Summary
Monica is the designation of a small French sounding rocket.[1] It was intended as a cheaper counterpart to the relatively expensive Veronique rockets.[2]
 Monica rocket family | |
| Country of origin | France |
|---|---|
| Size | |
| Height | 3.05 to 6.27m |
| Diameter | 1.3 to 1.6 m |
| Mass | 62 to 154 kg |
| Stages | 3 |
| Capacity | |
| Launch history | |
| Status | Succeeded by the ONERA test vehicles |
| Launch sites | CIEES, CERES Ile du Levant |
Monica was a 3-stage rocket, with all stages burning solid fuel: the Melanie (burning Plastolite) for the first stage and Theodore and Oreste (burning Epictete) for the second and third stages.[2] The first stage delivered 450 daN (decanewtons) for 3 seconds and the two upper stages deliver 50 daN for 15 and 5.5 seconds, respectively.
It was built in several versions (Meteo, Monica I to V, MD-01, Grannos),[3][4] which were between 3.05 and 6.27 m long and had a takeoff weight between 62 and 154 kg.[5]
It was launched several times between 1955 and 1962 at the CIEES launch site in Hammaguir, French Algeria, and the Ile du Levant site in France.[2]
The Monica design process encountered a number of difficulties, leading to many failed tests and the early cancellation of the program in 1962. However, elements of its design were later incorporated into more successful ONERA test vehicles.[5]
Versions edit
Monica vehicles used different solid fuel rocket engines:[5]
| Stage / Engine | Length
(mm) |
Diameter
(mm) |
Propellant mass
(kg) |
Total impulse
(daNs) |
Burning time
(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Melanie | 1065 | 160 | 15 | 3100 | 5 |
| "2Melanie" | 2170 | 160 | 30 | 6200 | 5 |
| Prosper | 1180 | 160 | 23.5 | 4700 | 10 |
| Theodore | 815 | 130 | 9.4 | 1800 | 10 |
| Oreste | 490 | 130 | 3.6 | 680 | 8 |
Monica vehicles had several versions, according to the rocket stages used:[5][1]
| Type | Stages | Length (mm) | Total weight (kg) | Payload weight (kg) | Peak altitude (km) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monica I | Melanie-Theodore-Oreste | 3050 | 62 | 15 | 53 |
| Monica II | Melanie-Theodore-Theodore | 3375 | 71 | 15 | 103 |
| Monica III | "2Melanie"-Prosper-Theodore | 4845 | 118 | 15 | 145 |
| Monica IVA | Melanie-Prosper-Prosper | 5115 | 123 | 15 | 94 |
| Monica IVB | "2Melanie"-Melanie-Prosper | 5115 | 123 | 15 | 94 |
| Monica V | "2Melanie"-Prosper-Prosper | 6270 | 154 | 15 | 160 |
References edit
- ^ a b Krebs, Gunter D. "Monica". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
- ^ a b c Wade, Mark. "Monica". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
- ^ Wade, Mark. "Monica I". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
- ^ Wade, Mark. "Monica IV". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
- ^ a b c d Jacques Serra, Jean. "The Monica rockets". Rockets in Europe. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2018.