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Micractinium

Summary

Micractinium is a genus of green algae in the family Chlorellaceae.[1] Species of the genus Micractinium are common in freshwater habitats. A few species are found as endosymbionts of protozoa, such as Micractinium conductrix and Micractinium tetrahymenae.[2]

Micractinium
Micractinium pusillum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Viridiplantae
Division: Chlorophyta
Class: Trebouxiophyceae
Order: Chlorellales
Family: Chlorellaceae
Genus: Micractinium
Fresinius, 1858
Type species
Micractinium pusillum
Species

See text.

Description edit

Cells of Micractinium are spherical to ellipsoidal, and are solitary or stuck together in colonies. Colonies can contain up to 128, occasionally 256 cells,[3] and are polyhedral or pyramidal in shape.[2] Most[2] species generally produce long narrow bristles that taper from base to tip. Cells have a single cup-shaped chloroplast with a single pyrenoid.[3]

Micractinium is closely related, and similar to, the genus Chlorella. Both lack sporopollenin in their cell walls, and have pyrenoids that are transversed by thylakoid membranes and covered in a starch sheath. Traditionally, Micractinium has been distinguished from Chlorella on the basis of forming colonies and bristles. However, Micractinium sometimes does not produce bristles and colonies—it appears to be an inducible defense against grazers such as rotifers. Additionally, some species of Micractinium do not produce never produce bristles, such as those that are endosymbiotic within other organisms.[2]

Taxonomy edit

The genus Micractinium was formerly placed in the family Micractiniaceae, characterized by sexual reproduction without the production of zoospores, and colonies covered with bristles. Molecular phylogenetic studies showed that Micractiniaceae was polyphyletic and that Micractinium was closely related to Chlorella.[4] Accordingly, Micractinium has been transferred to the family Chlorellaceae.[1]

Species edit

As of March 2022, AlgaeBase accepted the following species:[1]

  • Micractinium appendiculatum Korshikov
  • Micractinium belenophorum (Korshikov) T.Proschold, C.Block, W.Luo & L.Kreinitz
  • Micractinium bornhemiense (W.Conrad) Korshikov
  • Micractinium conductrix (K.Brandt) Pröschold & Darienko
  • Micractinium conococcoides T.Hortobagyi
  • Micractinium crassisetum Hortobágyi
  • Micractinium depressum C.-C.Jao & Ling
  • Micractinium elongatum (H.J.Carter) Hegewald & Schnepf
  • Micractinium extremum Hortobágyi
  • Micractinium inermum R.Hoshina & Y.Fujiwara
  • Micractinium kostikovii E.Krivina & A.Temraleeva
  • Micractinium parvisetum Walton
  • Micractinium parvum Hindák
  • Micractinium pusillum Fresenius
  • Micractinium quadrisetum (Lemmermann) G.M.Smith
  • Micractinium simplicissimum H.Chae, H.-G. Choi & J.H.Kim
  • Micractinium singularis H.Chae, H.-G.Choi & J.H.Kim
  • Micractinium strigoniense T.Hortobagyi
  • Micractinium tetrahymenae Pröschold, Pitsch & Darienko
  • Micractinium valkanovii Vodenicarov
  • Micractinium variabile H.Chae, H.-G.Choi & J.H.Kim

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. "Genus: Micractinium taxonomy browser". AlgaeBase World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
  2. ^ a b c d Krivina, Elena; Temraleeva, Anna; Sinetova, Maria (2022). "New species Micractinium kostikovii (Chlorellaceae, Trebouxiophyceae) from Russia". Phycological Research. 70: 22–34. doi:10.1111/pre.12469. S2CID 239494013.
  3. ^ a b Bicudo, Carlos E. M.; Menezes, Mariângela (2006). Gêneros de Algas de Águas Continentais do Brasil: chave para identificação e descrições (2 ed.). RiMa Editora. p. 508. ISBN 857656064X.
  4. ^ Pröschold, Thomas; Pitsch, Gianna & Darienko, Tatyana (2020). "Micractinium tetrahymenae (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta), a New Endosymbiont Isolated from Ciliates". Diversity. 12 (5): 200. doi:10.3390/d12050200.