Summary
Munya or Muya (simplified Chinese: 木雅语; traditional Chinese: 木雅語; also Manyak 曼牙科,[2] Menia 么呢阿;[3] Tibetan: མི་ཉག, Wylie: Mi nyak, THL: Minyak[4]) is one of the Qiangic languages spoken in China. There are two dialects, Northern and Southern, which are not mutually intelligible. Most research on Munya has been conducted by Ikeda Takumi. There are about 2,000 monolinguals.
| Muya | |
|---|---|
| Munya | |
| Native to | China |
| Region | Sichuan |
Native speakers | Eastern: 2,000 (2020)[1] Western: 12,000 (2020)[1] |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:emq – Eastern Minyagwmg – Western Minyag |
| Glottolog | muya1239 |
| ELP | Muya |
 Muya is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
Names edit
The language has been spelled in various ways, including Manyak, Menya, Minyag, and Minyak. Other names for the language are Boba and Miyao.
Dialects edit
Ethnologue (21st edition) lists two Muya dialects, namely Eastern (Nyagrong) and Western (Darmdo). Muya is spoken in
Sun (1991) documents Muya (木雅) of Liuba Township (六坝乡), Shade District (沙德区), Kangding County (康定县), Sichuan.[5]
Popular culture edit
In 2008, Bamu, a singer with the Jiuzhaigou Art Troupe in the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan, recorded an album of Muya songs (木雅七韵).[6]
References edit
- ^ a b Eastern Minyag at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
Western Minyag at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ "Manyak" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-11-02 – via Asia Harvest.
- ^ "Menia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-06-10 – via Asia Harvest.
- ^ "Minyak". places.kmaps.virginia.edu. Retrieved March 24, 2023.
- ^ Sun (1991), p. 219
- ^ Huang, Zhiling (2014-05-27). "Chasing the Fading Music". China Daily USA.
One woman's passion for the songs of a remote ethnic people may save not only the Muya's music, but the language itself. Huang Zhiling reports from Chengdu. Muya music might already be lost if Yang Hua had not given up her job as a mathematics teacher." ..."After the recording was over, Bamu told Yang it was a folk song of the Muya people. The song told how a girl working outside her hometown misses her mom, who says jewelry does not mean anything if one is not educated, and the singer wishes her mom good health. "It was the first time I heard the word 'Muya'," Yang says.
Bibliography edit
- Bai, Junwei (2019). A Grammar of Munya (PhD thesis). James Cook University. doi:10.25903/2SHV-X307.
- Drolma, Dawa; Suzuki, Hiroyuki (2016). Preliminary report on the Darmdo Minyag linguistic area, with a geolinguistic description of terms for ‘sun’.
Studies in Asian Geolinguistics 1. 72–78.
- Ikeda, Takumi (1998). "Mùyǎyǔ yǔyīn jiégòu de jǐ gè wèntí" 木雅語語音結構的幾個問題 [Some Phonological Features of Modern Munya (Minyak) Language]. Nairiku Ajia Gengo No Kenkyuu 内陸アジア言語の研究 (in Chinese). 13: 83–91. hdl:11094/16189.
- Ikeda, Takumi (2002). "On Pitch Accent in the Mu-Nya Language" (PDF). Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 25 (2): 27–45.
- Sun, Hongkai, ed. (1991). Zàngmiǎnyǔ yǔyīn hé cíhuì 藏缅语语音和词汇 [Tibeto-Burman Phonology and Lexicon] (in Chinese). Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe.
- Minyak language elementary textbook[permanent dead link], a project of the Kham Aid Foundation, 2009.