The McNaught Syndicate was an American newspaper syndicate founded in 1922. It was established by Virgil Venice McNitt (who gave it his name) and Charles V. McAdam. Its best known contents were the columns by Will Rogers and O. O. McIntyre, the Dear Abby letters section and comic strips, including Joe Palooka and Heathcliff. It folded in September 1989.
Virgil McNitt (1881–1964) first tried his hand at publishing a magazine, the McNaught Magazine, which failed.[1] He then, in 1910, started the Central Press Association syndication service, with offices in Cleveland, Ohio.[2] In 1920, McNitt founded the Central Press Association of New York City. (Although both services had the same name, they were separate operations.)[3]
In 1922, McNitt and Charles V. McAdam (1892–1985) absorbed the operations of the New York City Central Press Association[3] and co-founded the McNaught Syndicate, with headquarters in The New York Times building.[4][5]Will Rogers' weekly column started in 1922 in 25 newspapers. By 1926, his daily column ran in 92 newspapers, and it reached 400 papers three years later, making him one of the best paid and most read columnists of the United States at the time.[6]
Other successes included columns by Dale Carnegie and Dear Abby by Abigail Van Buren. At the time of McNitt's death in 1964, the syndicate was still led by McAdam, providing contents to 1,000 newspapers.[4]
By 1987, McNaught had only 24 features left, making it the tenth largest comic strip syndicate in the United States at that time.[10] The syndicate eventually folded in September 1989.[11]
Comic strips
edit
One of the first syndicated artists was Rube Goldberg. McNaught's line-up of comic strips included Mickey Finn and Dixie Dugan. Ham Fisher's Joe Palooka was at first rejected by McNitt, but Fisher was hired as a salesman for the syndicate, offering McNaught's features to newspapers. After having sold his comic to 20 newspapers, McNitt had to change his opinion and added Joe Palooka to the syndicate, becoming one of the big successes for it.[12]
In 1933, just as the concept of "comic books" was getting off the ground, Eastern Color Printing published Funnies on Parade, which reprinted in color several comic strips licensed from the McNaught Syndicate, the Ledger Syndicate, Associated Newspapers, and the Bell Syndicate,[13] including Ham Fisher's Joe Palooka. Eastern Color neither sold this periodical nor made it available on newsstands, but rather sent it out free as a promotional item to consumers who mailed in coupons clipped from Procter & Gamble soap and toiletries products. The company printed 10,000 copies, and it was a great success.[14][15]
In 1937, the McNaught Syndicate partnered with Frank J. Markey (formerly a McNaught executive)[16] and the Register and Tribune Syndicate, as well as with entrepreneur Everett M. "Busy" Arnold, to provide material to the burgeoning comic book industry.[17] For this reason, from 1937 until 1939, many of the syndicate's comic strips were reprinted in the comic book anthology Feature Funnies (published by Arnold). In 1939, Cowles Media Company (the Register and Tribune Syndicate's corporate owner) and Arnold bought out the McNaught and Markey interests.[18]
In 1939, the syndicate hired Vin Sullivan, then editor of Action Comics, to start a new comics publishing company, Columbia Comics, which would carry both new comics and reprints of McNaught syndicated comics like Joe Palooka. The company existed until 1949 and is best remembered for their publication Big Shot Comics.[19]
The syndicate continued columns and strips which were already successful when acquired, but it also was active in creating and suggesting new content, from the Will Rogers columns to comic strips like Don Dean's Cranberry Boggs.[20] In one case, McNitt supported a crossover between the comic strips Joe Palooka and Dixie Dugan, a feat which was commented upon by Editor & Publisher.[21]
Their last success came with the comic strip Heathcliff, which they syndicated from the start in 1973 until the late 1980s. Heathcliff appeared in some 1,000 newspapers, and the McNaught Syndicate became the production company for a few Heathcliff movies, including Heathcliff: The Movie from 1986.[22]
New York Day by Day by O. O. McIntyre, "probably the most widely read columnist in the U.S.", appeared in some 400 newspapers[29] After McIntyre's death in 1938, the column was continued by editor Charles Driscoll until 1951.[30]
Oliver's Adventures by Gus Mager (May 1926 – October 22 1934)[61]
Olly of the Movies by Julian Ollendorff (January 22, 1934-1937; moved to Consolidated News Features and then Associated Features, where it finally ended c. February 1946)[62]
This Funny World (1945–1985) — gag cartoons by numerous creators
^ ab"Today". Time. 1933-09-11. Archived from the original on November 22, 2010. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
^Simpson, James Herver; McNitt, Frank (2003). Navaho Expedition. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. lxxxi. ISBN 978-0-8061-3570-0.
^ abcWatson, Elmo Scott. "CHAPTER VIII: Recent Developments in Syndicate History 1921-1935," History of Newspaper Syndicates. Archived at Stripper's Guide.
^ ab"McNitt obituary". Time. 1964-06-26. Archived from the original on July 16, 2010. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
^Rogers, Will (2005). The Papers of Will Rogers. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 277. ISBN 978-0-8061-3704-9.
^Yagoda, Ben (2000). Will Rogers: A Biography. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 248. ISBN 978-0-8061-3238-9.
^Riley, Sam G. (1994). Biographical Dictionary of American Newspaper Columnists. Popular Press. p. 71. ISBN 978-0-87972-630-0.
^Robinson, Ray (1996). American Original: a life of Will Rogers. Oxford University Press US. pp. 158. ISBN 978-0-19-508693-5. mcnaught syndicate.
^"Stablemates". Time. 1931-03-21. Archived from the original on April 23, 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
^Alexander, Katina (1987-06-14). "A Superhero for Cartoonists". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
^"Family offers plenty of fodder to journalist's quick wit". Ohio University Today. 1998. Archived from the original on 2006-09-08. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
^Caplin, Elliot (1995). Al Capp Remembered. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-313-29192-0.
^"Funnies on Parade," Grand Comics Database. Accessed Oct. 29, 2018.
^Brown, Mitchell."The 100 Greatest Comic Books of the 20th Century: Funnies on Parade". Archived from the original on 2003-02-24. Retrieved 2003-02-24.
^"Tom-Tom, Vol. 1, No. 2". Oddball Comics. Retrieved 2008-09-05.[permanent dead link]
^Waugh, Coulton; Inge, M. Thomas (1991). The Comics. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 240. ISBN 978-0-87805-499-2. Don Dean, its creator, credits Charles V. McAdam, President of theMcNaught Syndicate, with being the guiding light of the strip
^Stephen J., Monchak (1940-02-17). "Editors Split on Fusion of 'Strips'". Editor & Publisher. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
^Riley, Sam G. (1995). Biographical Dictionary of American Newspaper Columnists. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-313-29192-0.
^Barbas, Samantha (2005). The First Lady of Hollywood. University of California Press. pp. 185. ISBN 978-0-520-24213-5. mcnaught syndicate.
^"Fair-Haired Boys". Time. 1939-10-02. Archived from the original on June 22, 2009. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
^Riley, Sam G. (1995). Biographical Dictionary of American Newspaper Columnists. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-313-29192-0.
^"My Day". Time. 1936-01-13. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
^"Lyons' New Den". Time. 1941-06-30. Archived from the original on April 17, 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
^"Columnists v. Columnist". Time. 1935-07-08. Archived from the original on December 22, 2011. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
^"Obituary". Time. 1951-01-29. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
^"Syndicate Wars". Time. 1977-09-12. Archived from the original on October 20, 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
^"Sister Confessors". Time. 1957-01-21. Archived from the original on November 1, 2011. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
^"Breeches Boys". Time. 1936-10-05. Archived from the original on December 15, 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
^Beasley, Maurine Hoffman (1987). Eleanor Roosevelt and the Media. University of Illinois Press. pp. 71. ISBN 978-0-252-01376-8. mcnaught syndicate.
^Sleeman, Elisabeth (2003). International Who's Who of Authors and Writers 2004. Routledge. p. 483. ISBN 978-1-85743-179-7.
^"New Columnist". Time. 1943-04-10. Archived from the original on December 14, 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
^"Colyumist Smith". Time. 1930-11-24. Archived from the original on January 30, 2011. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
^"New Outlook". Time. 1932-08-29. Archived from the original on October 27, 2010. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
^"Sunday Stuff". Time. 1931-01-12. Archived from the original on December 15, 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
^"Eager Beaver". Time. 1951-06-11. Archived from the original on December 10, 2007. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
^Riley, Sam G. (1995). Biographical Dictionary of American Newspaper Columnists. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 331. ISBN 978-0-313-29192-0.
^Brennan, Elizabeth A.; Clarage, Elizabeth C.; Topping, Seymour (1999). Who's Who of Pulitzer Prize Winners. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 145. ISBN 978-1-57356-111-2.
^"Lala Palooz". Time. 1936-11-09. Archived from the original on December 15, 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
^"The Bungle Family". Toonopedia. Archived from the original on 2012-09-13. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
^Waugh, Coulton; Inge, M. Thomas (1991). The Comics. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 295. ISBN 978-0-87805-499-2.
^ abLenburg, Jeff (2006). Who's Who in Animated Cartoons. Hal Leonard. pp. 135. ISBN 978-1-55783-671-7. mcnaught syndicate.
^"1961 Timeline, October 2: The Flintstones spins off into newspapers in a new comic strip illustrated by Gene Hazelton and Roger Armstrong." American Comic Book Chronicles: 1960–64 by John Wells, TwoMorrows Publishing, 2012, Page 43.
^Holtz, Allan. "Obscurity of the Day: Windy Riley," Stripper's Guide (September 21, 2007).
^"1961 Timeline: February 5. Animation sensation Yogi Bear is the star of a new comic strip overseen by Gene Hazelton." American Comic Book Chronicles: 1960–64 by John Wells, TwoMorrows Publishing, 2012, page 42.