The history of the Lublin Museum dates back to the beginning of the 20th century, and is associated with Hieronim Łopaciński, a junior high school teacher and a correspondent of the Academy of Learning, amateur historian, ethnographer, bibliophile and lover of antiquity.^[1] Thanks to his efforts in 1901, two exhibitions were organized in Lublin.^[1]

The exhibition of art and antiquities was opened on June 4 in the former Dominican Monastery.^[1] Approximately 4,000 exhibits were assembled – engravings, paintings, sculptures, decorative arts, documents, prints, manuscripts, excavated artefacts, guild artefacts, arms, coins, medals, stamps and maps.^[1] The industrial and agricultural exhibition was opened on June 22 with ethnographic section where folk costumes, wooden products and ritual art were presented.^[1]

In 1974, the premises of Lublin Castle were adapted for the needs of the District Museum in Lublin, established in 1950. ^[1] The permanent exhibitions of painting, decorative arts, armaments, archeological, ethnographic, and numismatic artefacts were opened.^[1] In 1987 the museum was renamed the Lublin Museum.^[1]

On 15 May 2020, the Lublin Museum was nationalized, and therefore officially promoted to the rank of a National Museum, seamlessly the ownership of museum was transferred from the local government (pol. Sejmik Województwa) and placed under the authority of Polish Ministry of Culture. ^[2]

It has permanent collections for:

• Polish and foreign painting from the 17th to 20th century;
• Gallery of paintings by Tamara de Lempicka;
• Polish and foreign decorative arts;
• Polish historical and battle paintings;
• Painters and folk art from the Lublin Region;
• Coins and medals in Polish territories from the 10th to the 20th century;
• Polish and foreign armaments from the 14th to the 20th century.

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  Amber hoard from Basonia
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  Gothic apse vault of the Holy Trinity Chapel
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  Pantocrator from Kułakowice
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  Pilate washing his hands by Hendrick ter Brugghen
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  Judgment of Midas by Gerard van Honthorst
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  Girl in a garland of flowers, Jan Philip van Thielen
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  Dogs fighting with foxes, Abraham Hondius
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  The Union of Lublin by Jan Matejko

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