Marianne_Stokes Knowpia

Marianne Stokes
Marianne Stokes
Born	Marianne Preindlsberger; 1855; Graz, Styria, Austria
Died	August 1927; London, England
Known for	Painting
Spouse	Adrian Scott Stokes (m. 1884)

Marianne Stokes (née Preindlsberger; 1855–1927) was an Austrian painter. She settled in England after her marriage to Adrian Scott Stokes (1854–1935), the landscape painter, whom she had met in Pont-Aven. Stokes was considered one of the leading women artists in Victorian England.^[1]

Biography edit

Preindlsberger was born in Graz, Styria. She first studied in Munich under Lindenschmit, and having been awarded a scholarship for her first picture, Mutterglück, she worked in France under Pascal Adolphe Jean Dagnan-Bouveret (1852–1929), Colin and Gustave Courtois (1853–1923). She painted in the countryside and Paris, and, as with many other young painters, fell under the spell of the rustic naturalist Jules Bastien-Lepage. Her style continued to show his influence even when her subject matter changed from rustic to medieval romantic and biblical themes. While in France she met the Finnish painter Helene Schjerfbeck, in whose company she visited Pont-Aven in 1883.^[2]^[3]

Stokes (in front), painted by Helene Schjerfbeck in 1881

Her first salon painting, Reflection, which had been painted in Brittany, was exhibited in 1885 at the Royal Academy. Her work was also shown at the Grosvenor Gallery, New Gallery, and the Society of British Artists. In 1885, a year after her marriage, she took to using the name 'Mrs. Adrian Stokes'.^[4]

Together with her husband, she spent the summers of 1885 and 1886 at Skagen in the far north of Denmark where there was an artists' colony which became known as the Skagen Painters. There the couple struck up a close friendship with Michael and Anna Ancher.^[5] In summer 1885 they also visited Ireland.^[6]

Stokes exhibited her work at the Palace of Fine Arts at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois.^[7]

Vilhelmine Bramsen, Beatrice Diderichsen and Marianne Stokes (front) in Skagen, by Peder Severin Krøyer on 14 August 1886

St Mary Magdalen, Mortlake

She held a joint exhibition with her husband at the Fine Art Society in 1900.^[8] The Stokeses lived in St Ives where Marianne Stokes was a member of the Newlyn School. Having no children, they regularly travelled abroad, frequently to the Tyrol, and in 1905 to Hungary and the High Tatra. Here they spent about half a year sketching and painting in the villages of Važec, Mengusovce and Ždiar. Adrian Stokes concentrated on landscapes, with images of hay-harvesting and picturesque cottages, while Marianne Stokes painted portraits showing the fine detail of the garments. These paintings provide a valuable record of the Slovak culture.

Stokes abandoned oils, inspired by the Pre-Raphaelite movement, and prompted by the translation work of Christiana Herringham.^[9] She painted flat compositions in tempera and gesso, her paintings giving the impression of being frescoes on plaster surfaces. She was an Associate of the Royal Society of Painters in Water Colours. Stokes was included in the 2018 exhibit Women in Paris 1850-1900.^[10]

Marianne Stokes died during 1927. Adrian Stokes died during 1935. Both were buried at Mortlake Roman Catholic Cemetery, London.^[11]

Selected paintings edit

Sweet Dreams, 1875
On the Way to the Fields, 1883–87
The Passing Train, 1890
Angels Entertaining the Holy Child, 1893
Candlemas Day, c. 1901
Aucassin and Nicolette, unknown date
Madonna and Child, 1907–08, tempera on panel
Slovak girl, 1909
Death and the Maiden, ca. 1908

References edit

^ Page for Marianne Stokes at the Penzance Museum and Gallery, PenleeHouse.org
^ Victorian Art in Britain
^ Helene L Postlethwaite. "Marianne Stokes, nee Preindlsberger 1855-1927". The Magazine of Art 1895. Archived from the original on 19 May 2006. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
^ "Stokes, Marianne". Androom. 27 November 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
^ Magdalen Evans, "Stokes, (Charles) Adrian Scott", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
^ Ryan, Mary Stratton (2014). "A nation fed by hook and thread". Decies. 70: 27–34.
^ Nichols, K. L. "Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893". Retrieved 30 July 2018.
^ ArtMagick Archived 1 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine
^ Evans, Magdalen (2009). Utmost Fidelity: The Painting Lives of Marianne and Adrian Stokes. Sansom. p. 79. ISBN 978-1-906593-01-8.
^ Madeline, Laurence (2017). Women artists in Paris, 1850-1900. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300223934.
^ Sue Bailey. "Mortlake Roman Catholic Cemetery". londoncemeteries.co.uk. Retrieved 1 April 2019.

Bibliography edit

Evans, Magdalen (2009). Utmost fidelity: the painting lives of Marianne and Adrian Stokes. Sansom & Company. ISBN 978-1-906593-01-8.
Hungary, Adrian and Marianne Stokes, (Adam and Charles Black, London, 1909), 75 colour full-page illustrations of Hungary and High Tatra
Mevnell, Wilfred, "Mr and Mrs Adrian Stokes", in Art Journal, 1900.