Summary
The M19 Mortar is a light, smoothbore, muzzle-loading, high-angle-of-fire weapon for light infantry support developed and produced in the United States. It has been replaced in service by the more modern 60 mm M224 mortar, which has a much longer range and improved ammunition.
| US M19 60 mm Mortar | |
|---|---|
| Type | Infantry mortar |
| Place of origin | United States |
| Service history | |
| Used by | See Users |
| Wars | Korean War Vietnam War Laotian Civil War Cambodian Civil War Salvadoran Civil War |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 23.4 kilograms (52 lb) (M5 mount)[1] 9.3 kilograms (21 lb) (M1 mount) |
| Length | 81.9 cm (2 ft 8.2 in) |
| Barrel length | 72.6 cm (2 ft 4.6 in)[2] |
| Shell weight | 1.36 kg (3 lb 0 oz) |
| Caliber | 60 mm (2.4 in) |
| Elevation | +40° to +85° on M5 mount free on M1 mount |
| Traverse | 14° on M5 mount free on M1 mount |
| Muzzle velocity | 89 m/s (290 ft/s) |
| Effective firing range | 68 m (74 yd) |
| Maximum firing range | 747 m (817 yd)[2] |
| Feed system | manual |
Description edit
The original M19 just had a simple spade-like M1 baseplate, leaving the elevation and traverse free for the firer. This of course was found to be too inaccurate, and the infantry initially refused the M19. A new mount, the M5, was developed, which used a conventional baseplate and bipod with elevation and traverse adjustment. This gave the M19 better accuracy, but made it heavier than the M2 Mortar. It had the same range.
The M19 fired the same ammunition used in the M2 mortar, which it would replace. The 60 mm mortar is used by the infantry to lob high-explosive and white phosphorus smoke shells at well-protected hostile locations. The weapon can also fire illumination rounds to light up the battlefield at night. The primary difference between the M2 and M19 was that the M2 was drop-fire only while the M19 could be drop-fired or a round loaded and then fired by a lever-like trigger at the base of the tube.
History edit
M19 development began in 1942 as the T18E6 to replace the M2 Mortar. It was a very simple and light weapon, but was too inaccurate without a mounting. The conventional M5 mount for the M2 mortar was fitted to it. It began to be fielded during the Korean War to replace the M2 and saw limited use in the Vietnam War. Many M19s were scrapped or exported to other countries.
Users edit
Belgium – produced under license[3]
Cambodia
Canada – produced under license[3]
Chile[4]
Colombia[5]
El Salvador[6]
Ethiopia[7]
Greece mostly SF used by Infantry on smaller islands too[citation needed]
Iran[4]
Japan – Japan Ground Self-Defense Force used it.[4]
Lithuania[citation needed]
Luxembourg[citation needed]
Mexico[4]
Myanmar[8]
Panama[9]
Philippines
South Korea: The Armed Forces was equipped with 579 M2/M19s before the Korean War, and 2,263 were in service with the Army by the end of the war. Began replacing with KM19 in 1970s.[10]
Thailand
Turkey[11]
United States[3]
South Vietnam[12]
Vietnam[13]
References edit
Notes edit
- ^ "60-MM MORTAR (M19)". Canadian Army official website. Archived from the original on 2011-09-21. Retrieved 2011-05-07.
- ^ a b Chamberlain, Peter (1975). Mortars and rockets. Gander, Terry. New York: Arco Pub. Co. p. 21. ISBN 0668038179. OCLC 2067459.
- ^ a b c Wiener, Friedrich (1987). The armies of the NATO nations: Organization, concept of war, weapons and equipment. Truppendienst Handbooks Volume 3. Vienna: Herold Publishers. p. 462.
- ^ a b c d Gander, Terry J; Cutshaw, Charles Q (2001). "60 mm M19 mortar". Jane's Infantry Weapons 2002-2003. pp. 5335–5337.
- ^ Gander, Terry J. (22 November 2000). "National inventories, Colombia". Jane's Infantry Weapons 2001-2002. p. 1395.
- ^ Gander, Terry J. (22 November 2000). "National inventories, El Salvador". Jane's Infantry Weapons 2001-2002. p. 1643.
- ^ Gander, Terry J. (22 November 2000). "National inventories, Ethiopia". Jane's Infantry Weapons 2001-2002. p. 1645.
- ^ Maung, Aung Myoe (2009). Building the Tatmadaw: Myanmar Armed Forces Since 1948. p. 107. ISBN 978-981-230-848-1.
- ^ Gander, Terry J. (22 November 2000). "National inventories, Panama". Jane's Infantry Weapons 2001-2002. p. 3238.
- ^ Bak, Dongchan (March 2021). Korean War : Weapons of the United Nations (PDF) (in Korean). Republic of Korea: Ministry of Defense Institute for Military History. pp. 82–84. ISBN 979-11-5598-079-8.
- ^ Army Recognition. "Turkish Military Forces". Archived from the original on 7 November 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ Rottman, Gordon L. (2010). Army of the Republic of Vietnam 1955–75. Men at Arms 458. Osprey Publishing. p. 35. ISBN 9781849081818.
- ^ Rottman, Gordon L. (10 Feb 2009). North Vietnamese Army Soldier 1958–75. Warrior 135. Osprey Publishing. p. 32. ISBN 9781846033711.
Bibliography edit
- Hogg, Ian (2000). Twentieth-Century Artillery. Friedman/Fairfax Publishers. ISBN 1-58663-299-X