The panoramic tale of Savannah's eccentricities focuses on a murder and the subsequent trial of Jim Williams, a self-made man, art collector, antiques dealer, bon vivant, and semi-closeted homosexual. John Kelso, a magazine reporter from New York with one book—Before the Fall—to his name, flies to Savannah, amid beautiful architecture and odd doings, to write a feature for Town & Country on one of Williams' famous Christmas parties. Williams' parties, held at his Mercer House home, were the highlight of many people's social calendars.^[7][8] Williams had an "in" box and an "out" box for his invitations, depending on whether or not the person was in Williams' favor at the time.

^[9]

After being unable to find a taxi at Savannah/Hilton Head Airport, Kelso gets a ride to Jones Street from a tour-bus driver.

After a tour of Savannah's tourist hotspots, Kelso alights at Forsyth Park. Making his way to his lodging in Monterey Square, he has a brief interaction with Billy Hanson in front of Mercer House.

Kelso visits the Armstrong Mansion offices of Sonny Seiler, Williams' attorney. Seiler introduces Kelso to Williams, and they take Seiler's dog, Uga IV, for a walk through Forsyth Park. Williams then shows Kelso the carriage house behind Mercer House where he does his restorations. Kelso recognizes the c. 1765 painting Newmarket Heath, with a Rubbing-down House by George Stubbs.^[10] Williams reveals he will be auctioning the painting at the party the following night.

Awoken by Mandy Nichols, who is looking for some ice to take back to her partner Joe Odom's party, Kelso accompanies her back to the festivities. There, he meets hairdresser Jerry Spence and Odom, who is playing the piano.

Kelso is guest of honor at the party, for which Williams sent Kelso his tuxedo earlier in the evening. The party's caterer Lucille Wright meets Kelso, who let himself in. She shows Kelso the food that will be on offer for the evening. Kelso also meets Emma Kelly, named the "Lady of 6,000 Songs" by Savannah's own Johnny Mercer,^[11] Harry Cram, the former silent-film actress Serena Dawes and Williams' mother, Blanche. Williams shows Kelso his organ in the upstairs ballroom. It is there that Billy Hanson appears, having let himself in the servants' entrance. Hanson demands some money from Williams so that he can "get fucked up". Williams refuses, saying Hanson gets paid on Friday like everyone else. Hanson responds by smashing a bottle and threatening both Williams and Kelso with it, before storming out. After explaining Hanson's situation to Kelso, Williams sits down and plays "Jeepers Creepers" on the organ, demonstrating that he uses it to drown out the sound of his neighbour Lorne Atwell's dog.

After the guests have left, Williams and Kelso wind down with a brandy in the Mercer House library, where Kelso discovers his book in Williams' bookcase. Kelso leaves shortly thereafter, stating he has an early flight home.

Kelso is awoken by the sound of sirens, and heads out into Monterey Square to find out what is going on. It transpires that Hanson was shot dead by Williams in his office after an argument between the two. Kelso lets himself, and Williams' cat, Sheldon,^[12] through the back door into what should have been a secured Mercer House, where Williams is being questioned by police. Sonny Seiler arrives a few seconds later and tries to diffuse the situation.

Kelso stays on to cover the murder trial for a new book, with the blessing of Williams. Along the way, he meets some characters: the irrepressible The Lady Chablis, a transgender entertainer; Luther Driggers, a man who keeps flies attached to strings on his lapels and threatens daily to poison the water supply; the members of the Married Woman's Card Club; and Minerva, a spiritualist and root doctor, based on real-life Valerie Boles.^[13]

Between becoming Williams' friend, a love interest of Mandy (whom he discovers is a torch singer), meeting every eccentric in Savannah, participating in Minerva's midnight graveyard rituals, and helping solve the mysteries surrounding Hanson's murder, Kelso has his hands full. When Williams becomes confident he can win his case on a matter of flawed police procedure, he falsely testifies to killing Hanson with return fire in self-defense, to the disappointment of Kelso, to whom Williams has confessed he executed Hanson in retaliation for attempting to shoot him with the gun's safety catch on. The judge and jury later find Williams not guilty, largely thanks to Kelso's discovery that Hanson's hands were not bagged at the scene of the shooting; that procedure was instead undertaken by Sara Warren, a nurse at Candler Hospital.

As Kelso is leaving town, when saying goodbye to Williams in the Mercer House study, he asks one last question for the book: Does he want to tell him what really happened? Williams replies, "Truth, like art, is in the eye of the beholder. You believe what you choose, and I'll believe what I know." He watches from the window as Kelso walks away. Minutes later, Williams is stricken by a heart attack and falls face down on the carpet. His heartbeat slows. He imagines Hanson lying alongside him, as he was in death. Their eyes meet, Hanson raises his head, smiles, then resumes his position, lifeless. The heartbeat has stopped. An overhead shot shows the two dead men lying like mirror images, then Hanson fades away.

After the funeral, Minerva tells Kelso he knows all he needs to know and warns him not to waste too much time on the dead. “I love you, boy, but I ain’t the only one. You know that, don't you?” Later, Kelso signs a six-month lease on an apartment. To celebrate, he, Mandy and Lady Chablis, who is walking Uga, stroll off together for a picnic. Minerva, who is feeding Flavis, a squirrel, in the park, laughs as they pass. Cut to the cemetery and shots of the two graves. The credits roll over film of the Bird Girl statue in Bonaventure Cemetery,^[14] with k.d. lang singing "Skylark", as she does in the movie's opening.

Clint Eastwood permitted The Lady Chablis to ad-lib some of her lines, but had to rein her in on occasion.^[6] He gave her the nickname the "one-take wonder".^[15] "We kind of hit the script in a roundabout way," confirmed John Cusack.^[16] "[During filming] they put me up at the Holiday Inn," explained Chablis in 2011. "So I told Clint: 'Y'all forgot. I am the Doll. I do not stay at the Holiday Inn.' There was not enough room there for my luggage. And Clint apologized. He said, 'I can't believe they did that to you, Doll.' He was so wonderful."^[17]

Gary Anthony Williams played the tour-bus driver at the beginning of the movie.^[18] He did more than just load the tourists' bags into the bus, however: "They hired me for the job, and for some reason they thought I could a drive a big double-decker bus that was from England," Williams explained in 2021. "With the steering wheel and gas and clutch on the opposite side, I thought I was going to kill a bunch of background actors that day. But Clint Eastwood was so cool. He put me at ease."^{[citation needed]}

James Gandolfini made an uncredited appearance as the cook in the two scenes filmed at Clary's Cafe.^[19]

"[My character] is based loosely on John [Berendt]," Cusack said in 1997. "John is a very funny, curious, mischievous, smart guy, so I was definitely able to pull those qualities that John actually has and put them into the John Kelso character."^[20]

Flavis, the squirrel Minerva talks to on the Forsyth Park bench at the beginning of the movie, was a trained animal.^[4]

Differences from the book edit

Several changes were made in adapting the film from the book. Many unused characters were eliminated or combined into remaining ones. John Berendt states at the end of his book: "All the characters in this book are real, but it bears mentioning that I have used pseudonyms for a number of them in order to protect their privacy." To create further distance, several character names in the movie are different than in the book.

• John Berendt is removed from the journalistic role; the fictional John Kelso was introduced in his place, and a love interest was added for the film
• Danny Hansford is renamed Billy Hanson
• Betty Harty, who welcomes John Kelso to Savannah, was named Mary Harty in the book
• Lee Adler, the former member of the Telfair Museums board, becomes Lorne Atwell
• George Oliver, the judge in Williams' trial, is now Samuel L. White. Oliver died in 2004 at the age of 89^[21]
• Spencer Lawton, the district attorney who prosecutes Williams, is renamed Finley Largent
• Greg Kerr, one of those called to witness, becomes George Tucker
• Prentiss Crowe's lines about the deceased being "a good time not yet had by all" were instead spoken by Serena Dawes
• Sonny Clarke, a member of the Oglethorpe Club, said the line, "They're saying he shot the best piece of ass in Savannah" in the book, but it was given to Joe Odom in the movie

The multiple trials were combined into one on-screen trial. Williams' real life attorney, Sonny Seiler, played Samuel L. White, the presiding judge of the trial. Seiler was originally cast as a juror, but Eastwood persuaded him to take on the role of the judge. "I said, 'I'm not an actor,' and Clint said, 'Of course you are. All lawyers are actors, and you are one of the best. If you do this for me, I won't have to hire a dialect coach.'"^[22] Seiler's daughter, Bess Thompson, appears in the movie as the "pretty girl"^[23] in Forsyth Park who asks if she can have her picture taken with Uga.^[24]

Advertising edit

Advertising for the film became a source of controversy when Warner Bros. used elements of Jack Leigh's famous photograph in the posters without permission, infringing copyright law.^[25]

Filming locations edit

While entertaining the role of being the film's director, Clint Eastwood visited Savannah, Georgia, where the majority of the film was shot, in 1996. "I didn't get to know too many people at that time — mostly places — but I did meet some people who knew about the Jim Williams episode. And I met the attorney, Sonny Seiler, who was very, very helpful in making everyone understand what the attitude and atmosphere was in Savannah in the 1980s," he said.^[26] Principal photography began in the spring of 1997.^[27]

Kevin Spacey also visited Savannah before filming began. He wanted to learn the accent by listening to the locals.^[6]

"[John Berendt and I] spoke a lot about the novel and he took us on a tour of Savannah — The John Berendt Tour — which is a great tour of Savannah," John Cusack said in 1997. "We talked about the screenplay. He was very helpful."^[20] As for Savannah itself: "I'd definitely go back and hang out. It's a fun place. It's terrific being in a place that isn't interested in being modern. It's not interested in the fast-paced, kinetic lifestyle that we all lead. It's very relaxed; it's got a slow rhythm. All the squares that are in the middle of the town are made so that you can't speed through in traffic; you have to go leisurely around. Cocktail parties and parties are a big deal. It's interested in preserving its past; it's not interested in moving towards the future. It's interested in the way it is. It's very lush and exotic and mysterious."^[20]

Several scenes were filmed in and around Monterey Square. Jim Williams' Mercer House is located in the southwestern tything block of the square, at 429 Bull Street. Williams' sister, Dorothy Kingery, became the owner of the house after her brother's death. After initially agreeing to permit filming to take place inside the home, she developed cold feet. "Clint Eastwood came from California the next day," Kingery said. "We talked about my concerns, and he addressed those."^[24] While most of the scenes were filmed inside the home, the fight and shooting scenes were done in a California studio.^[24] When it came to the Christmas party scenes, the house contained so many valuable pieces of art and furniture that it presented a security problem. Eastwood, therefore, decided not to use extras. He instead sent out engraved invitations to the same locals that Williams used to invite to his parties.^[17] The Mercer House hallway and office were recreated in Hollywood.^[6]

John Kelso is shown being welcomed by Mrs. Baxter to the Italianate house at 2 East Taylor Street — the 1880-built former home of Hugh Comer (1842–1900), president of Central of Georgia Railroad, on the square's northeastern ward. Kelso does not stay there in the movie, however; his carriage-house apartment was built on a soundstage in Burbank, California.^[28] Window shots from inside the carriage house were filmed across from 115 East Jones Street, which Joe Odom was looking after for its owner, who was in New York. (Odom's house, constructed by Eliza Jewett in 1847, was at 16 East Jones Street.)^[29] Kelso's six-month rental, shown at the end of the film, is 218 West Jones Street, which is now valued at over $1.15 million.^[30]

The scenes at Sonny Seiler's offices were filmed at the Armstrong House, 447 Bull Street, south of Monterey Square and close to the northern edge of Forsyth Park. John Bouhan was one of the partners of Bouhan, Williams & Levy, which moved into Armstrong House in 1970. Bouhan died the following year, but his dog, Patrick, was taken for daily walks by the law firm's porter, William Glover (James Moody), long after Bouhan's death.^[31] In 2017, Bouhan Falligant LLP moved to One West Park Avenue^[32] after developer Richard C. Kessler bought Armstrong House. Seiler retired just before the move.^[33]

The courthouse exterior seen in the movie is the Tomochichi Federal Building and United States Courthouse, in the western trust lot of Wright Square; however, internal shots were filmed in Burbank. Dixie's Flowers, the flower shop Mandy works at, is in the northeastern tything lot of the square, at 6 East State Street.

The residence used as The Lady Chablis' home is 418 East Liberty Street. The Myra Bishop Family Clinic she walks to is at 311 Habersham Street, about 500 feet away. In the book, it is opposite Berendt's apartment at Forsyth Parkside. Myra's real last name is Pope.^[34]

Kelso has breakfast (and an evening coffee with Mandy) at Clary's Cafe, at 404 Abercorn Street. Photos of the cast taken during down time from filming are hung by the door to the diner.

The Married Woman's Card Club is at 126 East Gaston Street, now known as Granite Hall and part of SCAD.

Churchill's Pub was located at 9 Drayton Street at the time of filming, but it was damaged in a fire six years later and closed.^[35]

The Debutante Ball was filmed at the Savannah Inn and Country Club. (It later became Wilmington Island Club but was renamed back to Savannah Inn and Country Club in 2018.)

Bonaventure Cemetery, on the city's eastern edge, is featured on several occasions, including for the funeral service of Jim Williams which was shot near Johnny Mercer's burial site. Minerva performs her mysterious incantations at the "colored cemetery" just beyond Bonaventure in the movie. (In the book, said cemetery is in Beaufort, South Carolina, within walking distance of Minerva's home. Also, Dr. Eagle, the common-law husband of Valerie Boles, the inspiration for Minerva, is renamed Dr. Buzzard.)

Forsyth Park is the venue for the dog-walking scenes, including the cameo appearance of Uga V, the English bulldog live mascot of the University of Georgia, playing his father, Uga IV. Uga V died two years after filming.^[36] The Uga mascots live in Savannah between football games.

Candler Hospital is erroneously pronounced Chandler Hospital throughout the film.

After location filming ended in June 1997, a fundraiser was held at and for Savannah's Lucas Theatre, which was built in 1921. Spacey donated $200,000 in Williams' honor to assist in the $7.6-million renovation of the theatre.^[37] "I love Savannah. I had a great time here," said Spacey, an Oscar winner in 1996 for his role in The Usual Suspects. "I plan to visit again. And once this (theater) gets done, I'll bring a play here."^[37] It was hoped that the movie's premiere would take place at the Lucas,^[37] but it was instead held on November 17 at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank. Its Savannah premiere occurred on November 20 at the Johnny Mercer Theater. It opened nationwide the following day.

The soundtrack for the film was released in 1997. It is also dedicated to Johnny Mercer. The CD includes versions of songs heard in the film.^[38]

Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil was a box office failure, grossing $25.1 million^[3] to an estimated $30 million budget.^[2] It received mixed reviews. It scores 50% on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, based on 38 reviews with an average rating of 5.9/10. The site's consensus states: "Clint Eastwood's spare directorial style proves an ill fit for this Southern potboiler, which dutifully trudges through its mystery while remaining disinterested in the cultural flourishes that gave its source material its sense of intrigue."^[39] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 57 out of 100, based on 23 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".^[40] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C+" on an A+ to F scale.^[41]

"Kevin Spacey played Jim Williams -- badly," John Berendt said in a 2015 interview. "He didn't even come close. I had offered [Spacey] recordings so he could listen to Jim Williams talking to me, regaling me with stories while sitting in his living room in Mercer House. [Spacey] said he'd already heard Williams on tape talking during one of his trials. But when I saw the movie, I was perplexed by the way Spacey portrayed Williams, because he did it as if he were asleep. He talked as if he were in a fog or sleepwalking. Then I realized what had happened, and I thought it was hilariously funny." Berendt believes Spacey listened to tapes of Williams during the third trial, when he had taken Valium.^[42]

Specific

General

• Hughes, Howard (2009). Aim for the Heart. London, UK: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-902-7.

• Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil at IMDb  
• Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil at Rotten Tomatoes
• Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil at Box Office Mojo
• Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil at Metacritic