The Nebraska Army National Guard was traces its roots to its territorial militia, which was established on December 23, 1854.^[2] When it was founded, Nebraska had become a hotspot of unrest and tensions, as its southern neighbor Kansas became embroiled in a civil conflict known as Bleeding Kansas which would later be recognized as the prelude to the American Civil War. Although Nebraska itself was spared from the sectarian violence, its own origins began with a dispute between Mormon settlers in Nebraska and the native Sioux inhabitants of the region, which itself began when a cow owned by the Mormons wandered into Sioux territory and was killed. The Mormons attempted to attack the Sioux after they denied any wrongdoing, which triggered the Grattan massacre. As a result, on Dec. 23, 1854, then acting Governor Thomas Cuming of Nebraska established the Nebraska Territorial Militia, the predecessor to the Nebraska National Guard.^[3] The Nebraska Territorial Militia fought in its first conflict during the American Civil War, during which it supplied two volunteer militia units.^[3] However, when Nebraska achieved statehood in 1867, the new state did not bother to formally retain a state militia and instead relied on loosely organized, independent ones until 1881 due to costs and expenses.^[3] In 1881, the Nebraska Territorial Militia was reorganized into the Nebraska National Guard, and played a role in civil peacekeeping operations, waging conflicts against Native American tribes and being deployed internationally for the first time during the Spanish American War.^[3]

The position of adjutant general was created by the Nebraska Territorial Legislature as a part-time position in 1864. It was made a full-time position in 1869. In 1871, the position was abolished, with its duties becoming an additional responsibility of the Secretary of State. The position was recreated as a full-time position when the state adopted a new military code in 1881.^[4]

• Craig W. Strong, 2023-present
• Daryl L. Bohac, 2013–2023
• Judd H. Lyons, 2009-2013
• Timothy J. Kadavy, 2007-2009
• Roger P. Lempke, 2000-2007
• Stanley M. Heng, 1987-2000
• James Carmona, 1983-1987
• Edward C. Binder, 1978-1983
• Francis L. Winner, 1973-1977
• Lyle A. Welch, 1959-1973
• Guy N. Henninger, 1939-1959
• Herbert J. Paul, 1919-1939
• Joseph A. Storch, 1919
• Hugh E. Clapp, 1917-1919
• Walter E. Steele, 1917
• Philip L. Hall, 1913-1917
• Ernest H. Phelps, 1911-1913
• John C. Hartigan, 1909-1911
• Charles F. Schwarz, 1907-1909
• Jacob H. Culver, 1903-1907
• Leonard W. Colby, 1901-1903
• Julius N. Killian, 1901
• Patrick H. Barry, 1895-1900
• James D. Gage, 1893-1895
• Victor Vifquain, 1891-1892
• Albert V. Cole, 1887-1890
• Cyrus N. Baird, 1886-1887
• John C. Bonnell, 1885-1886
• Edward P. Roggen, 1883-1885
• Samuel J. Alexander, 1879-1882
• Bruno Tzschuck, 1875-1879
• John R. Patrick, 1867-1871
• Robert S. Knox, 1865-1867
• William H.W. Hughes, 1864-1865

The Nebraska Army National Guard has one land component command with subordinate elements for mission command. They and their commanders are:

Nebraska Army National Guard Joint Force (HQ at Lincoln)^[5]- BG Lynn M. Heng

• 1969th Contingency Contracting Team (1969th CCT)^[5]
• 105th Military History Detachment (105th MHD)^[5]

 92nd Troop Command (HQ at Lincoln)^[5] - COL Gary A. Ropers

• 111th Public Affairs Detachment:^[5] Lincoln, NE
• 43rd Army Band:^[5] Lincoln, NE
• 195th Quartermaster Detachment (Rigger Support Team) : Yutan, NE^[6]
• 1st Battalion Support & Security (S&S), 376th Aviation Regiment^[5] (UH-72A), 63rd Aviation Brigade
  • Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC) : Grand Island, NE
  • Company A (-) : Lincoln, NE
  • Company D (-) : Grand Island, NE (UH-72A)
•  2nd Battalion, 135th Aviation Regiment - 63d Aviation Brigade
  • Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC)
    • Detachment 1 : Lincoln, NE
    • Detachment 5 : Grand Island, NE
  • Company B (-) : Grand Island, NE (CH-47D)
  • Company G, 2-104th Aviation Regiment, Combat Aviation Brigade, 28th Infantry Division - PAARNG (Air Ambulance)(UH-60) : Lincoln, NE
  • Company D (Maintenance)
    • Detachment 1 : Lincoln, NE
    • Detachment 3 : Grand Island, NE
  • Company E (Maintenance)
    • Detachment 1  : Lincoln, NE
    • Detachment 3 : Grand Island, NE
  • Company A, 2nd Battalion, 641st Aviation Regiment (C-12) : Lincoln, NE - 63d Aviation Brigade
• 110th Multifunctional Medical Battalion (110th MMB):^[5] Lincoln, NE
  • 313th Medical Company^[5] (Ground Ambulance) : Lincoln, NE
•  1st Squadron, 134th Cavalry Regiment (1-134th Cavalry Regiment):^[5] Yutan, NE - 39th Brigade Combat Team
  • Headquarters and Headquarters Troop (HHT),1-134th Cavalry Regiment: Yutan, NE
  • Troop A : Hastings, NE
  • Troop B : Yutan, NE
  • Troop C : Beatrice, NE
  • Company D, 39th Brigade Support Battalion (1-134th Cavalry FSC) : Yutan, NE - 39th Brigade Support Battalion - 39th Brigade Combat Team
• 72nd Civil Support Team:^[5] Lincoln, NE
•  2nd Battalion (Airborne), 134th Infantry Regiment; subordinate to the 45th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Oklahoma Army National Guard) ^[7]
  • Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC)
  • A Company
  • B Company
  • C Company (Indiana Army National Guard)
  • D Company (Weapons)
  • I Forward Support Company/700th Brigade Support Battalion (formerly 195th Forward Support Company)

 67th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade (67th MEB)^[8] of Lincoln - COL Todd D. Stevens

• 234th Brigade Signal Company (234th BSC):^[8] Lincoln
•  734th Brigade Support Battalion (734th BSB):^[8] Kearney, NE
  • 267th Ordnance Company:^[8] Lincoln, NE
  • 1075th Transportation Company (Truck): North Platte, NE^[9]
    • Detachment 1: Sidney, NE^[9]
    • Detachment 2: McCook, NE^[9]
    • Detachment 3: Broken Bow, NE^[9]
  • 189th Transportation Company (Truck) : Norfolk, NE
    • Detachment 1 : Wayne, NE
    • Detachment 2 : Columbus, NE
•  402nd Military Police Battalion^[8] (Combat Support): Omaha, NE
  • 192nd Military Police Detachment (192nd MPD) (Law and Order) : Omaha, NE
  • 1057th Military Police Company (1057th MPC): Chadron, NE
    • Detachment 1 : Scottsbluff, NE
    • Detachment 2 : Grand Island, NE
• 126th Chemical Battalion:^[8] Omaha, NE
  • 754th Chemical Company (Recon/Decon) : Omaha, NE
• 128th Engineer Battalion:^[8] Hastings, NE
  • 755th Engineer Company (Fire Fighting) : Columbus, NE
    • 181st Engineer Team (Fire Fighting) : Norfolk, NE
    • 281st Engineer Team (Fire Fighting) : Hastings, NE
    • 317th Engineer Team (Fire Fighting) : Norfolk, NE
    • 617th Engineer Team (Fire Fighting) : Hastings, NE
  • 623d Engineer Company (Vertical) : Wahoo, NE
    • Detachment 1 : York, NE

209th Regiment (Regional Training Institute)^[10] (HQ at Camp Ashland) - COL Shane Martin^[8]

• 1st Battalion (Noncommissioned Officer Academy)^[8]
• 2nd Battalion (Warrant Officer Candidate School)^[8]
• 3rd Battalion (88M Military Occupational Specialty School)^[8]

•   67th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade - As the 67th Infantry Brigade, the brigade was initially formed in August 1917 in the Iowa and Nebraska Army National Guards, and was part of the 34th Division mobilized for World War I.
•   134th Infantry Regiment
•   167th Cavalry Regiment - The regiment was constituted on February 12, 1964 as a CARS parent regiment, consisting of Troop E-167 CAV, an element of the 67th Infantry Brigade. Reorganised 1 October 1985 to comprise 1st Squadron, an element of the 35th Infantry Division. Transferred from CARS to USARS headquarters in Lincoln on 1 June 1989.^[11] The 1-167th Cavalry was re-organized into the 1st Squadron, 134th Cavalry (R&S) in 2008.
• 168th Field Artillery Regiment (formerly 3rd Battalion, 134th Infantry)
•   195th Armored Regiment - The Regiment was constituted 20 June 1946 as the 128th Engineer Combat Battalion and allocated to the Nebraska ARNG as a component of the 34th Infantry Division.^[12] Organized and federally recognized on 20 November 1947 with headquarters at Omaha, elements organized from new and existing companies. Reorganized and redesignated 1 February 1953 as the 128th Engineer Battalion. Location of headquarters changed 1 May 1959 to Kearny. Relieved 1 April 1963 from assigned to the 34th Infantry Division. Converted, reorganized, and redesignated 1 May 1968 as the 195th Armor, a parent regiment under CARS, consisting of the 1st Battalion. 1 November 1978 assigned to the 67th Infantry Brigade. Reallocated to the 35th Infantry Division on 1 October 1985. 1 June 1989 reallocated from CARS to United States Army Regimental System. Globalsecurity.org reports that "[t]he 195th Armor Battalion (sic) of the Nebraska National Guard, a subordinate unit of the 67th Infantry Brigade, deactivated on Sunday September 2, 2001. Its elements were redesignated as the 734th Transportation Battalion (Motor Support)."^[13]
• 1st Brigade - Constituted in August of 1887 to control all units within the National guard. upon its founding the Brigade commanded the 1st and 2nd Infantry Regiments along with Battery A, Field Artillery and Troop A, Cavalry.^[14] In the winter of 1890-91, durning the Ghost Dance War, elements of the Brigade along with its headquarters were moved to the north end of the state in order to contain the native threat. Durning the War with Spain all elements, bar Battery A, was mobilized for the war along with the staff of the Brigade effectively making it non-existent.^[15] Upon the mobilization of the Nebraska National Guard for World War I the Brigade, along with the rest of the guard, was moved to Camp Cody, New Mexico where Brigade Headquarters was brought to federal service ,becoming the 59th Depot Brigade being dispanded after the war.^[16]

• Nebraska State Guard

• Camp Cody - Nebraska National Guard WW1