trade and investment, attract investors and deliver regeneration. The Freeport aims to encourage growth in advanced manufacturing, pharmaceuticals and green technologies, in line with the Combined Authority's target to be net zero carbon by 2040 at the latest.

[45][46][47]

Children’s services
  • Central government has mandated the Combined Authority to work alongside the Department for Education, HM Treasury and the individual local authorities within the city region to periodically review and improve the way in which services are delivered to children.
Culture and tourism
  • The Combined Authority develops strategies surrounding culture and creativity to accelerate economic growth and tourism in the city region.
  • The authority works in partnership with central government to ensure that National Museums Liverpool maintains a sustainable business model.
  • The government has mandated the Combined Authority to develop a National Migration Museum to reflect Liverpool's history and heritage as an internationally significant port.
Employment and skills
  • The Combined Authority works in collaboration with the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) to encourage and support local benefit claimants in to employment, especially those who are deemed by the DWP as 'hardest to help'.
  • The Combined Authority determines the local labour market priorities and feeds this information back to DWP.
  • UK Central government provides the Combined Authority with a devolved budget to be used on education, skills and training for people aged 16 years and over.
  • The Combined Authority then works in partnership with local colleges, further education, adult skills and training providers. It decides on how to allocate funding to them based on an agreement as to how they will achieve 'successful outcomes'.
  • The Combined Authority must continuously monitor the Liverpool city region's educational and economic needs to improve the standards of education, skills, vocational training and prospects for adult employment.
Energy and environment
  • Central government has mandated the Combined Authority to commit to improving the environment, including maintaining high standards of cleanliness in the River Mersey.
  • The government recognises the River Mersey as having one of the largest tidal ranges in the UK.
  • The government has encouraged the authority to explore a large tidal energy system to generate low carbon energy for the city region's businesses and growing population which would harness the River Mersey's tidal range over the next century.
  • The Combined Authority works in collaboration with the Department of Energy and Climate Change to improve homes in the city region in order that their energy consumption is more efficient.
Fiscal
  • The Combined Authority manages a Strategic Investment Fund (SIF) which ensures that its devolved funding and budgets are used for investing in economic growth.
  • The SIF allocates funding to significant regeneration projects throughout the city region.
  • The Combined Authority may use capital receipts from sales of assets as revenue funding for public service transformational initiatives.
  • The Combined Authority may exercise prudential borrowing.
  • The Combined Authority is able to retain a proportion of business rates throughout the city region.
  • The Liverpool City Region Mayor may place a supplement on business rates (up to a cap) to fund infrastructure projects, with consultation of the local business community.

[48][49]

Health and social care
Housing and planning
  • The Mayor of the Liverpool City Region exercises strategic planning powers to deliver housing, employment opportunities and economic growth across the city region. This is partly delivered via the LCR Spatial Development Strategy which provides guidance as to how land will be used in the city region and where development and infrastructure of strategic importance should take place. The document works in collaboration with the six local authorities of the city region. Therefore, many planning applications that come forward across the Liverpool city region must be considered in line with the LCR Spatial Development Strategy as well as the Local Plans for each local authority.
  • The Mayor has the power to be consulted on and/or call-in planning applications of strategic importance to the city region, subject to the consent of the relevant Combined Authority member for the individual authority area.
  • The Combined Authority has the power to create a Mayoral Development Corporation to support the delivery of sites of economic potential through 'Mayoral Development Zones'. This enables the authority to undertake compulsory purchase orders which are designed to assist the delivery of development.
  • The Combined Authority reserves the power to develop a Land Commission (including a Joint Assets Board for economic assets). These are designed to support improved coordination between the city region and senior government officials to increase the availability of sites for economic growth and housing.
  • The Combined Authority works with the government to examine how national policies and funds can be best utilised to promote home ownership and housing supply in the city region.

[50]

Innovation
  • The UK government supports the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority in its vision for innovation to enable future economic growth and global competitiveness.
Justice
Transport
  • The Combined Authority is responsible for a devolved and consolidated local transport budget granted by the UK's central government. The budget is calculated by the government at frequent Spending Reviews.
  • The Combined Authority is then responsible for the coordination of public transport in the city region. It conducts this responsibility through Merseytravel.
  • Through the Merseyrail network, which is overseen by Merseytravel, the Combined Authority owns a fleet of trains which provide commuter rail services across the city region and adjacent areas of Cheshire and Lancashire. Extending the Merseyrail train network is a long term commitment for the authority which will be enabled by battery technology on some of the trains.
  • Between late 2026 and the end of 2028, the Combined Authority will become the second area in the UK outside London to implement a full bus franchised system. Buses throughout the city region will continue to be operated by private operators, however, the Combined Authority asserts that it will have greater control over fares, tickets, routes and timetables. The authority argues that it will also have the ability to reinvest any profit back into the city regional network to improve services for passengers. The authority further argues that this power enables bus services to be better integrated in to other modes of transport including rail services, active travel routes and Mersey Ferries.
  • As part of the Liverpool city region Key Route Network, the Combined Authority exercises a range of powers over local highways and roads of strategic importance.
  • The Liverpool City Region Mayor reserves the power to establish Clean Air Zones in the Combined Authority area.
  • The Combined Authority works in formal partnership with central government to deliver the government's plans associated with the Northern Powerhouse and Transport for the North.

[51][52][53]

Impending edit

On 1 March 2024, the Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities confirmed that the Liverpool city region had been selected for increased powers. At the time of the announcement, the government indicated that it was to be known as 'Level 4' devolution, the greatest possible level of devolution available to all eligible devolved institutions in England. As one of the 'most mature' devolved institutions in the country, the government argued that the city region had the governance capability and capacity to carry out new levers of power covering areas such as culture and tourism, employment and skills, energy and environment, finance, health and social care, housing and planning, innovation, trade and investment, transport as well as the ability to influence government on future legislation.[54]

The government also confirmed that this move did not mark the end of the city region's devolution journey, that more functions would be transferred from Whitehall and the levels of power would continue to be reviewed in the future. The individual powers offered as part of this agreement have been listed as 'impending' in the table below. These powers are optional and the Combined Authority will decide in due course which particular ones to formally adopt from this framework. Officials from central government will continue to work with officials in the Combined Authority regarding any further requirements that are needed to be satisfied in order for them to be implemented over the coming years.[55]

The 'impending' powers of the Combined Authority are as follows:

Impending powers and responsibilities of the Combined Authority Description Sources
Culture and tourism
  • The Combined Authority will share expertise and insight with the DCMS as regards culture, heritage, sport, communities and the visitor economy, in order to maximise the impact of funding and policy decisions taken within the city region.
Employment and skills
  • The LCRCA is eligible for fully devolved responsibilities over non-apprenticeship adult skills.
  • The Combined Authority will be eligible for fully devolved funding related to 'Free Courses for Jobs (FCFJ)'.
  • The Department for Education (DfE) will provide the Combined Authority with complete flexibility over its funding for 'Skills Bootcamps'.
  • The Combined Authority will act as the central convenor of careers provision in the city region, creating strategic partnerships with local stakeholders to ensure that services for adults and young people align and respond to the skills needs of the local economy and with local skills planning.
  • The Combined Authority will strengthen delivery of the National Careers Service and will enter in to a dialogue with central government on how to improve the service.
  • The DfE will consider the future role of the Combined Authority in the delivery of Local Skills Improvement Plans and the Local Skills Improvement Fund.
  • The Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) will ask the Combined Authority to establish a new Regional Labour Market Partnership Board made up of senior officers from the authority and the DWP. It should improve employment outcomes and inform better use of public funding in the city region.
  • The DWP will consider development of new contracted employment programmes, when necessary, in response to the city region's labour market conditions.
  • The Combined Authority and DWP will work together to share data and improve the efficiency of employment and skills programmes and services operating in the city region.
Energy and environment
  • The government will consider devolving net zero funding to the Combined Authority, including for retrofitting buildings.
  • The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) will appoint the Combined Authority as responsible for the local nature recovery strategy (LNRS) in the city region.
Finance
  • The Combined Authority will be subject to a simplified funding settlement. This will involve a single ‘consolidated pot’ of funding to be transferred from the DLUHC to the authority at each appropriate Spending Review.
  • The government argues that the consolidated funding will allow for better planning over the longer term, provide the Combined Authority with greater freedom and reduce administrative burden.
  • Following successful delivery of the consolidated pot, the Combined Authority will then become eligible to receive a single 'department style' settlement whereby it is given a budget to cover all devolved spending areas.
Health and social care
Housing and planning
  • From 2026, the Combined Authority, in partnership with Homes England, will be able to set the overall strategic direction, objectives and local leadership for the deployment of affordable housing schemes.
  • The DLUHC will collaborate with the Combined Authority to improve poor quality housing in the city region.
  • The Combined Authority will be granted the power to make Mayoral Development Orders so that it can grant permission for strategic development opportunities, with the local planning authority’s consent.
  • The Combined Authority will be given land assembly and compulsory purchase powers for housing, regeneration and economic development purposes subject to the agreement of the local authority constituent member and the Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities.
  • DLUHC will support the Combined Authority to establish its own public sector land commission. This support will improve the relationship between the authority and central government to identify development opportunities and sites within the city region.
  • The UK government will work to significantly strengthen Local resilience forums by 2030, as described in the UK government Resilience Framework. This will include a clearer role for the Combined Authority.
Innovation, trade and investment
  • The Department for Business and Trade (DBT) will work with the Combined Authority to gain a view of the UK’s business environment competitiveness and ability to attract regional investment.
  • The Combined Authority will have support from the Office for Investment at the city regional level to encourage capital investment and Foreign direct investment.
  • DBT will establish arrangements for the Combined Authority to gain greater influence to support business, investment and global trade opportunities.
  • The Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) will periodically invite the Combined Authority to articulate its innovation research and development priorities to UK Research and Innovation (UKRI).
  • DSIT and UKRI will consult the Liverpool city region mayor on the development of relevant future research and innovation strategies.
Technical adjustments to historic statutes or guidance
  • The government invites the Combined Authority to advise on changes to any statutory guidance or legislation applicable to its remit. The government aims for legislation to support the Combined Authority in meeting its objectives. The authority may advise the government where legislation is considered to be restrictive or should be disapplied.
Transport
  • The Liverpool City Region Mayor will be responsible for a devolved and consolidated integrated local transport settlement provided at the appropriate Spending Review.
  • The government will work on the reform and greater devolution of the Bus Service Operators' Grant (BSOG).
  • The Department for Transport will work with the Combined Authority to provide zero emission buses in the city region.
  • The government will support a new relationship between the Combined Authority and Great British Railways (GBR) to develop the local and national rail network.
  • National Highways will develop a closer working relationship with the Combined Authority to support the delivery of local transport plans.
  • The government will commit to the Liverpool city region gaining the standards of public transport seen in London, with improved services, simpler fares and integrated ticketing.
  • In partnership with constituent councils, the Combined Authority will develop a single set of taxi and private hire vehicle licensing standards across the entire city region.
  • In partnership with constituent councils, the Combined Authority will restrict and enforce against pavement parking in the city region.
  • Active Travel England (ATE) will provide support to ensure walking, wheeling and cycling schemes in the Liverpool city region.

Housing and planning edit

In 2020, the Combined Authority ran a consultation program called "LCR Listens: Our Places" on a proposed strategy for planning across the city region, which gained the views of people who don't typically participate in spatial development consultations. Their work won a Planning Award 2020 for 'stakeholder engagement in planning (plan-making)'.[56]

Across September and November 2020, the combined authority started a land commission - reported as the first of its kind in England to re-orientate the city region's economy around community wealth building. This was in partnership with Centre for Local Economic Strategies.[57]

External links edit

  • Liverpool City Region Combined Authority (Official website)
  • Meetings and Agendas

References edit

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  2. ^ "Liverpool City Region Multi-Area Agreement, Working draft , 22nd August 2008". halton.gov.uk. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
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  45. ^ "Second Investment Zone for the North to unlock multi-million pound investments". gov.uk. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
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  47. ^ "City Region Freeport". Liverpool City Region Combined Authority. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
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  49. ^ "Explanatory note for authorities with increased business rates retention arrangements". gov.uk. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
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  53. ^ "Electric dreams: the Liverpool City Region's new publicly owned battery trains begin final testing". Merseytravel. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  54. ^ "Update on Level 4 devolution: Confirmation of eligibility for West Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, Liverpool City Region and the West Midlands". gov.uk. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
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