Martin Kellogg (March 15, 1828 – August 26, 1903) was born in Vernon, Connecticut, to Allyn Kellogg and Eliza Kellogg née White. He graduated from Yale as valedictorian of the Class of 1850. He was ordained as a missionary in the Congregational Church and served as a pastor in Shasta, California, in 1855, then in Grass Valley, California, from 1857 to 1860, and then in Oakland, California, starting in 1861.

Kellogg joined the faculty of the College of California and was the only faculty member to make the transition to the new state university when the College's trustees decided to donate its assets to the state government to form the University of California. He became the first member of the Academic Senate of the University of California on September 1, 1868. He served as acting president from 1890 to 1893, then served as the seventh President of the University of California from 1893 to 1899.

He served on the Board of Education in Berkeley and twice as Moderator of the General Association of California.

He served as a trustee of the First Congregational Church of Berkeley.

He died on August 26, 1903. He was preceded in death by his adopted daughter, Annie Day Kellogg, who committed suicide earlier that year on April 25, 1903.