Noviodunum is a name of Celtic origin, meaning "new fort": It comes from nowyo, Celtic for "new", and dun, the Celtic for "hillfort" or "fortified settlement", cognate of English town.

Several places were named Noviodunum. Among these:

• Jublains, Mayenne, France, capital of the Aulerci Diablintes
• Neung-sur-Beuvron, Loir-et-Cher, as Noviodunum Biturigum; the capital of the Bituriges, where Vercingetorix fought Julius Caesar in 52 BC.
• Nevers, Nièvre, France
• Pommiers, Aisne, France (oppidum of the Suessiones, situated on the nearby heights of Soissons)
• Nyon, Vaud, Switzerland (formed the city centre of Julius Caesar's 45 BC foundation of Colonia Iulia Equestris)
• Castra Noviodunum, a large Roman fortress and naval base near what is now Isaccea, Romania