The Military-Industrial Commission of the Russian Federation (Russian: Военно-промышленная комиссия Российской Федерации (acronym VPK)) was established by a presidential decree in March 2006. According to the decree, it is a permanently functioning body with vast responsibilities for supervising the distribution and implementation of the "State defense order". The commission answers directly to the President of Russia. It coordinates between the Defence Ministry of the Russian Federation, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, and the defense industry of Russia. Until then, the defense industry was supervised by Russia's Ministry of Industry and Energy, as well as by the previous government consultative body with a similar name.

The VPK of the Russian Federation shares the name of the former Soviet Military Industrial Commission, which served as a central management body for the Soviet defense industry. The VPK was an inner circle of the Council of Ministers, and the first deputy chairman of the Council headed it. The Soviet VPK's primary function was to facilitate plan fulfilment by easing bottlenecks, enforcing inter-ministerial cooperation, and overseeing the availability of resources.^[1]