Louis Anseaume (1721 – 7 July 1784 in Paris) was a French playwright and librettist.

He contributed the words for operas by André Ernest Modeste Grétry, Pierre-Alexandre Monsigny, Egidio Romualdo Duni, Christoph Willibald Gluck, and François-André Danican Philidor. He is credited with developing the genre of comédie mêlée d'ariettes (comedy mixed with ariettes), a type of opéra comique. A prompter and répétiteur at Comédie Italienne, he was deputy director of the Opéra-Comique and wrote some forty plays, often in collaboration with Charles-Simon Favart, including several opéras-comiques with Duni :

• Le Chinois poli en France (1754)
• Le Peintre amoureux de son modèle (1757), music by Duni
• La Fausse Esclave (1758), music by Gluck
• Cendrillon (1759), music by Laruette
• L'Île des fous (1760), music by Duni
• Mazet (1761), music by Duni
• Le Milicien (1762), music by Duni
• Les Deux Chasseurs et la Laitière (1763), music by Duni
• La Clochette (1766), music by Duni
• Le tableau parlant (1769), music by Grétry

He was one of the founders of the French opéra comique genre.