Montserrat_Volcano_Observatory Knowpia

The Montserrat Volcano Observatory (MVO) is a volcano observatory which is located on the Caribbean island of Montserrat, where the Soufrière Hills volcano (SHV) has been actively erupting since 1995.

The MVO staff describe their activities as working to reduce the impact of volcanic activity by monitoring, researching, educating, and advising.^[1]

The MVO building is situated in the village of Flemmings, near Salem in the parish of St. Peter, in the west of the island.

History edit

An operational base was established by the University of the West Indies Seismic Research Unit (SRU) immediately following the first phreatic explosions on 18 July 1995.^[2] Various scientists and scientific organizations contributed in the following years, organized at various times by the SRU and British Geological Survey (BGS). The Observatory was officially established as an organization by the Montserrat Government in 1999.^[2]^[3] It is currently managed by the Seismic Research Centre, University of West Indies.^[4]^[5]

Leadership of the Montserrat volcano observatory edit

The Observatory has been led by a Chief Scientist, or a Director, for most of the time since it was established in 1995. In the earlier stages of operation staff in these roles rotated; later the term was extended. Directors since 2000 have included^[6]

Dr Simon Young^[7]
Dr Peter Dunkley
Dr Gill Norton
Dr Sue Loughlin (2004 - 2006)
Dr Vicky Hards (2006 - 2008)
Dr Rod Stewart (2008, Acting)
Dr J-C Komorowski (2008, Acting)
Dr Nico Fournier (2009, Acting)
Dr Richard Robertson (2009, Acting)
Dr Paul Cole (2009 - 2013)
Dr Rod Stewart (2013 - 2019)
Dr Graham Ryan (2019 - )

Reaction to the 1995 outbreaks edit

The volcanologists monitoring and researching the volcanic activities on Montserrat came under immense political pressure to provide suitable advice after the first outbreak.^[8] The eruptions have been deemed a classical example of the black swan problem^[9] as a high-profile, hard-to-predict, and rare event which provided major challenges for the prediction of further developments. Until 1995, the volcano had been silent for centuries.

After some difficulties, the involved scientists began to use statistical models to estimate the probabilities of particular events, a rather subjective method, but suitable to build up experience-based expertise (including local knowledge and experience) step by step.^[8] A 2012 study about knowledge generation and expert advice on active volcanoes used the Montserrat eruption as a showcase, but included as well interviews with scientists in the United Kingdom, Montserrat, Italy and Iceland during fieldwork seasons.^[8] It listed the Montserrat case among other recent and historical eruptions that had an influence on volcanology as a science.^[8]

Online sites edit

Weekly reports of volcanic activity are posted on the official website; MVO also maintains Facebook and Twitter pages. The MVO has another website with profiles about MVO's staff and general work, but this website is no longer being updated.^[10]

References edit

^ "MVO - What we do". 22 June 2012. Archived from the original on 22 June 2012. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
^ ^a ^b "History of MVO". 15 June 2009. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
^ "About MVO". Montserrat Volcano Observatory. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
^ "Montserrat Volcano Observatory (About)". Facebook. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
^ "Renewal of MVO Management Contract". 13 September 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2019. The new monitoring contract runs for five years
^ "Index of /pub/SAC_Reports". www.mvo.ms.
^ Pattullo, Polly (1 July 2000). "Volcano chief quits stricken island" – via The Guardian.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Amy Donovan, Clive Oppenheimer, Michael Bravo. Social studies of volcanology: knowledge generation and expert advice on active volcanoes. Bulletin of Volcanology, Springer Verlag (Germany), 2012, 74 (3), pp.677-689. doi:10.1007/s00445-011-0547-z insu-00691620
^ Donovan et al. (2012) cite Taleb NN (2007) The black swan: the impact of the highly improbable. Allen Lane, London
^ Stewart, Roderick (27 April 2020). "IMPORTANT NOTICE". mvoms.org.